Overview of Anaplasma Marginale: Disease, Transmission, and Life Cycle
Anaplasma marginale, a species of small round bodies found inside erythrocytes, is the causative agent of anaplasmosis in animals. This pathogen is primarily transmitted by various species of ticks, biting flies, and even mosquitoes. The disease can be mechanically spread through contaminated blood during common veterinary practices. Understanding the transmission, definitive hosts, and location of Anaplasma marginale is crucial for effective management strategies.
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Bihar Animal Sciences University | Anaplasma Dr. AJIT KUMAR Dr. AJIT KUMAR HoD HoD Department of Veterinary Parasitology Department of Veterinary Parasitology Bihar Veterinary College Bihar Veterinary College Bihar Animal Sciences University Bihar Animal Sciences University Patna Patna- -800014 800014 Image source: Google image
Order : Order : Rickettsiales Rickettsiales Genus: Genus: Anaplasma Anaplasma Anaplasma species appear as small (0.2-0.5 m in diameter), round, dark red bodies with no cytoplasm and with a light halo may found around them inside the erythrocytes. One occasionally have more than one organisms. erythrocytes may
Genus: Genus: Anaplasma Anaplasma Species Species Definitive Definitive host host Location Location Transmission/ Vector Anaplasma marginale V Various species arious species of ticks, flies, of ticks, flies, contaminated contaminated su sur rgical gical instruments etc. instruments etc. - -do do- - Cattle usually near the margin of RBCs Anaplasma centrale -do- In the centre of RBCs Sheep and goat Anaplasma ovis RBC - -do do- -
Anaplasma Anaplasma marginale marginale Anaplasma marginale found on or near the margin erythrocytes in stained films. of blood Image source: Google image
Anaplasma Anaplasma marginale marginale Transmission: Transmitted through various species of ticks (transovarian transmission), biting flies and even mosquitoes (mechanical transmission) help in transmission of anaplasmosis.
Anaplasma Anaplasma marginale marginale Transmission: Disease transmitted mechanically by infected blood contaminating the hypodermic needle, use in mass vaccination and castration, ear tagging and instruments. can also be dehorning Source of infection is always the blood of an infected animal.
Life- cycle of A. marginale Image source: Google image
Anaplasma Anaplasma marginale marginale Disease : Anaplasmosis or gall sickness Pathogenesis : Anaplasmosis is a disease of adult cattle and clinical anaplasmosis is mostly seen in cattle above 18 months of age. Younger infection but clinical symptoms do not occur. animals are susceptible to
Anaplasma Anaplasma marginale marginale Pathogenesis Anaplasma organisms infected erythrocytes are engulfed (erythrophagocytosis) by the cells of reticuloendothelial system (Spleen and bone marrow) and cause extra vascular haemolysis leading to anaemia.
Anaplasma Anaplasma marginale marginale Symptoms: Fever, anorexia, anaemia, jaundice and may be abortion in pregnant cows.
Anaplasma Anaplasma marginale marginale Diagnsosis: o On symptoms. the basis of o Microscopic examination stained blood smear revealed dark red bodies inside the erythrocytes. of round and
Anaplasma Anaplasma marginale marginale Treatment : Oxytetracycline @6-10 mg/kg b.wt i/m is drug of choice in treatment of anaplasmosis. Amvac and Anaplaz vaccines have been prepared against Anaplasma marginale.
