Mastering Sentence Structure and Punctuation

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The Beating Heart of Language
 
Sentence Structure
 
This can be a difficult area because there are so many different structure
techniques
 
There are different methods you can use to remember the main ones
 
Llamas!
 
Really lazy llamas quietly sleep on pillows
 
R
L
L
Q
S
O
P
 
Llamas!
 
Really lazy llamas quietly sleep on pillows
 
Repetition
Length
Lists
Question
Sentence type
Order
Punctuation
 
CRIPPLLLS
 
C
R
I
P
P
L
L
L
S
 
CRIPPLLLS
 
Climax
Repetition
Inversion
Parenthesis
Punctuation
Length
Lists
Links
Sentence type
 
Sentence Structure
 
To answer a question on sentence structure you should take the following
approach:
 
State the 
technique
 being used
quote
” where it being used
Explain 
why
 it has been used 
and
 
what effect 
is created (
FUNCTION
 &
EFFECT
)
Sentence Type Revision
 
Statement
A simple sentence which includes one point or one fact: eg ‘Orwell creates a
turning point in ‘A Hanging’.
Effect
: impart information / reinforce argument
Commands (Imperatives)
A sentence which includes a clear instruction: eg “Go read George Orwell’s ‘A
hanging’.
Effect
: to provoke an immediate response / reaction
Questions
Rhetorical Questions
: where there is no answer or the speaker already knows
what the answer should be: eg “We don’t kick grannies, do we?”
Effect
: provoke agreement / disagreement / humour
Minor Sentences
where there is no verb
Punctuation
 
A punctuation answer should a) identify
the punctuation, then b) state its function
and finally show its effect (the question
will guide you on this).
E
g
 
S
h
o
w
 
h
o
w
 
t
h
e
 
w
r
i
t
e
r
s
 
l
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
c
o
n
v
e
y
s
 
h
i
s
 
a
t
t
i
t
u
d
e
 
t
o
w
a
r
d
s
 
h
i
s
m
o
t
h
e
r
s
 
s
h
o
p
p
i
n
g
 
h
a
b
i
t
.
C
o
l
o
n
 
i
n
t
r
o
d
u
c
e
s
 
a
 
l
i
s
t
 
o
f
 
a
l
l
 
t
h
e
 
i
t
e
m
s
s
h
e
 
p
u
r
c
h
a
s
e
d
.
 
T
h
i
s
 
s
h
o
w
s
 
t
h
a
t
 
h
e
t
h
i
n
k
s
 
h
i
s
 
m
o
t
h
e
r
 
i
s
 
w
a
s
t
i
n
g
 
t
o
o
 
m
u
c
h
m
o
n
e
y
 
o
n
 
t
h
i
n
g
s
 
s
h
e
 
d
o
e
s
n
t
 
n
e
e
d
.
Punctuation 
Function 
Effect 
Punctuation: Revision
 
Colons: introduce
-
A list, further evidence, an illustration,
a quotation
Colons: balance
-
Two opposite ideas in the same
sentence
Semi-Colons
 (can do all the above)
-
Separate out parts of a list
Dash
-
Create a pause / dramatic pause
-
Introduces further information or
additional detail
Parenthesis
-
Created by brackets, double dashes,
commas
-
Add additional information
List
 
Lists are usually easy to
identify
-
Look for lots of semi-colons
-
Or commas
and ask yourself whether a list
is being created
However you need to think
about WHY a writer has
chosen a list and the EFFECT
of the list to his line of thought.
 
Hint – never talk about commas being used to create lists (the
Higher marker isn’t going to award marks for commenting on the
comma) talk about:  
the writer uses a list (in line 5 and 6) in
order to show that a lot of things were wrong with the shopping
centre by descrbing the many negative aspects and visible
damage… …
Repetition
 
If in a sentence structure answer you
find that you can’t comment on
punctuation or a list then consider if
words or phrases are being repeated.
This is the technique of repetition.
Once you have identified the technique
you need to identify the function of the
repetition. The most likely answers are
opposite.
Eg Repetition of “spend” to draw
attention to the fact that his mother
can not stop spending and wasting her
money.
Function 
Word Position
 
Writers like to move key words
usually to the beginning and ends of
the sentences in order to make
them stand out. This technique is
called 
inversion.
“Luminous beings are we, not this
crude matter.”
You would have expected “We are
luminous beings …” but by putting
the word ‘Luminous’ to the start of
the sentence Yoda 
draws attention
to 
one of his unique qualities.
 
The effect of inversion is to create effects including
drawing attention to something or surprise.
Sentence Length
 
Short sentences 
are usually
easy to spot – but make sure
it’s short sentences you’re
spotting not short phrases or
clauses.
Short sentences 
are usually
used either for dramatic
impact or to draw attention to
one thing.
Long sentences 
usually build
up an idea, often to a 
climax
.
Writers often like 
to
juxtapose 
a long sentence
with a short sentence to make
the short sentence stand out
by contrast.
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Delve into the intricate world of sentence structure techniques and punctuation usage through engaging visuals and mnemonic devices. Learn how to identify and apply various sentence types, commands, questions, and minor sentences. Discover the impact of different punctuation marks on conveying attitudes and organizing thoughts effectively. Enhance your writing skills by mastering the art of sentence construction and punctuation application.


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  1. The Beating Heart of Language

  2. Sentence Structure This can be a difficult area because there are so many different structure techniques There are different methods you can use to remember the main ones

  3. Llamas! Really lazy llamas quietly sleep on pillows R L L Q S O P

  4. Llamas! Really lazy llamas quietly sleep on pillows Repetition Length Lists Question Sentence type Order Punctuation

  5. CRIPPLLLS C R I P P L L L S

  6. CRIPPLLLS Climax Repetition Inversion Parenthesis Punctuation Length Lists Links Sentence type

  7. Sentence Structure To answer a question on sentence structure you should take the following approach: State the technique being used quote where it being used Explain why it has been used and what effect is created (FUNCTION & EFFECT)

  8. Sentence Type Revision Statement A simple sentence which includes one point or one fact: eg Orwell creates a turning point in A Hanging . Effect: impart information / reinforce argument Commands (Imperatives) A sentence which includes a clear instruction: eg Go read George Orwell s A hanging . Effect: to provoke an immediate response / reaction Questions Rhetorical Questions: where there is no answer or the speaker already knows what the answer should be: eg We don t kick grannies, do we? Effect: provoke agreement / disagreement / humour Minor Sentences where there is no verb

  9. Punctuation A punctuation answer should a) identify the punctuation, then b) state its function and finally show its effect (the question will guide you on this). Eg Show how the writer s language conveys his attitude towards his mother s shopping habit. Colon introduces a list of all the items she purchased. This shows that he thinks his mother is wasting too much money on things she doesn t need. Punctuation Function Effect

  10. Punctuation: Revision Colons: introduce - A list, further evidence, an illustration, a quotation Colons: balance - Two opposite ideas in the same sentence Semi-Colons (can do all the above) - Separate out parts of a list Dash - Create a pause / dramatic pause - Introduces further information or additional detail Parenthesis - Created by brackets, double dashes, commas - Add additional information

  11. List Lists are usually easy to identify - Look for lots of semi-colons - Or commas and ask yourself whether a list is being created However you need to think about WHY a writer has chosen a list and the EFFECT of the list to his line of thought. Hint never talk about commas being used to create lists (the Higher marker isn t going to award marks for commenting on the comma) talk about: the writer uses a list (in line 5 and 6) in order to show that a lot of things were wrong with the shopping centre by descrbing the many negative aspects and visible damage

  12. Repetition If in a sentence structure answer you find that you can t comment on punctuation or a list then consider if words or phrases are being repeated. This is the technique of repetition. Once you have identified the technique you need to identify the function of the repetition. The most likely answers are opposite. Eg Repetition of spend to draw attention to the fact that his mother can not stop spending and wasting her money. Function

  13. Word Position Writers like to move key words usually to the beginning and ends of the sentences in order to make them stand out. This technique is called inversion. Luminous beings are we, not this crude matter. You would have expected We are luminous beings but by putting the word Luminous to the start of the sentence Yoda draws attention to one of his unique qualities. The effect of inversion is to create effects including drawing attention to something or surprise.

  14. Sentence Length Short sentences are usually easy to spot but make sure it s short sentences you re spotting not short phrases or clauses. Short sentences are usually used either for dramatic impact or to draw attention to one thing. Long sentences usually build up an idea, often to a climax. Writers often like to juxtapose a long sentence with a short sentence to make the short sentence stand out by contrast.

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