ORGANIZATION OF CASHEW SECTOR POLICIES IN AFRICA
The article discusses the organizational policies in the cashew sector in Africa, focusing on the free movement of goods and people in the ECOWAS zone. It highlights the obstacles to trade such as roadblocks and illegal payments along various corridors. It concludes with the challenges faced in implementing the ECOWAS Free Movement of Persons and Goods & Trade Liberalization Scheme.
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ORGANIZATION OF CASHEW SECTOR POLICIES IN AFRICA Free Movement of Goods and People in ECOWAS Zone: Case of Agricultural Products Including Cashew Kemji Ajoku (PhD) Department of Industry and Private Sector ECOWAS Commission
ROADBLOCKS, MAJOR OBSTACLE TO TRADE Highways Distances (Km) Number of Checkpoints Checkpoints per 100 Km Lagos-Abidjan 992 69 7 Cotonou-Niamey 1036 34 3 Lome-Ouagadougou 989 34 4 Abidjan- Ouagadougou 1122 15 3 Niamey- Ouagadougou 529 37 4 Accra-Ouagadougou 972 20 2 3
NUMBER OF CHECK POINTS PER CORRIDOR Commodity Corridors Distance (Km) No. of Check Points 38 Bouake (C te d Ivoire) to Niamey (Niger) Cote d Ivoire Burkina Faso 1,371 Cereals (Maize) 318 932 121 1,004 14 14 8 62 Niger Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) to Accra (Ghana) Burkina Faso Ghana Koutiala (Mali) to Dakar (Senegal) Mali Senegal Livestock 167 837 1865 7 55 54 Cereals (Millet/Sorghum) 1184 681 30 24 4
ILEGAL PAYMENTS ($) PER CORRIDOR, PER COUNTRY Product Corridor Distance (Km) Illegal Payments ($) 331.54 Cereals (Maize) Bouake (Cote d Ivoire to Niamey (Niger) Cote d Ivoire Burkina Faso Niger Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) to Accra (Ghana) Burkina Faso Ghana Koutiala (Mali) to Dakar (Senegal) 1,371 318 932 121 1,004 62.47 75.13 193.94 408.59 Livestock 167 837 1865 173.53 235.07 735.96 Cereals (Millet/Sorghum) Mali Senegal 1184 681 165 358.28 377.68 385.84 Cereals (Parboiled Rice) Bama (Burkina Faso) to Kouri (Mali) Burkina Faso Mali 120 45 605 204.15 181.69 432.80 Cereals (Maize) Parakou (Benin) to Niamey (Niger) 5 Benin Niger 323 282 173.53 259.27
CONCLUSION The ECOWAS Free Movement of Persons and Goods & Trade Liberalization Scheme (ETLS) suffered from implementation challenges in all Member States Appointment of a Head of State to ensure effective implementation of the ECOWAS texts on free movement of persons and goods, the right of residence and establishment Showed pressing interest of ECOWAS Heads of State and Government for free movement, targeting the strengthening of regional integration process. Provided major innovations and opportunities taken to tackle the recurrent issue of harassments at border posts and on road corridors with the hope that strong and appropriate measures are undertaken by Member States to end it. 6
CASHEW SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS Advocate for Cashew Regional Commodity Exchange (to address access to RCN) Put in Place Mechanisms and Instruments for RCN price stabilization Harmonization of Cashew Policies across the subregion Advocate for Regional Cashew Quality Board Engagement of Stakeholders (with ACA) Support the Cashew International Consultative Council (CICC) 7
