Lipids
The process of lipid digestion and transportation is essential for maintaining a healthy body. This involves mechanical and chemical digestion, emulsification of lipids by bile acids, types of lipases involved in chemical digestion, hydrolysis by pancreatic lipase, lipid transport across membranes, and the role of various organs and systems in lipid metabolism. The provided images depict the intricate processes involved in lipid digestion, absorption, and transportation within the body, highlighting the importance of proper lipid metabolism for overall health and well-being.
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Presentation Transcript
Lipids Digestion and Transportation
Digestion Mechanical Chemical Figure from: Anatomy and Physiology by Rice University
Bile Acids Emulsify Lipids TAGS from Diet Figure modified from: Frank Boumphrey, MD
Dietary lipids Triacylglycerides (TAGS) Cholesterol Figure from: Boris, TM Structure by: Wolfgang Schaefer Cholesterol Esters Figure from: Edgar181
Chemical Digestion of Lipids Types of Lipases Pancreatic Lipases Bile Salt-stimulated Lipase (BSSL) Hormone-sensitive Lipase (LIPE) Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MAGL) Image from: Protopedia
Hydrolysis by Pancreatic Lipase Pancreatic Lipase + H2O Figure modified from: Ju
Lipid Digestion and Transportation Skeletal and Heart Muscle Remnant Recycling/Clearance Adipocytes Liver Pancreas Gall Bladder Lymph System Lipases + Bile Acids Chylomicrons Blood Stream Lipids from food Colon Excretion Small Intestine Emulsified Fat Droplets Images from Smart Servier Medical Art
Lipid Tranport Across the Membrane MAG + H2O FFA Intestinal lumen Lipase Cytoplasm CD36 FATP Other Flippases? Diffusion? FABP FABP FABP FABP FABP 1 TAG Assembly Chylomicron Formation TF 2 -oxidation 3 ER Gene Expression Nucleus Mitochondria Figure modified from Yan, A., et al (2016) In J Biol Sci 12(12):1544-1554 , Truthortruth, and Smart Servier Medical Art
Lipid Tranport Across the Membrane MAG + H2O FFA Intestinal lumen Lipase Cytoplasm CD36 FATP Other Flippases? Diffusion? FABP FABP FABP FABP FABP 1 TAG Assembly Chylomicron Formation TF 2 -oxidation 3 ER Gene Expression Nucleus Mitochondria Figure modified from Yan, A., et al (2016) In J Biol Sci 12(12):1544-1554 , Truthortruth, and Smart Servier Medical Art
Lipid Tranport Across the Membrane MAG + H2O FFA Intestinal lumen Lipase Cytoplasm CD36 FATP Other Flippases? Diffusion? FABP FABP FABP FABP FABP 1 TAG Assembly Chylomicron Formation TF 2 -oxidation 3 ER Gene Expression Nucleus Mitochondria Figure modified from Yan, A., et al (2016) In J Biol Sci 12(12):1544-1554 , Truthortruth, and Smart Servier Medical Art
Lipid Tranport Across the Membrane MAG + H2O FFA Intestinal lumen Lipase Cytoplasm CD36 FATP Other Flippases? Diffusion? FABP FABP FABP FABP FABP 1 TAG Assembly Chylomicron Formation TF 2 -oxidation 3 ER Gene Expression Nucleus Mitochondria Figure modified from Yan, A., et al (2016) In J Biol Sci 12(12):1544-1554 , Truthortruth, and Smart Servier Medical Art
Lipid Packaging and Transport To Lymph System Apo-B48 Secretory Vesicle ER Golgi Figure modified from: Smart Servier Medical Art
Chylomicron Release Causes Hormone Signaling Enteroendocrine Cell Figure modified from Psichas, A., et al. (2017) Diabetologia 60:2475-2485
Lipid Digestion and Transportation Skeletal and Heart Muscle Remnant Recycling/Clearance Adipocytes Liver Pancreas Gall Bladder Lymph System Lipases + Bile Acids Chylomicrons Blood Stream Lipids from food Colon Excretion Small Intestine Emulsified Fat Droplets Images from Smart Servier Medical Art
Lipoprotein Particles Figure from: Feinglold, K.R. and Grunfeld, C. (2018) Entotext
TAG and Cholesterol Structures Triacylglycerides (TAGS) Cholesterol Figure from: Boris, TM Structure by: Wolfgang Schaefer Cholesterol Esters Figure from: Edgar181
Lipoprotein particles ULDL Figure modified from: Su, X., et al. (2019) Lipids in Health and Disease 18:134
Lipoprotein Particles Table from: Feinglold, K.R. and Grunfeld, C. (2018) Entotext
HDL vs LDL and Atherosclerosis HDL Atherosclerotic Plaque LDL Figure modified from: BruceBlaus
Healthy Lipid Profile Test Desired Level Total Cholesterol Under 200 mg/dL LDL (bad) cholesterol Under 100 mg/dL HDL (good) cholesterol Over 60 mg/dL Triglycerides Under 150 mg/dL C-Reactive Protein (CRP) standard test Under 10 mg/L C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) high sensitivity Under 2 mg/L (low risk for cardiovascular event)
C-Reactive Protein Figure by: Awahar Swaminathan and MSD staff at the European Bioinformatics Institute
