Mastering Le Passé Composé: French Verb Conjugation Guide
Understand how to form and use Le Passé Composé in French with this comprehensive guide. Learn about subject-verb agreement, irregular past participles, verbs using "être," and more. Enhance your French language skills and confidently express past actions.
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Format Subj + Helping Verb + Past Participle Helping Verb: avoir or tre avoir J ai Nous avons Tu as Vous avez Il/Elle a Ils/Elles ont Il/elle est Ils/Elles sont tre (only with certain verbs!) Je suis Nous sommes Tu es Vous tes
To get the Past Participle: Take off the ending of the action verb you are using and replace with the following: - er - - ir - i - re - u Ex: parler parl Ex: finir fini Ex: perdre perdu
Common Irregular Past Participles avoir tre faire mettre prendre voir eu t fait mis pris vu
Now put it together! Ex: J ai parl . I spoke. Ex: Tu as perdu le match. You lost the game. Ex: Elles ont mang . They ate.
And the verbs that use tre? There are 17 verbs (for now, anyway) that use tre as their helping verb. They are called Dr Mrs Vandertrampp verbs (it s an acronym) There are 5 irregular past participles in the list.They are underlined.
D evenir to become / devenu R evenir to come again/ revenu M onter to go up/to get on R ester to stay S ortir to go out V enir to come/ venu A ller to go N a tre to be born/ n
D escendre to go down/to get down E ntrer to enter R entrer to return (home) T omber to fall R etourner to go back A rriver to arrive M ourir to die/ mort P asser to pass (by) P artir to leave
Not quite done If you use tre as your helping verb because you are using a Dr Mrs Vandertrampp verb, you must have Subject/Verb agreement. Add these to the end of the past participle. masculine feminine masculine plural feminine plural ---- -e -s -es
Now put it together! Ex: Je suis all au magasin. I went to the store. (And I am a dude.) Ex: Elles sont sorties. They went out. (the girls) *Vous and Nous forms will always be mpl.
Now: avoir or tre? Step 1: Look at your verb. Is it DRMRSV? no use avoir yes use tre Step 2: Look at your subject: Conjugate Helping Verb Step 3: Look at your verb again. Is it irregular? no find PP yes put irregular PP Step 4: Look at your verb again. Is it DRMRSV? no you re done! Yes add agreement
Negation Format: Subj + ne(n ) + Helping Verb + pas + Past Participle ne and pas will hug the helping verb. use n if your helping verb begins with a vowel. Ex: Je n ai pas mang . I didn t eat.
Negation with jamais d j ever, already ne jamais never Ex: Est-ce que tu as d j mang des escargots? - Have you ever eaten snails? Ex: Non, Je n ai jamais mang des escargots. - No, I have never eaten snails.
More negation quelque chose something Ne rien nothing Ex: Tu as entendu quelque chose? Did you hear something? Ex: Non, je n ai rien entendu. No, I heard nothing.
quelquun someone/somebody ne personne no one/nobody DOES NOT FOLLOW THE SAME RULE! Ex: Je n ai vu personne. I saw no one. (I didn t see anyone.) Personne will come after the past participle.
