Mastering Reported Speech and Verb Tenses
•
It is fantastic to keep an
eye on Harry. I feel like I
am with him on his trip.
•
It works in my favour
because I don’t get
constant calls asking
me how I am.
We use reported speech to report what another
person has said (be it a secret or not!!!).
We have to transform:
•
verb tenses
•
personal pronouns
•
possessive determiners
•
place and time expressions
•
demonstratives
Reported Speech
Changes:
Introductory verb
Determiners and pronouns
Verb tenses
Place / Time expressions
Word order (questions)
My parents are living here with me now.
S
h
e
s
a
i
d
t
h
a
t
h
e
r
p
a
r
e
n
t
s
w
e
r
e
l
i
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
e
w
i
t
h
h
e
r
t
h
e
n
.
O
r
d
e
r
s
/
c
o
m
m
a
n
d
s
:
He / she / they told me/ him/ her...etc.
ordered...
commanded...
I
n
t
r
o
d
u
c
t
o
r
y
v
e
r
b
s
:
S
t
a
t
e
m
e
n
t
s
:
He / she / they said that…
told me/her/us…
advised to…
announced that…
informed me/her/us… that …etc.
Q
u
e
s
t
i
o
n
s
:
He / she / they asked if / what / which / when who….
inquired
wanted to know…. etc.
Determiners and pronouns
P
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
I
/
y
o
u
h
e
/
s
h
e
w
e
/
y
o
u
t
h
e
y
m
e
/
y
o
u
h
i
m
/
h
e
r
u
s
/
y
o
u
t
h
e
m
P
o
s
s
e
s
s
i
v
e
m
y
/
y
o
u
r
h
i
s
/
h
e
r
o
u
r
/
y
o
u
r
t
h
e
i
r
m
i
n
e
/
y
o
u
r
s
h
i
s
/
h
e
r
s
o
u
r
s
/
y
o
u
r
s
t
h
e
i
r
s
D
e
m
o
n
s
t
r
a
t
i
v
e
t
h
i
s
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
s
e
t
h
o
s
e
Place expressions:
h
e
r
e
t
h
e
r
e
Time expressions:
today
on
that
day
tomorrow
on the
following
day
yesterday
the day
before
last week / month / year
a week / month / year
before
a week / month / year ago
a week / month / year
before
next
week / month / year
the
following
year
Verb tenses
present simple
past simple
present continuous
past continuous
present perfect
past perfect
present perfect continuous
past perfect continuous
l
i
v
e
l
i
v
e
d
a
m
/
i
s
/
a
r
e
l
i
v
i
n
g
.
.
.
w
a
s
/
w
e
r
e
l
i
v
i
n
g
h
a
s
/
h
a
v
e
l
i
v
e
d
h
a
d
l
i
v
e
d
h
a
s
/
h
a
v
e
b
e
e
n
l
i
v
i
n
g
h
a
d
b
e
e
n
l
i
v
i
n
g
p
a
s
t
s
i
m
p
l
e
p
a
s
t
p
e
r
f
e
c
t
p
a
s
t
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
o
u
s
past perfect
=
p
a
s
t
p
e
r
f
e
c
t
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
o
u
s
=
future simple
conditional simple
m
o
d
a
l
v
e
r
b
s
:
c
a
n
c
o
u
l
d
m
a
y
m
i
g
h
t
s
h
a
l
l
s
h
o
u
l
d
w
i
l
l
w
o
u
l
d
m
u
s
t
h
a
d
t
o
l
i
v
e
d
h
a
d
l
i
v
e
d
h
a
d
l
i
v
e
d
h
a
d
l
i
v
e
d
=
h
a
d
b
e
e
n
l
i
v
i
n
g
w
i
l
l
l
i
v
e
w
o
u
l
d
l
i
v
e
H
e
s
a
i
d
h
i
s
d
a
u
g
h
t
e
r
w
a
s
i
n
t
h
a
t
h
o
s
p
i
t
a
l
.
H
e
t
o
l
d
u
s
t
h
a
t
h
i
s
d
a
u
g
h
t
e
r
h
a
d
h
a
d
a
b
a
b
y
g
i
r
l
.
H
e
s
a
i
d
t
h
a
t
s
h
e
h
a
d
b
e
e
n
s
l
e
e
p
i
n
g
t
h
e
w
h
o
l
e
a
f
t
e
r
n
o
o
n
.
H
e
s
a
i
d
t
h
a
t
h
e
d
i
d
n
’
t
w
a
n
t
t
o
g
o
t
o
t
h
e
c
i
n
e
m
a
w
i
t
h
h
e
r
b
e
c
a
u
s
e
h
e
h
a
d
s
e
e
n
t
h
a
t
f
i
l
m
t
h
e
w
e
e
k
b
e
f
o
r
e
.
I don’t want to go to the cinema with you because I saw that film last
week.
H
e
a
n
n
o
u
n
c
e
d
t
h
a
t
N
o
r
a
a
n
d
J
i
m
w
e
r
e
g
e
t
t
i
n
g
m
a
r
r
i
e
d
t
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
m
o
n
t
h
.
My daughter is in this hospital.
My daughter has had a baby girl.
Nora and Jim are getting married next month.
She has been sleeping the whole afternoon.
Exercises:
Q
u
e
s
t
i
o
n
s
:
I
s
i
t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
?
H
e
a
s
k
e
d
i
f
i
t
w
a
s
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
.
W
h
e
r
e
d
o
e
s
h
e
l
i
v
e
?
H
e
i
n
q
u
i
r
e
d
w
h
e
r
e
h
e
l
i
v
e
d
.
W
h
e
n
d
i
d
t
h
e
y
g
e
t
m
a
r
r
i
e
d
?
H
e
a
s
k
e
d
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
y
h
a
d
g
o
t
m
a
r
r
i
e
d
.
1.
Are you married?
H
e
a
s
k
e
d
h
o
w
l
o
n
g
t
h
e
y
h
a
d
b
e
e
n
m
a
r
r
i
e
d
.
H
e
a
s
k
e
d
i
f
s
h
e
w
a
s
m
a
r
r
i
e
d
.
2. How long have they been married
?
3.
Did you arrest anyone yesterday?
H
e
a
s
k
e
d
i
f
h
e
h
a
d
a
r
r
e
s
t
e
d
a
n
y
o
n
e
t
h
e
d
a
y
b
e
f
o
r
e
.
4. Where will you go on holiday next summer?
H
e
a
s
k
e
d
w
h
e
r
e
h
e
w
o
u
l
d
g
o
o
n
h
o
l
i
d
a
y
t
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
s
u
m
m
e
r
.
C
o
m
m
a
n
d
s
:
S
t
a
y
i
n
b
e
d
f
o
r
a
f
e
w
d
a
y
s
!
T
h
e
d
o
c
t
o
r
t
o
l
d
h
e
r
t
o
s
t
a
y
i
n
b
e
d
f
o
r
a
f
e
w
d
a
y
s
.
D
o
n
’
t
d
r
i
n
k
a
n
y
t
h
i
n
g
c
o
l
d
.
T
h
e
d
o
c
t
o
r
t
o
l
d
h
e
r
n
o
t
t
o
d
r
i
n
k
a
n
y
t
h
i
n
g
c
o
l
d
.
1
.
Don’t
wait
for
me
if
I’m
late
.
Ann
told
her
parents
not
to
wait
for
her
if
she
was
late
.
2
.
Shut
the
door
but
don’t
lock
it
!
She
told
them
to
shut
the
door
but
not
to
lock
it
.
3
.
Don’t
tell
anyone
what
happened
.
She
asked
him
not
to
tell
anyone
what
had
happened
.
invited
complained
agreed
refused
ordered
denied
suggested
insisted
accused
N
e
v
e
r
!
I
’
l
l
n
e
v
e
r
d
o
t
h
a
t
!
S
t
e
p
a
s
i
d
e
,
p
l
e
a
s
e
!
I
c
a
n
’
t
s
t
a
n
d
t
h
i
s
s
i
t
u
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
y
l
o
n
g
e
r
.
W
e
’
r
e
g
i
v
i
n
g
a
p
a
r
t
y
t
o
n
i
g
h
t
.
D
o
y
o
u
w
a
n
t
t
o
c
o
m
e
?
O
k
!
I
’
l
l
b
e
t
h
e
r
e
a
t
8
p
.
m
.
I
k
n
o
w
i
t
’
s
l
a
t
e
b
u
t
I
r
e
a
l
l
y
m
u
s
t
s
e
e
h
i
m
.
L
e
t
’
s
g
o
t
h
e
c
i
n
e
m
a
t
o
n
i
g
h
t
.
Y
o
u
’
r
e
a
l
i
a
r
,
y
o
u
k
n
o
w
!
T
h
a
t
’
s
n
o
t
t
r
u
e
!
I
d
i
d
n
’
t
t
e
l
l
y
o
u
r
s
e
c
r
e
t
.
H
e
c
o
m
p
l
a
i
n
e
d
t
h
a
t
h
e
c
o
u
l
d
n
’
t
s
t
a
n
d
t
h
a
t
s
i
t
u
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
y
l
o
n
g
e
r
.
H
e
i
n
v
i
t
e
d
h
e
r
t
o
a
p
a
r
t
y
t
h
a
t
n
i
g
h
t
.
H
e
a
g
r
e
e
d
t
o
b
e
t
h
e
r
e
a
t
8
p
.
m
.
H
e
r
e
f
u
s
e
d
t
o
d
o
t
h
a
t
!
H
e
o
r
d
e
r
e
d
h
e
r
t
o
s
t
e
p
a
s
i
d
e
.
S
h
e
i
n
s
i
s
t
e
d
o
n
s
e
e
i
n
g
h
i
m
t
h
a
t
n
i
g
h
t
a
l
t
h
o
u
g
h
i
t
w
a
s
l
a
t
e
.
S
h
e
s
u
g
g
e
s
t
e
d
g
o
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
i
n
e
m
a
t
h
a
t
n
i
g
h
t
.
S
h
e
a
c
c
u
s
e
d
h
i
m
o
f
b
e
i
n
g
a
l
i
a
r
.
S
h
e
d
e
n
i
e
d
h
a
v
i
n
g
t
o
l
d
h
i
s
s
e
c
r
e
t
.
Explore the intricacies of reported speech and verb tenses through detailed explanations and examples. From transforming verb tenses to adjusting personal pronouns, delve into the nuances of grammar for effective communication.
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Presentation Transcript
Reporting It works in my favour because I don t get constant calls asking me how I am. It is fantastic to keep an eye on Harry. I feel like I am with him on his trip.
Reported speech We use reported speech to report what another person has said (be it a secret or not!!!). We have to transform: verb tenses personal pronouns possessive determiners place and time expressions demonstratives
Reported Speech My parents are living here with me now. Changes: Introductory verb Determiners and pronouns Verb tenses She said that her living living there there with her her parents were her then were Place / Time expressions then. Word order (questions)
Introductory verbs: Introductory verbs: Statements: Statements: He / she / they said that told me/her/us advised to announced that informed me/her/us that etc. Questions: Questions: He / she / they asked if / what / which / when who . inquired wanted to know . etc. Orders/commands: Orders/commands: He / she / they told me/ him/ her...etc. ordered... commanded...
Determiners and pronouns Personal Personal I / you I / you we / you we / you he / she he / she they they me / you me / you us /you us /you him / her him / her them them Possessive Possessive my /your my /your our / your our / your his / her his / her their their mine/ yours mine/ yours ours/ yours ours/ yours his / hers his / hers theirs theirs Demonstrative Demonstrative this this these these that those those that
Place expressions: here here there there Time expressions: today tomorrow yesterday last week / month / year a week / month / year before a week / month / year ago a week / month / year before next week / month / year the following year on that day on the following day the day before
Verb tenses lived lived present simple past simple present continuous past continuous am am / / is is / are live live was was / / were / are living living... ... were living living present perfect past perfect had had lived h has / as /have have lived lived lived present perfect continuous past perfect continuous h has / as /have have been been living had had been living been living living
past simple past perfect lived lived had had lived lived was was / / were had had lived were living lived = = had living or or had had had lived had been been living had been been living lived living living past continuous past perfect = past perfect continuous = future simple conditional simple modal verbs: would would live will will live live live can could may might shall should will would would must had could might should had to to
My daughter is in this hospital. He said his daughter was in that hospital. My daughter has had a baby girl. Exercises: He told us that his daughter had had a baby girl. She has been sleeping the whole afternoon. He said that she had been sleeping the whole afternoon. Nora and Jim are getting married next month. He announced that Nora and Jim were getting married the following month. I don t want to go to the cinema with you because I saw that film last week. He said that he didn t want to go to the cinema with her because he had seen that film the week before.
Questions: Is it raining? He asked if it was raining. Where does he live? He inquired where he lived. When did they get married? He asked when they had got married. 1. Are you married? He asked if she was married. 2. How long have they been married? He asked how long they had been married. 3. Did you arrest anyone yesterday? He asked if he had arrested anyone the day before. 4. Where will you go on holiday next summer? He asked where he would go on holiday the following summer.
Commands: Stay in bed for a few days! The doctor told her to stay in bed for a few days. Don t drink anything cold. The doctor told her not to drink anything cold. 1. Don t wait for me if I m late. Ann told her parents not to wait for her if she was late. 2. Shut the door but don t lock it! She told them to shut the door but not to lock it. 3. Don t tell anyone what happened. She asked him not to tell anyone what had happened.
Never! Ill never do that! Step aside, please! I can t stand this situation any longer. We re giving a party tonight. Do you want to come? Ok! I ll be there at 8 p.m. invited complained agreed refused ordered denied suggested insisted accused I know it s late but I really must see him. Let s go the cinema tonight. You re a liar, you know! That s not true! I didn t tell your secret.
He complained that he couldnt stand that situation any longer. He invited her to a party that night. He agreed to be there at 8 p.m. He refused to do that! He ordered her to step aside. She insisted on seeing him that night although it was late. She suggested going the cinema that night. She accused him of being a liar. She denied having told his secret.
