Objective Personality Tests and Traits

Explore various objective personality tests and traits, including examples of uni-dimensional traits such as Locus of Control, Type A/B personalities, Tolerance for Ambiguity, Need for Cognition, Bem Sex-Role Inventory, and more. Delve into the concepts introduced by psychologists like Julian Rotter, Friedman, Jordan, David McLain, Cacioppo and Petty, Sandra Bem, Kagan, and more. Understand the importance of these tests in assessing individual characteristics and behaviors.

• Personality Tests
• Traits
• Locus of Control
• Type A/B
• Need for Cognition

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1. Objective Personality Tests

2. Examples of uni-dimensional traits Surveys Locus of Control Type A/B Tolerance of Ambiguity Need for Cognition Bem Sex-Role Inventory Personal Attributes Questionnaire (PAQ)

3. Locus of Control Julian Rotter 1966 Internal vs External Control of reinforcement Internal = own action determines rewards External = rewards determined by luck, fate, chance

4. Type A/B Friedman and Jordan 1950s Type A = ambitious, rigidly organized, highly status conscious, sensitive, truthful, impatient, try to help others, meet deadlines, multi-task Type B = apathetic, patient, relaxed, easy- going, no sense of time schedule, poor organizational skills

5. Tolerance for Ambiguity MSTAT - Multiple Stimulus Types Ambiguity Tolerance David McLain 1993 ability to tolerate contradictory and incalculable information Trait or state?

6. Need for Cognition Cacioppo and Petty 1982 tendency for an individual to engage in and enjoy thinking

7. Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI) Sandra Bem 1974 Masculine and feminine traits 20 m traits, 20 f, 20 distractors Gender roles = how people identify themselves psychologically

8. Bem alternatives Gender Traits Test link Personal Attributes Questionnaire (PAQ) Spence, Helmreich and Stapp 1974 Instrumental and expressive characteristics

9. Examples of uni-dimensional traits Behavioral Impulsive/Reflective (Kagan - Matching familiar figures) Field Dependent/Independent (Witkin - embedded figures)

10. Impulsive/Reflective Matching Familiar Figures (MFF) Jerome Kagan 1965 Based on time to react Slower, more accurate = reflective Faster, less accurate = impulsive

11. Field Dependent/Independent Embedded Figures Test (EFT) Herman Witkin 1950 s

12. Field Dependent has trouble finding geometric shape embedded in background = very interpersonal, reads social cues well, openly convey own feelings. Women more likely field dependent

13. Field independent readily finds geometric shape regardless of background = has internal frame of reference, imposes own sense of order on situation lacking structure, impersonal and task oriented, separate own self identity from field. Men frequently field independent.