OMICS Group: Empowering Science and Technology Worldwide
About OMICS Group
About OMICS Group
OMICS Group International is an amalgamation of
and worldwide international science conferences and events.
Established in the year 2007 with the sole aim of making the information on
Sciences and technology ‘Open Access’, OMICS Group publishes 400
online open access
in all aspects of Science, Engineering,
Management and Technology journals. OMICS Group has been
instrumental in taking the knowledge on Science & technology to the
doorsteps of ordinary men and women. Research Scholars, Students,
Libraries, Educational Institutions, Research centers and the industry are
main stakeholders that benefitted greatly from this knowledge
dissemination. OMICS Group also organizes 300
annually across the globe, where knowledge transfer takes
place through debates, round table discussions, poster presentations,
workshops, symposia and exhibitions
.conferencesInternationalscholarly journalspublicationsOpen Access
About OMICS Group Conferences
About OMICS Group Conferences
OMICS Group International is a pioneer and leading science event
organizer, which publishes around 400 open access journals and conducts
over 300 Medical, Clinical, Engineering, Life Sciences, Phrama scientific
conferences all over the globe annually with the support of more than
1000 scientific associations and 30,000 editorial board members and 3.5
million followers to its credit.
OMICS Group has organized 500 conferences, workshops and national
symposiums across the major cities including San Francisco, Las Vegas,
San Antonio, Omaha, Orlando, Raleigh, Santa Clara, Chicago,
Philadelphia, Baltimore, United Kingdom, Valencia, Dubai, Beijing,
Hyderabad, Bengaluru and Mumbai.
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1/18
In Pursuit of Truth and Justice
Truth, like gold, is to be obtained not by its
growth, but by washing away from it
all that is not gold.
Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy(1828-1910)
2/18
Is a Prophylactic Needed?
•
20-25% of Innocence Project cases successfully litigated
included false confessions
(Jenson, J.K. (2014) The Dilemma and Debate over Confession Evidence Strategies. J forensic Res Crim Stud 1:1-10)
•
“Beatrice Six” defendants who confessed to murder in 1989
were exonerated when DNA evidence identified another
suspect not associated with defendants – a 42 USC Sec. 1983
claim filed against investigating parties
(No. 11-2882 US Court of Appeals 8
th
Circuit)
•
National Registry of Exonerations shows 1,409 exonerations as
of August 12, 2014
(
https://www.law.umich.edu/special/exoneration/Pages/browse.aspx
)
3/18
Objectives
•
Describe sentinel events as related to the criminal justice system
and understand the prophylactic utility of rapid DNA technology
(RDT)
•
An understanding of RDT deployment
•
Understand “probable cause” and “evidentiary” applications
•
Understand the RDT / CODIS inter-face of the Arizona
Department of Public Safety (AZDPS) Type Model with auxiliary
local DNA database.
•
Understand liability exposure in the investigative process
4/18
What are Sentinel Events?
•
Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospital Organizations
(JACHO): A sentinel event is an unexpected occurrence
involving death or serious physical or psychological injury, or the
risk thereof.
(
http://www.jointcommission.org/sentinel_event.aspx
)
•
National Institute of Justice (NIJ): A sentinel event is a significant
negative outcome that: signals underlying weaknesses in the
system or process; is likely the result of compound errors; may
provide, if properly analyzed and addressed, important keys to
strengthening the system and preventing future adverse events
or outcomes.
(
http://nij.gov/topics/justice-system/Pages/sentinel-events.aspx
)
5/18
CJS Examples of Sentinel Events
•
Wrongful conviction or near-miss* for when accused of a criminal
act
•
Labeling of an individual when questioned by investigators
relative a criminal case
•
Inaccurate eye-witnesses testimony
•
False statements from informants, victims or witnesses
•
Over-reaching forensic subject matter expert testimony
•
Exoneration outcomes: liability risk for criminal justice personnel
and agencies
* Tried – found not guilty
6/18
Rapid DNA Technology (RDT)
•
You might think of RDT as a lab in a box
•
Currently, there are two types of RDT equipment available to
U.S. law enforcement and laboratories:
1) General Electric - DNAscan
2) IntegenX – RapidHit 200
•
Provides agencies the ability to produce results in under ninety-
minutes or collection to result in < 2 hours
•
RDT may deployed in nearly in a number of situations
•
Potential to provide near real time access to DNA typing
expertise via automation
7/18
DNA Profile: GWA < 85 Minutes
Equipment Used -
DNAscan, Courtesy
GE Healthcare
8/18
AZDPS Deployment Type Model
Offender
POND
Forensic
Pond
Suspect
Pond
LEA/LAB
POND
LAB
CODIS
Law
Enforcement
RDT
LDIS/SDIS
LAW ENFORCEMENT
9/18
Probable Cause & RDT
•
Probable Cause: evidence that gives someone a reason to think
a crime has been committed or is in process.
•
If an individual is implicated in a criminal act, an officer has
reasonable suspicion to investigate. Rapid DNA technology may
be a viable strategy to establish probable cause under such
circumstances when a unknown crime scene DNA evidence is
available or the investigator has reasonable suspicion that a
criminal relationship may exist between parties.
10/18
DNA Sample Collection
•
Most situations will require voluntary consent. Therefore, law
enforcement personnel will have to exercise restraint and not
collect by coercion.
•
Materials that are discarded may be used – no expectation of
privacy
(State v. Christian, Court of Appeals of Iowa, No. 04-0900 8/23/06 @
http://www.denverda.org/dna/Surreptitious_Collection_and_Abandoned_DNA_Cases.htm
)
11/18
Excluded / Not Excluded
•
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12/18
Wilson v. Lawrence County (2001)
There is no countervailing equally important governmental
interest that would excuse the appellants from fulfilling their
responsibility to investigate these leads when faced with an
involuntary confession and no reliable corroborating
evidence. Therefore, the proper standard to judge whether
the officers' conduct violates due process is recklessness.
(
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13/18
Notable Settlements in the Press
•
Exonerated Ohio man wins civil rights suit, $13.2M -
spent 13
years in prison for a murder that DNA testing later proved
he did not commit
(
http://www.wkyt.com/home/headlines/Exonerated-Ohio-man-wins-civil-rights-suit-132M-196694571.html?site=mobile
)
•
5 Exonerated in Central Park Jogger Case Agree to Settle Suit
for $40 Million :
DNA and other evidence implicated another
man a convicted rapist and murderer who confessed to
acting alone.
(
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/20/nyregion/5-exonerated-in-central-park-jogger-case-are-to-settle-suit-for-40-million.html?_r=0
)
14/18
Thoughts to Consider
•
“Any problem is best solved by preventing it from occurring”
(Thayer, L. 2010. Leaders and Leadership: Searching for Wisdom in All the Right Places. E-book p.38 of 870 )
•
“We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we
used when we created them” – Albert Einstein
http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/a/alberteins121993.html#jD6YMvjDB0lxDeFt.99
15/18
RDT as a Prophylactic for
Sentinel Events
•
False confessions are exposed
•
Labeling exposure for the innocent is reduced or eliminated
•
Eyewitness testimony may be corroborated
•
Testimony of witnesses and informants may be corroborated
or dismissed
•
Investigative resources may be more focused and efficient
•
Liability exposure for investigators, prosecutors and
jurisdictions may be greatly reduced.
16/18
Q
u
e
s
t
i
o
n
s
G
e
o
r
g
e
W
.
A
d
a
m
s
,
M
.
A
.
NamUs Director (Financial Operations)
University of North Texas Health Science Center
3500 Camp Bowie Blvd. – CBH 650
Fort Worth, Texas 76107
g.w.adams@unthsc.edu
817-735-5451
Presenter is solely responsible for presentation content.
17/18
18/18
Let Us Meet Again
We welcome you all to our future
We welcome you all to our future
conferences of OMICS Group
conferences of OMICS Group
International
International
Please Visit:
Please Visit:
www.omicsgroup.com
www.omicsgroup.com
www.conferenceseries.com
www.conferenceseries.com
OMICS Group International, established in 2007, is a leading amalgamation of open-access publications and global science conferences. With a focus on making science and technology information easily accessible, they publish 400 online scholarly journals covering various fields. Through their conferences and events held worldwide, OMICS Group facilitates knowledge transfer and collaboration among research scholars, students, and industry professionals. Their commitment to advancing science and technology is evident in their extensive reach and impact on the scientific community.
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Presentation Transcript
About OMICS Group About OMICS Group OMICS Group International is an amalgamation of Open Access publications and worldwide international science conferences and events. Established in the year 2007 with the sole aim of making the information on Sciences and technology Open Access , OMICS Group publishes 400 online open access scholarly journals in all aspects of Science, Engineering, Management and Technology journals. instrumental in taking the knowledge on Science & technology to the doorsteps of ordinary men and women. Research Scholars, Students, Libraries, Educational Institutions, Research centers and the industry are main stakeholders that benefitted dissemination. OMICS Group also conferences annually across the globe, where knowledge transfer takes place through debates, round table discussions, poster presentations, workshops, symposia and exhibitions. OMICS Group has been greatly organizes from this knowledge International 300
About OMICS Group Conferences About OMICS Group Conferences OMICS Group International is a pioneer and leading science event organizer, which publishes around 400 open access journals and conducts over 300 Medical, Clinical, Engineering, Life Sciences, Phrama scientific conferences all over the globe annually with the support of more than 1000 scientific associations and 30,000 editorial board members and 3.5 million followers to its credit. OMICS Group has organized 500 conferences, workshops and national symposiums across the major cities including San Francisco, Las Vegas, San Antonio, Omaha, Orlando, Philadelphia, Baltimore, United Kingdom, Valencia, Dubai, Beijing, Hyderabad, Bengaluru and Mumbai. Raleigh, Santa Clara, Chicago,
Novel Concepts for the Application of Rapid DNA Technology as a Sentinel Event Prophylactic in the Criminal Justice System George W. Adams, M.A. October 6, 2014 San Antonio, Texas 1/18
In Pursuit of Truth and Justice Truth, like gold, is to be obtained not by its growth, but by washing away from it all that is not gold. Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy(1828-1910) 2/18
Is a Prophylactic Needed? 20-25% of Innocence Project cases successfully litigated included false confessions (Jenson, J.K. (2014) The Dilemma and Debate over Confession Evidence Strategies. J forensic Res Crim Stud 1:1-10) Beatrice Six defendants who confessed to murder in 1989 were exonerated when DNA evidence identified another suspect not associated with defendants a 42 USC Sec. 1983 claim filed against investigating parties (No. 11-2882 US Court of Appeals 8th Circuit) National Registry of Exonerations shows 1,409 exonerations as of August 12, 2014 (https://www.law.umich.edu/special/exoneration/Pages/browse.aspx ) 3/18
Objectives Describe sentinel events as related to the criminal justice system and understand the prophylactic utility of rapid DNA technology (RDT) An understanding of RDT deployment Understand probable cause and evidentiary applications Understand the RDT / CODIS inter-face of the Arizona Department of Public Safety (AZDPS) Type Model with auxiliary local DNA database. Understand liability exposure in the investigative process 4/18
What are Sentinel Events? Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospital Organizations (JACHO): A sentinel event is an unexpected occurrence involving death or serious physical or psychological injury, or the risk thereof. (http://www.jointcommission.org/sentinel_event.aspx) National Institute of Justice (NIJ): A sentinel event is a significant negative outcome that: signals underlying weaknesses in the system or process; is likely the result of compound errors; may provide, if properly analyzed and addressed, important keys to strengthening the system and preventing future adverse events or outcomes. (http://nij.gov/topics/justice-system/Pages/sentinel-events.aspx) 5/18
CJS Examples of Sentinel Events Wrongful conviction or near-miss* for when accused of a criminal act Labeling of an individual when questioned by investigators relative a criminal case Inaccurate eye-witnesses testimony False statements from informants, victims or witnesses Over-reaching forensic subject matter expert testimony Exoneration outcomes: liability risk for criminal justice personnel and agencies * Tried found not guilty 6/18
Rapid DNA Technology (RDT) You might think of RDT as a lab in a box Currently, there are two types of RDT equipment available to U.S. law enforcement and laboratories: 1) General Electric - DNAscan 2) IntegenX RapidHit 200 Provides agencies the ability to produce results in under ninety- minutes or collection to result in < 2 hours RDT may deployed in nearly in a number of situations Potential to provide near real time access to DNA typing expertise via automation 7/18
DNA Profile: GWA < 85 Minutes Equipment Used - DNAscan, Courtesy GE Healthcare 8/18
AZDPS Deployment Type Model LDIS/SDIS Offender POND LAW ENFORCEMENT Law LEA/LAB POND Enforcement RDT LAB Forensic Pond CODIS Suspect Pond 9/18
Probable Cause & RDT Probable Cause: evidence that gives someone a reason to think a crime has been committed or is in process. If an individual is implicated in a criminal act, an officer has reasonable suspicion to investigate. Rapid DNA technology may be a viable strategy to establish probable cause under such circumstances when a unknown crime scene DNA evidence is available or the investigator has reasonable suspicion that a criminal relationship may exist between parties. 10/18
DNA Sample Collection Most situations will require voluntary consent. Therefore, law enforcement personnel will have to exercise restraint and not collect by coercion. Materials that are discarded may be used no expectation of privacy (State v. Christian, Court of Appeals of Iowa, No. 04-0900 8/23/06 @ http://www.denverda.org/dna/Surreptitious_Collection_and_Abandoned_DNA_Cases.htm ) 11/18
Excluded / Not Excluded If the results of the RDT analysis exclude the individual, probable cause may not exist to continue the investigation saving the agency valuable investigative resources and the individual the stress of being labeled as a person of interest in a criminal investigation. If the results do not exclude, a warrant may be in order to secure an evidentiary DNA sample to be processed according to agency policy and protocols. 12/18
Wilson v. Lawrence County (2001) There is no countervailing equally important governmental interest that would excuse the appellants from fulfilling their responsibility to investigate these leads when faced with an involuntary confession and no reliable corroborating evidence. Therefore, the proper standard to judge whether the officers' conduct violates due process is recklessness. (United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit No. 00-2828 - 260 F.3d 946 ) 13/18
Notable Settlements in the Press Exonerated Ohio man wins civil rights suit, $13.2M - spent 13 years in prison for a murder that DNA testing later proved he did not commit (http://www.wkyt.com/home/headlines/Exonerated-Ohio-man-wins-civil-rights-suit-132M-196694571.html?site=mobile ) 5 Exonerated in Central Park Jogger Case Agree to Settle Suit for $40 Million : DNA and other evidence implicated another man a convicted rapist and murderer who confessed to acting alone. (http://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/20/nyregion/5-exonerated-in-central-park-jogger-case-are-to-settle-suit-for-40-million.html?_r=0 ) 14/18
Thoughts to Consider Any problem is best solved by preventing it from occurring (Thayer, L. 2010. Leaders and Leadership: Searching for Wisdom in All the Right Places. E-book p.38 of 870 ) We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them Albert Einstein http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/a/alberteins121993.html#jD6YMvjDB0lxDeFt.99 15/18
RDT as a Prophylactic for Sentinel Events False confessions are exposed Labeling exposure for the innocent is reduced or eliminated Eyewitness testimony may be corroborated Testimony of witnesses and informants may be corroborated or dismissed Investigative resources may be more focused and efficient Liability exposure for investigators, prosecutors and jurisdictions may be greatly reduced. 16/18
Questions George W. Adams, M.A. NamUs Director (Financial Operations) University of North Texas Health Science Center 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd. CBH 650 Fort Worth, Texas 76107 g.w.adams@unthsc.edu 817-735-5451 Presenter is solely responsible for presentation content. 17/18
Let Us Meet Again Let Us Meet Again We welcome you all to our future conferences of OMICS Group International Please Visit: www.omicsgroup.com www.conferenceseries.com
