Overview of Acyl Chlorides in Organic Chemistry
Acyl chlorides, also known as acid chlorides, are important compounds in organic chemistry. They can be prepared from carboxylic acids and thionyl chloride, and are reactive towards various nucleophiles leading to the formation of carboxylic acid esters, primary and secondary amides. Acyl chlorides can also react with water, alcohols, ammonia, and primary amines to form different derivatives such as carboxylic acids, esters, primary amides, and secondary amides. Understanding the reactivity and synthesis of acyl chlorides is crucial for organic synthesis.
Download Presentation
Please find below an Image/Link to download the presentation.
The content on the website is provided AS IS for your information and personal use only. It may not be sold, licensed, or shared on other websites without obtaining consent from the author.If you encounter any issues during the download, it is possible that the publisher has removed the file from their server.
You are allowed to download the files provided on this website for personal or commercial use, subject to the condition that they are used lawfully. All files are the property of their respective owners.
The content on the website is provided AS IS for your information and personal use only. It may not be sold, licensed, or shared on other websites without obtaining consent from the author.
E N D
Presentation Transcript
Acyl chlorides Acyl chlorides
The acyl group Carboxylic acid RCOOH Acyl group RCO Acyl chloride RCOCl O O O R C R C R C Cl OH Preparation of an acyl chloride From carboxylic acid and thionyl chloride, SOCl2 O O H3C C H3C C + SOCl2 + SO2 + HCl OH Cl Thionyl chloride Ethanoic acid Ethanoyl chloride
Acyl chlorides in synthesis Acyl chlorides in synthesis Acyl chlorides react with nucleophiles O O R C R C OH OR' carboxylic acid ester H2O R'OH O R C Cl acyl chloride NH3 R'NH2 O O R C R C NH2 NHR' secondary amide primary amide
Acyl chlorides Acyl chlorides Carboxylic acids and Esters Carboxylic acids and Esters Carboxylic acids using water O O + H2O H3C C + HCl H3C C Cl OH Water ethanoyl chloride ethanoic acid Esters using alcohols O O HCl + H2O + H3C C CH3CH2CH2 OH H3C C O CH2CH2CH3 Cl water hydrochloric acid ethanoyl chloride propan-1-ol Alcohol propyl ethanoate
Acyl chlorides Acyl chlorides Amides Amides Primary amides using ammonia O O H3C C + 2NH3 + NH4Cl H3C C NH2 Cl Ammonia ethanoyl chloride primary amide Secondary amides using primary amines O O + CH3NH3+ Cl H3C C H3C C + 2CH3NH2 Cl N H CH3 Primary amine ethanoyl chloride secondary amide
