Mastering Paraphrasing and Summarizing Techniques

ELS - Writing
Lecture 5: Part 2 – Paraphrase and Summary writing
(by means of different sentence types)
1
Schedule today
Finish up last week’s exercises
Paraphrase
 and 
Summary 
Writing:
   1) Paraphrase
   2) Summary
2
2
Paraphrase & Summary
exercises
Paraphrase
 a single paragraph from the ROSA
PARKS essay.
Summarize
 (with the basic triangle structure) the
essay of ROSA PARKS
Topic
sentence
Supporting
details
Concluding remark
3
Paraphrase
Paraphrase:
 - own rendition of someone else’s words – you
rewrite information 
from an outside source in your
own words without changing the meaning. It
should be shorter than the original.
4
4
Paraphrase exercise 1
5
Paraphrase exercise 1
Questions:
1.
How many sentences are there in the original passage? In the
paraphrase?
2.
Compare the original passage and the paraphrase sentence
by sentence. Analyze how the 
sentence structure 
and 
words
differ by answering the following questions:
       A. What is the first word of the first sentence in the original
passage? Where does this word appear in the first sentence of the
paraphrase?
       B. What is the first word of the second sentence in the original
passage? What word replaces it in the second sentence of the
paraphrase?
6
C.
What words replace “have dreamed of” in the
third sentence? What word replaces
“arguments in favor of” in the fourth sentence?
D.
Which sentence in the original becomes two
sentences in the paraphrase?
E.
Can you identify different 
sentence types 
used
in the paraphrase?
Paraphrase exercise 1
7
7
How to write a good
paraphrase?
There are three keys to writing a good
paraphrase:
1.
Use your own words and your own sentence
structure (short – long)
2.
Make your paraphrase a bit shorter than the
original
3.
Do not change the meaning of the original
8
8
You can write a good
paraphrase if you follow
these steps:
Step 1: read the original passage several times until you understand
it fully. Look up unfamiliar words, and find synonyms for them.
Step 2: set the original apart and write your own paraphrase
Step 3: Write a key – word (like a title) that indicates the subject of
your paraphrase
Step 4: Check your wording with the original – make sure that your
version accurately represents the meaning of the original.
Step 4: Use quotation marks to indicate unique terms and
phraseology used by the original author
Step 5: Record the source
9
9
Paraphrase: Exercise 2
See handout WEEK 5
10
What do we need
paraphrasing for?
 
PARAGRAPH STRUCTURE
Supporting details
The purpose is to be able to use
Paraphrases as supporting
material in your writing.
11
11
Example original passage…
12
…as a paraphrase in the
completed paragraph
13
Summary
Only the main points are borrowed from the
original author/text-producer
SIGNIFICANTLY
 shorter
Leave out the details (so 
not detail-oriented
)
14
14
How to write a good
summary?
There are three keys to writing a good summary:
1)
Use your own words and own sentence
structures (short – long)
2)
Include only the main points and leave out
most of the details.
3)
Do not change the meaning of the original.
15
15
Summary: exercise 1
See handout:
Read the original passage and the two
summaries that follow it. Then answer the
following questions:
1)
Which of the two is the better summary? Why?
2)
Can you identify different 
sentence types
?
3)
Which summary contains an idea that was not
in the original? Which sentence expresses that
idea?
16
16
Summary: exercise 2
 
Write your own summary
based on the example of
the next slide
17
17
Summary: exercise 2
18
The differences
The original passage:
Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result they
overuse quotations in the final [research] paper. Probably only about 10% of your
final manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should
strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source materials while taking
notes. Lester, James D. 
Writing Research Papers
. 2nd ed. (1976): 46-47.
A legitimate paraphrase:
In research papers students often quote excessively, failing to keep quoted material
down to a desirable level. Since the problem usually originates during note taking, it
is essential to minimize the material recorded verbatim (Lester 46-47).
An acceptable summary:
Students should take just a few notes in direct quotation from sources to help
minimize the amount of quoted material in a research paper (Lester 46-47).
19
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Learn the art of paraphrasing and summarizing by practicing with exercises on rewriting passages from Rosa Parks' essay in your own words. Understand the nuances of sentence structure, word choices, and sentence types to create effective paraphrases. Discover key tips for writing a good paraphrase, such as using original words, shortening the text, and maintaining the original meaning. Follow step-by-step instructions to improve your paraphrasing skills.

  • Paraphrasing
  • Summarizing
  • Writing Techniques
  • Practice Exercises
  • Language Skills

Uploaded on Apr 18, 2024 | 7 Views


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  1. ELS - Writing Lecture 5: Part 2 Paraphrase and Summary writing (by means of different sentence types) 1

  2. 2 Schedule today Finish up last week s exercises Paraphrase and Summary Writing: 1) Paraphrase 2) Summary 2

  3. 3 Paraphrase & Summary exercises Paraphrase a single paragraph from the ROSA PARKS essay. Summarize (with the basic triangle structure) the essay of ROSA PARKS Topic sentence Supporting details Concluding remark

  4. 4 Paraphrase Paraphrase: - own rendition of someone else s words you rewrite information from an outside source in your own words without changing the meaning. It should be shorter than the original. 4

  5. 5 Paraphrase exercise 1

  6. 6 Paraphrase exercise 1 Questions: 1. How many sentences are there in the original passage? In the paraphrase? 2. Compare the original passage and the paraphrase sentence by sentence. Analyze how the sentence structure and words differ by answering the following questions: passage? Where does this word appear in the first sentence of the paraphrase? A. What is the first word of the first sentence in the original passage? What word replaces it in the second sentence of the paraphrase? B. What is the first word of the second sentence in the original

  7. 7 Paraphrase exercise 1 C. What words replace have dreamed of in the third sentence? What word replaces arguments in favor of in the fourth sentence? D. Which sentence in the original becomes two sentences in the paraphrase? E. Can you identify different sentence types used in the paraphrase? 7

  8. 8 How to write a good paraphrase? There are three keys to writing a good paraphrase: 1. Use your own words and your own sentence structure (short long) 2. Make your paraphrase a bit shorter than the original 3. Do not change the meaning of the original 8

  9. You can write a good paraphrase if you follow these steps: 9 Step 1: read the original passage several times until you understand it fully. Look up unfamiliar words, and find synonyms for them. Step 2: set the original apart and write your own paraphrase Step 3: Write a key word (like a title) that indicates the subject of your paraphrase Step 4: Check your wording with the original make sure that your version accurately represents the meaning of the original. Step 4: Use quotation marks to indicate unique terms and phraseology used by the original author Step 5: Record the source 9

  10. 10 Paraphrase: Exercise 2 See handout WEEK 5

  11. 11 What do we need paraphrasing for? PARAGRAPH STRUCTURE The purpose is to be able to use Paraphrases as supporting material in your writing. Supporting details 11

  12. 12 Example original passage

  13. 13 as a paraphrase in the completed paragraph

  14. 14 Summary Only the main points are borrowed from the original author/text-producer SIGNIFICANTLY shorter Leave out the details (so not detail-oriented) 14

  15. 15 How to write a good summary? There are three keys to writing a good summary: 1) Use your own words and own sentence structures (short long) 2) Include only the main points and leave out most of the details. 3) Do not change the meaning of the original. 15

  16. 16 Summary: exercise 1 See handout: Read the original passage and the two summaries that follow it. Then answer the following questions: 1) Which of the two is the better summary? Why? 2) Can you identify different sentence types? 3) Which summary contains an idea that was not in the original? Which sentence expresses that idea? 16

  17. 17 Summary: exercise 2 Write your own summary based on the example of the next slide 17

  18. 18 Summary: exercise 2

  19. 19 The differences The original passage: Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the final [research] paper. Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source materials while taking notes. Lester, James D. Writing Research Papers. 2nd ed. (1976): 46-47. A legitimate paraphrase: In research papers students often quote excessively, failing to keep quoted material down to a desirable level. Since the problem usually originates during note taking, it is essential to minimize the material recorded verbatim (Lester 46-47). An acceptable summary: Students should take just a few notes in direct quotation from sources to help minimize the amount of quoted material in a research paper (Lester 46-47).

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