Magnetic Forces on Silver Atoms
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Dr. J P Singh
Associate Professor in Physics
PGGC – 11 Chandigarh
A narrow beam of silver atoms was produced by
heating silver in an oven and collimating the atoms
that emerged from the oven.
The beam passed through an inhomogeneous
magnetic field resulting in a force on the atomic
magnetic moments.
South Pole
South Pole
North Pole
Net
force
Net
force
N
S
N
S
A magnetic dipole moment may be represented as a
magnet as shown in the diagram. In an inhomogeneous
magnetic field the magnet will experience a net force as
well as a net torque.
The direction of the net force depends on the
orientation of the dipole moment m in the
inhomogeneous magnetic field B.
The potential energy U is given by
If the magnetic field is in the z-
direction, the force is given by
If l is length in magnetic field, time
taken t = l/v, therefore displaced
along z-direction is
According to maxwell’s law of velocities
This gives maximum displacement of the silver atoms at
the centre as shown in figure.
If there is no magnetic field or uniform magnetic field i.e.
then z = 0. Hence no displacement along z-direction. And
there is straight line shown in figure.
If there is a non uniform magnetic field, the atomic
magnets (silver atoms) will be displaced from the path
along z-axis depending upon their orientations (value of
θ
) and hence produce a trace on the plate as shown in
figure.
While this was clear evidence of space quantisation.
In non
uniform
magnetic
field
In the absence of magnetc
field or in uniform
magnetic field
The effects of inhomogeneous magnetic fields on a beam of silver atoms in physics experiments. Learn about magnetic dipole moments and displacement dynamics, and witness space quantization evidence through atomic magnet displacement. Maxwell's law of velocities is also discussed. Discover the fascinating interactions between atomic magnets and magnetic fields.
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Presentation Transcript
Dr. J P Singh Associate Professor in Physics PGGC 11 Chandigarh
A narrow beam of silver atoms was produced by heating silver in an oven and collimating the atoms that emerged from the oven. The beam passed through an inhomogeneous magnetic field resulting in a force on the atomic magnetic moments.
A magnetic dipole moment may be represented as a magnet as shown in the diagram. In an inhomogeneous magnetic field the magnet will experience a net force as well as a net torque. orientation of the dipole moment m in the inhomogeneous magnetic field B. The potential energy U is given by cos . B B U = = The direction of the net force depends on the South Pole South Pole Net force If the magnetic field is in the z- direction, the force is given by dU Fz cos = = Net force N S S N cos F dB dB = = z a North Pole M M dz dz dz If l is length in magnetic field, time taken t = l/v, therefore displaced along z-direction is M 2 2 2 2 1 1 cos cos dB l l 2 dB 2 = = = . z at 2 2 dz dz v Mv
/ 1 2 3 kT According to maxwell s law of velocities = v M 2 2 cos cos l dB l dB = = z kT 3 6 dz kT dz 2 . M M This gives maximum displacement of the silver atoms at the centre as shown in figure. If there is no magnetic field or uniform magnetic field i.e. then z = 0. Hence no displacement along z-direction. And there is straight line shown in figure. If there is a non uniform magnetic field, the atomic magnets (silver atoms) will be displaced from the path along z-axis depending upon their orientations (value of ) and hence produce a trace on the plate as shown in figure. While this was clear evidence of space quantisation. dB = 0 dz
In the absence of magnetc field or in uniform magnetic field In non uniform magnetic
