Mining Readiness Strategy for Thunder Bay and Northwestern Ontario

Mining 
Readiness
 
Strategy
FINAL
 
DRAFT
Prepared 
by 
MNP LLP 
for the City 
of 
Thunder Bay and
 
the
Community Economic Development Commission
 
(CEDC)
February 11, 2021
Ambassadors Northwest
Suite 
701, 34 
Cumberland 
St.
 
N.
Thunder 
Bay, 
ON P7A 4L6
 
gotothunderbay.ca
Introduction
2
A guiding 
framework for the City 
of 
Thunder 
Bay to 
support 
the growing 
Northwestern 
Ontario
mining
 
sector
The 
City 
of 
Thunder 
Bay and the 
Community 
Economic 
Development Commission (CEDC) 
engaged 
MNP 
and 
TBT 
Engineering 
to 
develop
a 
Mining Readiness 
Strategy 
focused 
on 
regional developments over 
the 
next ten years (2020 
to 
2030). 
The report 
focuses primarily
 
on:
Business 
Development 
in Supply and 
Services: 
Maximizing exploration and 
mining 
service 
and 
supply 
opportunities 
for Thunder 
Bay,
including 
connecting 
directly 
with the 6 mines and 15 exploration managers, identifying 
indirect 
and 
induced businesses 
and 
gaps in
the 
supply
 
chain.
Workforce 
Training 
and 
Development
: 
Develop an understanding 
of 
positions 
required 
by mines now and in the 
future, 
assess existing
college, university 
and trade 
programs 
and how 
to 
address 
any
 
gaps.
Transportation 
and Electrical 
Infrastructure
: Identify 
road, 
port 
and airport access and 
electricity requirements 
and 
constraints for 
the
15 exploration
 
sites.
Economic 
Impact 
of 
New 
and 
Existing 
Mine 
Developments 
for Thunder Bay
: 
Estimate 
the 
contribution 
to 
Thunder 
Bay’s 
economy
 
by
the 6 
producing mines 
and 15 
exploration
 
projects.
Research 
and 
Development: 
Identify potential technology advances 
and 
partnerships 
with 
local education 
and 
research
 
centers.
Identifying
 
Gaps
 
and
 
Barriers
 
to
 
Exploration
 
and
 
Mine
 
Development
 
in
 
Northwestern
 
Ontario.
The report 
concludes 
with 
strategic 
recommendations that the 
CEDC 
can implement 
to 
support the exploration and 
mining sector 
in the
City 
of 
Thunder 
Bay and Northwestern
 
Ontario.
Approach 
and
 
Methodology
3
Regional 
Mining
 
Overview
Ontario
Currently 
the 
largest 
producer 
in
Canada 
of 
gold, 
platinum 
group
metals, 
and 
nickel. 
Second
 
largest
producer 
of
 
copper.
4
The 
value 
of 
mineral production
 
in
Ontario has consistently
 
exceeded
$10 billion 
since 
2014, and 
reached
 
a
value 
of 
$10.7 billion in
 
2019.
Exploration expenditures
 
between
$517 
to 
$585 
million over 
the
 
last
three
 
years.
Estimated 
26,000 
direct jobs 
and
46,000 
indirect jobs 
in 
mineral
processing 
and 
mining supply
 
and
services 
in
 
Ontario.
In 
2020, 
Ontario had 
40 
operating
mine sites (20-gold mines, 9-base
metal mines 1-iron mine 
and 1-
platinum 
group 
metal
 
mine).
Regional 
Mining
 
Overview
Northwestern 
Ontario 
Distribution 
of 
Metals 
by 
Major Exploration Sites and Active
 
Mines
5
6
7
1
 
3
3
1
1
15
25
Go
l
d
Palladium
Lithium
Graphite
Nickel-Copper-PGE
Total
 
Count
0
 
5
Quantity of Operating Mine
 
Sites
10
 
15
 
20
Quantity of Major Exploration
 
Sites
5
15
Major 
Exploration
 Sites
Primarily 
gold, palladium 
and
 
lithium.
6
Existing Operating
 
Mines
Primarily 
gold mines, 
and 
one palladium
 
mine.
324,000
209,000
276,000
150,000
277,000
235,000
196,000
171,000
213,000
207,000
261,000
236,000
205,000
140,000
3
7
,
000
227,000
257,000
27,000
257,000
3,000
158,000
208,000
242,000
22
7
,000
208
,000
45,000
0
2
0
0
,
0
00
40
0
,
00
0
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
Regional 
Mining
 
Overview
Northwestern 
Ontario 
Historic Active Operating Mine Production (Gold and
 
Palladium)
1,200,000
Ounces 
of 
Gold 
and
 
Palladium
2
018
 
2
019
 
2
020*
Hemlo Mine (Gold)
Rainy River Mine (Gold)
Lac des Iles Mine
 
(Palladium)
6
2016
 
2017
Red Lake Mine (Gold)
Musselwhite Mine (Gold)
Sugar 
Zone 
Mine
 
(Gold)
*2020 production value is
 
estimated.
Average 
Ounces 
of 
Palladium
Produced per
 
Year
By 
1 
current palladium
 
mine.
790,000+
Average 
Ounces 
of 
Gold Produced
per
 
Year
Between 
5 
current gold
 
mines.
200,000+
Mining 
Industry 
Stakeholder
 
Feedback
3
Top 
Interview
 
Themes
The CEDC 
is 
perceived by mining 
industry 
stakeholders 
as a 
key 
facilitator for
 
business
introductions 
and 
sharing knowledge about economic development 
opportunities and
support.
Exploration 
and 
mining companies 
will 
prefer 
to 
buy local 
if their 
supply 
chain 
staff 
are aware
of 
the 
local businesses which 
are 
qualified 
to 
deliver the 
needed supplies 
and
 
services.
There 
is an 
emerging 
opportunity 
for 
critical 
mineral processing 
and support 
directly 
within
the 
municipal 
boundaries 
of 
Thunder
 
Bay.
1
2
5
City/CEDC needs 
to 
advance 
their 
marketing 
and 
communications strategy 
to 
emphasize 
that
Thunder Bay 
is a full-service 
hub for 
Northwestern
 
Ontario.
There 
is a 
near-term great need for 
skilled 
trades 
and 
numerous types 
of 
support
 
services
roles 
as 
new mines 
are 
constructed 
and 
begin
 
operations.
4
8
8
Thunder Bay 
is 
currently receiving significant economic 
benefits due 
to 
the mining
 
industry
and is 
well perceived 
and 
positioned 
to 
benefit 
from 
the 
forecasted increase 
in mining
 
activity.
All mining companies 
are 
willing 
to 
partner with 
local 
research 
facilities 
if the opportunity
arises.
6
7
10
A 
tailored strategy 
to 
support 
local workers 
and 
Indigenous community members 
gain the job
skills along with the 
logistical 
support 
to 
get 
to 
the 
work sites 
is
 
needed.
The 
city 
of 
Thunder Bay has 
abundant 
municipal 
infrastructure 
to 
support 
growth 
in the
regional mining industry, but 
the 
broader 
northwest 
regional infrastructure has some
significant 
challenges with 
road 
and electricity
 
supply.
Extended 
timelines 
for 
permitting and 
approvals 
is 
seen 
as the 
major 
impediment
 
to
9
advancing mine
 
development.
9
Mining 
Industry 
Stakeholder
 
Feedback
Top 
Interview
 
Themes
Mining Supply 
and
 
Services
Business Development 
in Thunder 
Bay 
Business 
Type 
Focus
 
Areas
Proximity 
to
 
Mines
Local distribution
 
centers.
Transportation 
and
logistics 
services
 
(e.g.
trucking).
Equipment and
parts  
service
centers.
General mine
support  
services
(e.g.
 
security,
transportation, 
cleaning,
catering, health,
 
etc.).
Ground 
support 
materials
Workforce
 
Training
Skilled 
trades
 
training
centers.
Mining skills
 
training
centers.
Life skills and 
career
development
 
services.
Critical Minerals
Chemical processing
plants for 
critical
 
mineral
processing (e.g.
 
lithium,
graphene).
Available
 
Land
Promote 
available
commercial and
 
industrial
land available 
in the
 
city.
(e.g.
 
shotcrete).
10
10
Workforce 
Training 
and
 
Development
Northwestern 
Ontario Estimated 
20-Year 
Employment
 
Projection
8
,000
7,
0
0
0
6
,000
5
,000
4,
0
00
3
,000
2
,000
1
,
000
0
No. 
of
 
Jobs
No. 
of Existing Operations
 
Jobs
No. 
of 
New 
Operations
 
Jobs
10
3,600+
Mine
 
Operations
Jobs 
in
 
2020
Estimated for 
the 6
operating mines 
in
Northwestern
 
Ontario.
2,000+
Peak
 
Construction
Jobs 
in
 
2023
Estimated for 
the 15
major 
exploration
 
sites
in Northwestern
Ontario.
100%
Increase 
in
 
Mine
Operations
 
Jobs
Estimated 
to 
peak at
7,400+ 
total
 
positions.
7,000+
Peak 
Mining 
Jobs
between
 
2023-2028
Estimated 
jobs
 
required
for construction and
operation 
of 
new and
existing
 
mines.
Workforce 
Training 
and
 
Development
Northwestern 
Ontario Estimated Mining 
Occupation 
Distribution (Current and 
Peak
 
Levels)
2,6
25
1,
7
85
81
5
630
503
325
237
1,329
904
413
319
255
245
 
484
1,295
881
402
311
248
239
3
,000
Other
 
Occupations
Production
 
Occupations
Trades
 
Occupations
Supervisors, Coordinators, and
 
Foremen
Professional and Physical Science
 
Occupations
Technical
 
Occupations
Support
 
Workers
Human Resources 
and 
Financial
 
Occupations
0
 
1
,
000
 
2
,000
No. 
of 
Operations
 
Jobs
No. of Current Operations Jobs (2020)
No. of 
New 
Operations Jobs (2026, 2027)
No. of Peak Operations 
Jobs 
(2026,
 
2027)
12
2X
Operations 
Job Growth
Estimated around 
2026 when all six
current operating mines are still 
in
production 
and 
multiple major
exploration sites have 
converted 
to
operating mine
 
sites.
Transportation 
and Electrical
 
Infrastructure
Access 
Road
 
Requirements
M
a
j
or
27%
13
Minimal
20%
Mod
er
a
t
e
40%
N/A
13
%
Of 
the 15 exploration 
sites reviewed, 
60 
percent 
had 
minimal
or 
moderate 
access 
road 
construction requirements, 
due
mostly to their 
advantageous 
location close to 
the 
major
highway network in Northwestern 
Ontario. Sites requiring
major construction
 
include:
Access to 
the 
Ring 
of
 
Fire.
Realigning 
existing 
Highway 11 
road 
and 
electricity
infrastructure 
that is 
currently passing 
through 
the
 
site.
Construction 
of 
all-season 
roads 
to 
improve 
current 
access
restrictions 
of 
air travel 
and 
winter 
road 
only access
(Frontier 
Lithium’s 
PAK 
project, 
and 
First 
Mining 
Gold’s
Springpole 
Lake
 
project).
Transportation 
and Electrical
 
Infrastructure
Electricity 
Supply
 
Requirements
Of 
the 15 
exploration sites reviewed, 
53 
percent 
had 
minimal
or 
moderate electricity infrastructure requirements, 
due to
their 
proximity 
to nearby 
transmission 
lines. 
Sites requiring
major 
electricity 
infrastructure construction
 
include:
Multiple sites requiring over 
25 
km 
of 
new transmission
lines.
Multiple sites requiring power 
plants to be built 
due to 
lack
of 
available 
local 
transmission 
lines 
or
 
capacity.
M
a
j
or
34%
14
Mod
er
a
t
e
40%
Mini
m
a
l
13%
N/A
1
3
%
Transportation 
and Electrical
 
Infrastructure
Electricity 
Demand Projection 
– Northwestern 
Ontario 
Total
 
Impacts
0
1
0
0
2
00
3
00
400
5
00
6
00
Peak Power 
Demand
 
(MW)
Total Existing Demand of 
6
 
Mines
Total 
New 
Demand of 
15 
Exploration
 
Sites
15
180%
Estimated 
increase 
in Electricity
Demand from New Mines 
in
 
2026
Levels expected 
to 
increase 
from 
190 
MW
present day amount 
to 
over 
540 
MW.
190
 
MW
Estimated 
Current 
Operating
 
Mine
Electricity
 
Demand
Levels expected 
to 
be 
maintained until
2027.
Transportation 
and Electrical
 
Infrastructure
Electricity 
Demand Projection 
Regional
 
Impacts
Estimated Electricity
 
Demand
Growth 
in 
Red
 
Lake
From 
4 
new 
major 
exploration
 
sites.
380%
Estimated Electricity 
Demand
Growth 
in
 
Marathon-Greenstone
From 
3 
new major exploration
 
sites.
220%
80-150%
Estimated 
Electricity 
Demand
Growth 
in 
Fort 
Frances, 
Thunder
Bay 
and Northern
 
Regions
From 
6 
new 
major 
exploration
 
sites.
30
37
57
50
20
116
84
60
40
30
12
10
1
6
0
140
1
2
0
1
0
0
80
60
40
20
0
Marathon-
 
Red
 
Lake
Greenstone
Fort
F
r
a
nc
e
s
T
h
u
n
d
er
Bay
Northern
D
r
y
den
K
e
n
o
r
a
Peak 
Electricity 
Demand
 
(MW)
Future Regional Peak Demand Required 
by 
Exploration Sites
Current Regional Peak Demand of Operating
 
Mines
16
Economic
 
Impact
Projected 
Mining Output for Current Operating Mines and Major Exploration
 
Projects
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,000,000
800,000
600,000
40
0
,
00
0
200,000
0
Production
(Ounces)
Palladium Production (Oz) 
- 
Projected
Gold Production (Oz) 
- 
Projected
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,000,000
800,000
600,000
40
0
,
00
0
200,000
0
Ounces/Tonnes
Total Production 
- 
Precious Metals (Ounces)
Total Production 
- 
Other
 
(Tonnes)
Current 
Operating
 
Mines
Major
 
Exploration
17
Economic
 
Impact
Estimated 
Total 
Direct, Indirect and 
Induced 
Output for 
Northwestern
 
Ontario
$2,620
$4,370
$7,
9
40
$8
,
710
$
5
,910
$0
$
2
,
00
0
$4,000
$
6
,
00
0
$
8
,
00
0
$10,000
2
019
2
020
Average 2021 Average 2026 Average
 
2029
to
 
2030
$
Million
to 
2025
 
to
 
2028
Advanced Stage Exploration Projects 
- 
Operations
Advanced Stage Exploration Projects 
- 
Construction
Operating Mines
Economic 
Output 
is 
the 
total 
gross value 
of
goods 
and services 
produced 
by a 
given
organization, 
industry 
or 
project, measured
by 
the 
price 
paid 
to the 
producer. 
This is
the 
broadest 
measure 
of 
economic
 
activity.
Direct impacts 
are 
changes that 
occur 
in
“front-end” businesses 
that would 
initially
receive 
expenditures 
and 
operating
revenue 
as 
a 
direct 
consequence 
of 
the
operations 
and 
activities 
of 
a
 
facility.
Indirect 
impacts arise 
from 
changes in
activity for suppliers 
of 
the “front-end”
businesses.
Induced impacts 
arise 
from 
shifts in
spending on goods 
and services 
as 
a
consequence 
of 
changes 
to 
the 
payroll 
of
the 
directly 
and 
indirectly affected
businesses.
18
Strategic
 
Recommendations
19
Main Focus Areas to 
be 
Implemented throughout
 
2021
1.
The 
CEDC 
should act quickly to 
implement the 
strategic recommendations 
with 
completion targets 
by the end 
of
2021.
2.
Leverage technology 
and 
digital media 
by enhancing the CEDC 
Mining website, 
allowing ease 
of 
access to
contemporary 
information 
and facilitate the 
exchange 
of 
information 
and
 
data.
3.
Develop or 
expand 
on the CEDC 
mining readiness Marketing 
and Communications plan 
to ensure 
the 
Thunder 
Bay is
widely known as the 
node 
for facilitation, 
collaboration, 
training and 
information 
of 
mining related
 
services.
4.
Advanced 
facilitation and 
knowledge 
transfer about the 
regional 
Mining Supply and 
Services 
offerings,
 
making
prospective 
clients and 
companies aware 
of 
who’s 
in the 
region 
and able 
to 
support the 
growing mining
 
industry.
5.
Promote 
Thunder Bay as the 
Workforce 
Training 
and Development hub for 
mining sector 
and inform the education
and training associations 
of 
what types 
of 
jobs 
are 
needed in the
 
future.
6.
Improve 
the 
regional mining 
industry 
stakeholders’ 
awareness (e.g. electricity planning and infrastructure
organizations, 
exploration and 
mining companies, 
and 
provincial 
and 
federal 
government) 
of 
the 
Transportation 
and
Electrical 
Infrastructure needs 
and planned or 
in-progress
 
projects.
7.
Evaluate strategic 
incentives and 
municipal 
infrastructure priorities which incentivize Business and 
Economic
Development for the 
Mining
 
Sector.
Strategic
 
Recommendations
Estimated Implementation
 
Plan
GANTT: 
Thunder 
Bay Mining Readiness
 
Strategy
S
T
A
R
T
2021
20
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A comprehensive Mining Readiness Strategy prepared by MNP LLP for the City of Thunder Bay and the CEDC focusing on business development, supply and services, workforce training, infrastructure, economic impact, research and development, and identifying gaps and barriers in exploration and mine development in Northwestern Ontario. The report provides strategic recommendations to support the exploration and mining sector in the region.

  • Mining Readiness
  • Thunder Bay
  • Northwestern Ontario
  • Strategy
  • Economic Development

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  1. FINAL DRAFT Mining Readiness Strategy Prepared by MNP LLP for the City of Thunder Bay and the Community Economic Development Commission (CEDC) February 11, 2021 Ambassadors Northwest Suite 701, 34 Cumberland St. N. Thunder Bay, ON P7A 4L6 gotothunderbay.ca

  2. Introduction A guiding framework for the City of Thunder Bay to support the growing Northwestern Ontario mining sector The City of Thunder Bay and the Community Economic Development Commission (CEDC) engaged MNP and TBT Engineering to develop a Mining Readiness Strategy focused on regional developments over the next ten years (2020 to 2030). The report focuses primarily on: Business Business Development Development in in Supply including connecting directly with the 6 mines and 15 exploration managers, identifying indirect and induced businesses and gaps in the supply chain. Supply and and Services Services: : Maximizing exploration and mining service and supply opportunities for Thunder Bay, Workforce Workforce Training college, university and trade programs and how to address any gaps. Training and and Development Development: Develop an understanding of positions required by mines now and in the future, assess existing Transportation Transportation and Electrical 15 exploration sites. and Electrical Infrastructure Infrastructure: Identify road, port and airport access and electricity requirements and constraints for the Economic Economic Impact the 6 producing mines and 15 exploration projects. Impact of of New New and and Existing Existing Mine Mine Developments Developments for Thunder Bay for Thunder Bay: Estimate the contribution to Thunder Bay s economyby Research Research and and Development: Development: Identify potential technology advances and partnerships with local education and research centers. Identifying Identifying Gaps Gaps and and Barriers Barriers to to Exploration Exploration and and Mine Mine Development Development in in Northwestern Northwestern Ontario. Ontario. The report concludes with strategic recommendations that the CEDC can implement to support the exploration and mining sector in the City of Thunder Bay and Northwestern Ontario. 2

  3. Approach and Methodology 3

  4. Regional Mining Overview Ontario Currently the largest producer in Canada of gold, platinum group metals, and nickel. Second largest producer of copper. The value of mineral production in Ontario has consistently exceeded $10 billion since 2014, and reacheda value of $10.7 billion in 2019. Exploration expenditures between $517 to $585 million over the last three years. Estimated 26,000 direct jobs and 46,000 indirect jobs in mineral processing and mining supplyand services in Ontario. In 2020, Ontario had 40 operating mine sites (20-gold mines, 9-base metal mines 1-iron mine and 1- platinum group metalmine). 4

  5. Regional Mining Overview Northwestern Ontario Distribution of Metals by Major Exploration Sites and Active Mines Total Count 6 15 6 Existing Operating Mines Primarily gold mines, and one palladium mine. Nickel-Copper-PGE 1 Graphite 1 15 Major Exploration Sites Primarily gold, palladium andlithium. Lithium 3 Palladium 1 3 Gold 5 7 0 5 10 15 20 25 Quantity of Operating Mine Sites Quantity of Major Exploration Sites 5

  6. Regional Mining Overview Northwestern Ontario Historic Active Operating Mine Production (Gold and Palladium) 1,200,000 208,000 1,000,000 242,000 Ounces of Gold and Palladium 790,000+ Average Ounces of Gold Produced per Year 45,000 158,000 800,000 208,000 227,000 227,000 257,000 261,000 37,000 27,000 600,000 140,000 205,000 236,000 257,000 3,000 Between 5 current gold mines. 200,000+ 235,000 400,000 207,000 171,000 196,000 213,000 200,000 324,000 277,000 276,000 209,000 Average Ounces of Palladium Produced per Year 150,000 0 2016 Red Lake Mine (Gold) Musselwhite Mine (Gold) Sugar Zone Mine (Gold) 2017 2018 2019 2020* By 1 current palladium mine. Hemlo Mine (Gold) Rainy River Mine (Gold) Lac des Iles Mine (Palladium) *2020 production value is estimated. 6

  7. Mining Industry Stakeholder Feedback Top Interview Themes The CEDC is perceived by mining industry stakeholders as a key facilitator forbusiness introductions and sharing knowledge about economic development opportunities and support. 1 City/CEDC needs to advance their marketing and communications strategy to emphasize that Thunder Bay is a full-service hub for Northwestern Ontario. 2 Exploration and mining companies will prefer to buy local if their supply chain staff are aware of the local businesses which are qualified to deliver the needed supplies and services. 3 There is an emerging opportunity for critical mineral processing and support directly within the municipal boundaries of Thunder Bay. 4 There is a near-term great need for skilled trades and numerous types of support services roles as new mines are constructed and begin operations. 5 8

  8. Mining Industry Stakeholder Feedback Top Interview Themes A tailored strategy to support local workers and Indigenous community members gain the job skills along with the logistical support to get to the work sites isneeded. 6 The city of Thunder Bay has abundant municipal infrastructure to support growth in the regional mining industry, but the broader northwest regional infrastructure has some significant challenges with road and electricitysupply. 7 Thunder Bay is currently receiving significant economic benefits due to the mining industry and is well perceived and positioned to benefit from the forecasted increase in miningactivity. 8 All mining companies are willing to partner with local research facilities if the opportunity arises. 9 Extended timelines for permitting and approvals is seen as the major impedimentto advancing mine development. 10 9

  9. Mining Supply and Services Business Development in Thunder Bay Business Type Focus Areas Workforce Training Skilled trades training centers. Mining skills training centers. Life skills and career development services. Available Land Promote available commercial and industrial land available in the city. Proximity to Mines Local distribution centers. Transportation and logistics services (e.g. trucking). Equipment and parts service centers. General mine support services (e.g. security, transportation, cleaning, catering, health, etc.). Ground support materials Critical Minerals Chemical processing plants for critical mineral processing (e.g. lithium, graphene). (e.g. shotcrete). 1 0

  10. Workforce Training and Development Northwestern Ontario Estimated 20-Year Employment Projection 100% Increase in Mine Operations Jobs Estimated to peak at 7,400+ total positions. 3,600+ MineOperations Jobs in 2020 Estimated for the 6 operating mines in Northwestern Ontario. 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 No. of Jobs 4,000 7,000+ Peak Mining Jobs between 2023-2028 Estimated jobs required for construction and operation of new and existing mines. 2,000+ Peak Construction Jobs in 2023 Estimated for the 15 major explorationsites in Northwestern Ontario. 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 No. of Existing Operations Jobs No. of New Operations Jobs 10

  11. Workforce Training and Development Northwestern Ontario Estimated Mining Occupation Distribution (Current and Peak Levels) Human Resources and Financial Occupations 237 Support Workers 325 239 2X Operations Job Growth Estimated around 2026 when all six current operating mines are still in production and multiple major exploration sites have converted to operating mine sites. Technical Occupations 245484 248 Supervisors, Coordinators, and Foremen 255 503 311 319 Professional and Physical Science Occupations 630 402 Trades Occupations 413 815 881 Production Occupations 904 1,785 1,295 Other Occupations 1,329 2,625 3,000 0 1,000 No. of Operations Jobs 2,000 No. of Current Operations Jobs (2020) No. of New Operations Jobs (2026, 2027) No. of Peak Operations Jobs (2026, 2027) 12

  12. Transportation and Electrical Infrastructure Access Road Requirements Of the 15 exploration sites reviewed, 60 percent had minimal or moderate access road construction requirements, due mostly to their advantageous location close to the major highway network in Northwestern Ontario. Sites requiring major construction include: N/A 13% Major 27% Minimal 20% Access to the Ring of Fire. Realigning existing Highway 11 road and electricity infrastructure that is currently passing through the site. Moderate 40% Construction of all-season roads to improve current access restrictions of air travel and winter road only access (Frontier Lithium s PAK project, and First Mining Gold s Springpole Lake project). 13

  13. Transportation and Electrical Infrastructure Electricity Supply Requirements Of the 15 exploration sites reviewed, 53 percent had minimal or moderate electricity infrastructure requirements, due to their proximity to nearby transmission lines. Sites requiring major electricity infrastructure constructioninclude: N/A 13% Major 34% Minimal 13% Multiple sites requiring over 25 km of new transmission lines. Multiple sites requiring power plants to be built due to lack of available local transmission lines or capacity. Moderate 40% 14

  14. Transportation and Electrical Infrastructure Electricity Demand Projection Northwestern Ontario Total Impacts 600 190 MW Estimated Current Operating Mine Electricity Demand Levels expected to be maintained until 2027. 500 Peak Power Demand (MW) 400 300 180% Estimated increase in Electricity Demand from New Mines in 2026 Levels expected to increase from 190 MW present day amount to over 540 MW. 200 100 0 Total Existing Demand of 6 Mines Total New Demand of 15 Exploration Sites 15

  15. Transportation and Electrical Infrastructure Electricity Demand Projection Regional Impacts 380% Estimated Electricity Demand Growth in Marathon-Greenstone 160 140 Peak Electricity Demand (MW) From 3 new major exploration sites. 220% 120 100 116 60 80 84 Estimated ElectricityDemand Growth in Red Lake 40 60 From 4 new major exploration sites. 80-150% Estimated Electricity Demand Growth in Fort Frances, Thunder Bay and Northern Regions 40 30 57 50 20 37 30 20 12 10 0 Marathon- Red Lake Greenstone Fort Frances Thunder Bay Northern Dryden Kenora Future Regional Peak Demand Required by Exploration Sites Current Regional Peak Demand of Operating Mines From 6 new major exploration sites. 16

  16. Economic Impact Projected Mining Output for Current Operating Mines and Major Exploration Projects Current Operating Mines Major Exploration 1,400,000 1,400,000 1,200,000 1,200,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 Ounces/Tonnes 800,000 800,000 Production (Ounces) 600,000 600,000 400,000 400,000 200,000 200,000 0 0 Palladium Production (Oz) - Projected Gold Production (Oz) - Projected Total Production - Precious Metals (Ounces) Total Production - Other (Tonnes) 17

  17. Economic Impact Estimated Total Direct, Indirect and Induced Output for Northwestern Ontario Economic Output is the total gross value of goods and services produced by a given organization, industry or project, measured by the price paid to the producer. This is the broadest measure of economic activity. Direct impacts are changes that occur in front-end businesses that would initially receive expenditures and operating revenue as a direct consequence of the operations and activities of a facility. Indirect impacts arise from changes in activity for suppliers of the front-end businesses. Induced impacts arise from shifts in spending on goods and services as a consequence of changes to the payroll of the directly and indirectly affected businesses. $10,000 $8,710 $7,940 $8,000 $5,910 $6,000 $4,370 Million $4,000 $ $2,620 $2,000 $0 2019 2020 Average 2021 Average 2026 Average2029 to 2025 to 2028 to 2030 Advanced Stage Exploration Projects - Operations Advanced Stage Exploration Projects - Construction Operating Mines 18

  18. Strategic Recommendations Main Focus Areas to be Implemented throughout 2021 1. The CEDC should act quickly to implement the strategic recommendations with completion targets by the end of 2021. 2. Leverage technology and digital media by enhancing the CEDC Mining website, allowing ease of access to contemporary information and facilitate the exchange of information and data. 3. Develop or expand on the CEDC mining readiness Marketing and Communications plan to ensure the Thunder Bay is widely known as the node for facilitation, collaboration, training and information of mining related services. 4. Advanced facilitation and knowledge transfer about the regional Mining Supply and Services offerings, making prospective clients and companies aware of who s in the region and able to support the growing mining industry. 5. Promote Thunder Bay as the Workforce Training and Development hub for mining sector and inform the education and training associations of what types of jobs are needed in the future. 6. Improve the regional mining industry stakeholders awareness (e.g. electricity planning and infrastructure organizations, exploration and mining companies, and provincial and federal government) of the Transportation and Electrical Infrastructure needs and planned or in-progress projects. 7. Evaluate strategic incentives and municipal infrastructure priorities which incentivize Business and Economic Development for the Mining Sector. 19

  19. Strategic Recommendations Estimated Implementation Plan GANTT: Thunder Bay Mining Readiness Strategy START 2021 NO. ACTION DATE TIMELINE Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 1.1 2.1 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 7.1 7.2 7.3 Implement strategic actions within next 12mths Digital media and website enhancement plan Facilitate industry introductions Provide quarterly dashboardemails Case studies of successful indigenousrelations Promote Thunder Bay as a full-service community Regular government communications on mining Promote existing mining sectorsupply/services Communicate/develop critical mineralprocessing Enhance existing mining supply/servicedirectory Mining sector supply chain info on CEDC website Available vacant land info on CEDC website Gather skills gaps and current/future job data Facilitate working groups withtrainers/educators Promote mining skills, positions andtraining Provide information on localeducation/training Gather data on site infrastructure requirements Communicate infrastructure gaps andbarriers Public updates on infrastructure initiatives Prioritize updating the InternationalAirport Strategic incentives for attracting businesses Prioritize municipal infrastructure developments Develop/expand COVID-19 economic recovery 4 2 4 1 1 4 4 4 2 3 2 1 4 3 4 2 1 1 2 4 4 2 4 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 3 4 3 1 1 3 1 20

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