Present Tense Verbs in Irish Grammar: Everyday Usage & Structure
Gramadach
cuid a deich
A
n
A
i
m
s
i
r
L
a
i
t
h
r
e
a
c
h
–
G
a
c
h
L
á
(
P
r
e
s
e
n
t
T
e
n
s
e
-
E
v
e
r
y
d
a
y
)
2
s
y
l
l
a
b
l
e
b
r
o
a
d
v
e
r
b
s
In the present tense, there is no need to add a
h
like we did in the past tense.
Instead, we add an ending to the root of the verb. There are four different endings in the present tense. For 2
syllable broad verbs in the present tense, we remove the second syllable (or the
aigh
part) and add
aíonn
.
For example Ceann
aigh
becomes Ceann
aíonn
sé
– He buys
The other difficult part is when we want to say “we” do something in the present tense. With
broad
verbs in the present tense, we drop the second syallable and add
aímid
.
There is no
mé
in the present tense. Instead we add
aim
to the root of the verb for broad verbs.
For example Ceann
aigh
would become Ceann
aim
–
I buy
For example Ceannaigh becomes Ceann
aímid
– We buy
A
n
A
i
m
s
i
r
L
a
i
t
h
r
e
a
c
h
–
G
a
c
h
L
á
(
P
r
e
s
e
n
t
T
e
n
s
e
-
E
v
e
r
y
d
a
y
)
2
s
y
l
l
a
b
l
e
b
r
o
a
d
v
e
r
b
s
The good news is that if a verb starts with a vowel in the present tense, the same rule still applies; just drop the
second syllable and add
aíonn
to the end of the root of the verb.
Athraigh
would become Athr
aíonn
sé
– He changes
A
n
A
i
m
s
i
r
L
a
i
t
h
r
e
a
c
h
–
G
a
c
h
L
á
(
P
r
e
s
e
n
t
T
e
n
s
e
-
E
v
e
r
y
d
a
y
)
2
s
y
l
l
a
b
l
e
b
r
o
a
d
v
e
r
b
s
Ceisteach agus Diúltach
(Questions and Negative)
To say that you didn’t do something, we put
Ní
before the verb,
h
after the first letter, drop the
aigh
add and
aíonn
after
the verb e.g. gortaigh =
Ní
g
h
ort
aíonn
sé.
To ask a question in the present tense, we put
An
before and
aíonn
after the verb. We also need to put an
urú
before
the first letter of the verb e.g.
An
n
gort
aíonn
tú? Seven letters and the vowels take an
urú
when you put
An
before it.
Look at the list below.
d
is the urú for
t
ar an
d
teach
on the house
g
is the urú for
c
ag an
g
carr
at the car
m
is the urú for
b
ar an
m
bus
at the bus
n
is the urú for
d
ár
n
deoch
our drink
b
is the urú for
b
dhá
b
pingin
two cents
bh
is the urú for
f
ar an
bh
fuinneog
on the window
n
is the urú for
g
ar an
n
gáirdín
on the garden
A
n
A
i
m
s
i
r
L
a
i
t
h
r
e
a
c
h
–
G
a
c
h
L
á
(
P
r
e
s
e
n
t
T
e
n
s
e
-
E
v
e
r
y
d
a
y
)
2
s
y
l
l
a
b
l
e
b
r
o
a
d
v
e
r
b
s
C
l
e
a
c
h
t
a
d
h
-
P
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
ceannaigh
to buy
gortaigh
to hurt
rothaigh
to cycle
ceann
aím
I buy
gort
aím
I hurt
roth
aím
I cycle
ceann
aíonn
tú
You buy
glan
aíonn
tú
You hurts
roth
aíonn
tú
You cycle
ceann
aíonn
sé
He buys
glan
aíonn
sé
He hurts
roth
aíonn
sé
He cycles
ceann
aíonn
sí
She buys
glan
aíonn
sí
She hurts
roth
aíonn
sí
She cycles
ceann
aímid
We buy
glan
aímid
We hurt
roth
aímid
We cycle
ceann
aíonn
sibh
You(pl) buy
glan
aíonn
sibh
You(pl) hurt
roth
aíonn
sibh
You (pl) cycle
ceann
aíonn
siad
They buy
glan
aíonn
siad
They hurt
roth
aíonn
siad
They cycle
An
g
ceann
aíonn
tú?
Do you buy?
An
n
gort
aíonn
tú?
Do you hurt?
An roth
aíonn
tú?
Do you cycle?
Ní c
h
eann
aím
I don’t buy
Ní g
h
ort
aíonn
sé
He doesn’t hurt
Ní roth
aím
I don’t cycle
A
n
A
i
m
s
i
r
L
a
i
t
h
r
e
a
c
h
–
G
a
c
h
L
á
(
P
r
e
s
e
n
t
T
e
n
s
e
-
E
v
e
r
y
d
a
y
)
2
s
y
l
l
a
b
l
e
b
r
o
a
d
v
e
r
b
s
Quick Recap:
1.
For verbs that begin with a vowel or a consonant, drop the
aigh
and add
aíonn
e.g. ceann
aigh
= ceann
aíonn
2.
There is no
mé
in the present tense. Instead for broad verbs, drop the
aigh
and add
aím
e.g. ceann
aigh
= ceann
aím
3.
We add aimid to broad verbs in the present tense when we want to say we did something
e.g. ceann
aigh
= ceann
aímid
4.
To ask a question, we use
An
,
an
urú
,
drop the
aigh
and
add
aíonn
e.g. ceann
aigh
=
An g
ceann
aíonn
tú?
5.
To say the negative, we use
Ní
,
drop the
aigh
part,
add
a
séimhiú (
h
) and
aíonn
e.g.
Ní
c
h
eann
aíonn
sé.
Explore how to form and use present tense verbs in everyday Irish language with 2 to 2-syllable broad verbs, including rules for endings and changes. Learn how to ask questions, form negatives, and practice verbs for buying, hurting, and cycling with clear examples.
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Presentation Transcript
Gramadach cuid a deich
An Aimsir Laithreach Gach L (Present Tense - Everyday) 2 2 syllable broad verbs syllable broad verbs In the present tense, there is no need to add a h like we did in the past tense. Instead, we add an ending to the root of the verb. There are four different endings in the present tense. For 2 syllable broad verbs in the present tense, we remove the second syllable (or the aigh part) and add a onn. For example Ceannaigh becomes Ceanna onn s He buys There is no m in the present tense. Instead we add aim to the root of the verb for broad verbs. For example Ceannaigh would become Ceannaim I buy The other difficult part is when we want to say we do something in the present tense. With broad verbs in the present tense, we drop the second syallable and add a mid. For example Ceannaigh becomes Ceanna mid We buy
An Aimsir Laithreach Gach L (Present Tense - Everyday) 2 2 syllable broad verbs syllable broad verbs The good news is that if a verb starts with a vowel in the present tense, the same rule still applies; just drop the second syllable and add a onn to the end of the root of the verb. Athraigh would become Athra onn s He changes
An Aimsir Laithreach Gach L (Present Tense - Everyday) 2 syllable broad verbs 2 syllable broad verbs Ceisteach agus Di ltach (Questions and Negative) To say that you didn t do something, we put N before the verb, h after the first letter, drop the aigh add and a onn after the verb e.g. gortaigh = N ghorta onn s . To ask a question in the present tense, we put An before and a onnafter the verb. We also need to put an ur before the first letter of the verb e.g. An ngorta onn t ? Seven letters and the vowels take an ur when you put An before it. Look at the list below. d g m n b bh n is the ur for is the ur for is the ur for is the ur for is the ur for is the ur for is the ur for t c b d b f g ar an dteach ag an gcarr ar an mbus r ndeoch dh bpingin ar an bhfuinneog on the window ar an ng ird n on the house at the car at the bus our drink two cents on the garden
An Aimsir Laithreach Gach L (Present Tense - Everyday) 2 syllable broad 2 syllable broad verbs verbs Cleachtadh - Practice ceannaigh to buy gortaigh to hurt rothaigh to cycle ceanna m I buy gorta m I hurt rotha m I cycle ceanna onn t You buy glana onn t You hurts rotha onn t You cycle ceanna onn s He buys glana onn s He hurts rotha onn s He cycles ceanna onn s She buys glana onn s She hurts rotha onn s She cycles ceanna mid We buy glana mid We hurt rotha mid We cycle ceanna onn sibh You(pl) buy glana onn sibh You(pl) hurt rotha onn sibh You (pl) cycle ceanna onn siad They buy glana onn siad They hurt rotha onn siad They cycle An gceanna onn t ? Do you buy? An ngorta onn t ? Do you hurt? An rotha onn t ? Do you cycle? N cheanna m I don t buy N ghorta onn s He doesn t hurt N rotha m I don t cycle
An Aimsir Laithreach Gach L (Present Tense - Everyday) 2 2 syllable broad verbs syllable broad verbs Quick Recap: 1. For verbs that begin with a vowel or a consonant, drop the aigh and add a onn e.g. ceannaigh = ceanna onn 2. There is no m in the present tense. Instead for broad verbs, drop the aigh and add a m e.g. ceannaigh = ceanna m 3. We add aimid to broad verbs in the present tense when we want to say we did something e.g. ceannaigh = ceanna mid 4. To ask a question, we use An, an ur , drop the aigh and add a onn e.g. ceannaigh = An gceanna onn t ? 5. To say the negative, we use N , drop the aigh part, add a s imhi (h) and a onn e.g. N cheanna onn s .
