Irrigation Crop ET Estimates: Workshop Insights

Calibration for Historical
Crop ET Estimates – A Process
Ivan A. Walter, P.E.
Ivan’s Engineering, Inc.
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION WORKSHOP
3/12/2010
1
Ivan A. Walter, P.E.
Kc  ETstzd    vs    SCS BC
n
Kc  ET
stzd 
is more accurate than SCS BC
–
Kc  -- Generate from measurement at known sites
–
Kc  -- Transferrable
–
ET
stzd
 – ET professional & researchers have
accepted
–
SCS BC – Crop Coefficients derived where???
–
SCS BC – Requires local calibration
3/12/2010
2
Ivan A. Walter, P.E.
Why Isn’t Kc ET
stzd 
Used
n
Answers to “Why not?”
–
SCS BC is well accepted in Colo.
Water Court.
–
Do not have the data for ET
stzd
–
Do not have the Kc’s
3/12/2010
3
Ivan A. Walter, P.E.
What is Desirable Result
n
Just some number for ETc
n
Accurate  daily Temp, Rs, U, & Rh
n
Accurate daily ET
rs
 & ET
os
n
Accurate monthly ET
rs
 & ET
os
n
Excel files & Programs for analysis
3/12/2010
4
Ivan A. Walter, P.E.
Criteria  (ASCE Task Committee)
n
Understandable
n
Defensible
n
Simplification without loss of accuracy
n
Based on & Traceable to Experimental
Data
3/12/2010
5
Ivan A. Walter, P.E.
3/12/2010
Ivan A. Walter, P.E.
6
3/12/2010
Ivan A. Walter, P.E.
7
3/12/2010
Ivan A. Walter, P.E.
8
Raw Data >>>>>> ETc
n
Download data from Web site
n
QC the data – Select good data
n
Calc  ET
rs
, ET
os
, and ET
Hrgv
n
Calibration Calc’s with good data
n
COEF
Hgrv
  x  ET
Hrgv 
= ET
rs
n
COEF1
Hgrv
  x  ET
Hrgv 
= ET
os
3/12/2010
9
Ivan A. Walter, P.E.
Begin Here
Standardized Reference ET Equation:
3/12/2010
10
Ivan A. Walter, P.E.
Begin Here w/ Data from Web
3/12/2010
11
Ivan A. Walter, P.E.
Calculate & Analyze & Compare
Standardized Reference ET Equation:
3/12/2010
12
Ivan A. Walter, P.E.
1985 Hargreaves Equation:
Final Product
n
Standardized Reference ET values
–
Short Crop:   
 
ETos
–
Tall Crop:  
 
ETrs
–
Daily values
3/12/2010
13
Ivan A. Walter, P.E.
Step 1:  XXX COAG.xls
n
Download data from COAGMet site
n
QC the data
–
Identify the Good Data
–
Fix small gaps & errors
–
Throw out everything else
3/12/2010
14
Ivan A. Walter, P.E.
Step 2:  ColCrbt2.exe   --  Application
n
Input data from XXX COAG.xls
–
Text file   XXXEtrData.prn
n
Calculates Reference ET  (daily)
–
ETrs
–
ASCE PM Etr, 1982 Kimberly Penman ETr
–
ETos
–
ASCE PM ETo, Hargreaves ETo
3/12/2010
15
Ivan A. Walter, P.E.
Step 3:  Colcrbt2.exe  --  Results
n
Linear Regression Analysis (daily)
n
Zero intercept
n
Monthly Ratio:  ET
rs
  to  ET
Hgrv
n
Monthly Ratio: ET
os
  to ET
Hgrv
n
Monthly Ratio: ET
rs
  to  ET
os
n
Regression Coef & SEE
3/12/2010
16
Ivan A. Walter, P.E.
Step 3 Results: Ratio  ET
rs
 :  ET
Hrgv
3/12/2010
Ivan A. Walter, P.E.
17
Results @ Center: Ratio  ET
rs
 :  ET
Hrgv
3/12/2010
Ivan A. Walter, P.E.
18
Step 3 Results:  Ratio  ET
os
 :  ET
Hrgv
3/12/2010
Ivan A. Walter, P.E.
19
Step 4:  ETRETOH 2.exe
n
Calculate ET
rs
 & ET
os
 using ET
Hgrv
n
Input File
–
DataT&P.prn  from XXX COAG.xls
n
Latitude, Tmax, Tmin, Tavg
–
COEFHRGV.dat
n
Monthly Coefficient all Station (15 max.)
3/12/2010
20
Ivan A. Walter, P.E.
Step 4:  COEFHGRV.dat
 
3/12/2010
21
Ivan A. Walter, P.E.
Step 4:  ETRETOH 2.exe
n
Calculation of ET
rs
 & ET
os
 using 1985
Hargreaves
n
ET
rs
 = COEF x ET
Hgrv
       (Daily)
n
ET
os
 = COEF1 x ET
Hgrv       
(Daily)
3/12/2010
22
Ivan A. Walter, P.E.
Step 4:  Final Results
n
Year, DOY, Month, Day, ETrs,ETos, Precip.
n
3/12/2010
23
Ivan A. Walter, P.E.
3/12/2010
Ivan A. Walter, P.E.
24
3/12/2010
Ivan A. Walter, P.E.
25
3/12/2010
Ivan A. Walter, P.E.
26
3/12/2010
Ivan A. Walter, P.E.
27
3/12/2010
Ivan A. Walter, P.E.
28
3/12/2010
Ivan A. Walter, P.E.
29
3/12/2010
Ivan A. Walter, P.E.
30
3/12/2010
Ivan A. Walter, P.E.
31
Process  --  Historical ETref Estimates
n
CoAgMet Data
n
XXX COAG.xls  --  QC for Good data
n
Colcrbt2.exe  -- Cal’c Monthly Hgrv
Factors
n
ETRETOH 2.exe  -  Calculate ET
rs
 & ET
os
3/12/2010
32
Ivan A. Walter, P.E.
Meadow Grass ET
n
Review of Methods
n
Recommendation for Calculation ETc
3/12/2010
Ivan A. Walter, P.E.
33
Reported Procedures
n
SCS –BC Pasture Grass
–
10% / 1,000 m. change in elevation
–
ASCE Manual 70 does not recommend
n
Pochop Method  -- ASAE 1984
–
Limited to Alfalfa (9%) & Turf  (6%)
–
Adjusted   kt   ---   thus not true SCS BC
–
Adjust from elevation Coefficient derived
–
Wyoming
3/12/2010
34
Ivan A. Walter, P.E.
Reported Procedures
n
Denver Water Board, BC “k” coef.
–
South Park, Elev.  8,900 ft msl
–
Standard BC  not  modified BC
–
Local calibration
–
ET calculated as:
n
Lysimeter water use  +  Precipitation (100%)
–
ET
irr wtr  
=  ETc  -  Precipitation
3/12/2010
35
Ivan A. Walter, P.E.
Recommend Transferrable Kc
n
Smith’s Gunnison basin
–
Hargreaves Monthly Coefficients
–
Letter Describing included in Materials
n
Maly & Walter – Kc’s Meadow Grass
–
Memo Describing process included in Materials
3/12/2010
36
Ivan A. Walter, P.E.
Hargreaves Kc’s for Meadow Grass
n
Multiple Sites  --  5 years of data
n
May
  
=
 
1.16
n
June
  
=
 
1.28
n
July
  
=
 
1.04
n
August
  
=
 
0.86
n
September 
 
=
 
0.88
3/12/2010
37
Ivan A. Walter, P.E.
3/12/2010
Ivan A. Walter, P.E.
38
Meadow Grass Kc  -- Derived using Calibrated Hargreaves
Software & Documents  Provided
n
XXX  COAG.xls  --  QC data
n
Colcrbt2.exe  -- Calc’ Monthly Coef.
n
ETRETOH 2.exe  --  Calc’ ET
rs
 & ET
os
n
Example Input and Output files
n
Memo: Coefficients for Meadow Grass
n
Smith Letter:  Hargreaves Kc M.Grass
n
Daily Ra calculation Application
3/12/2010
39
Ivan A. Walter, P.E.
3/12/2010
Ivan A. Walter, P.E.
40

								

								
								

										

												
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Explore the calibration process for historical crop ET estimates discussed by Ivan A. Walter, P.E. The workshop delves into the accuracy of Kc vs. SCS BC, reasons for not using Kc ETstzd, desirable results for accurate ET calculations, ASCE Task Committee criteria, and real-world examples like Rocky Ford and Fort Morgan. Dive into the methods for processing raw data to calculate ETrs, ETos, and ETHrgv. Discover the importance of measurement accuracy, data selection, and calibration in this detailed workshop.


								
    
																		
  •   Irrigation
    • 
																	
  •    Workshop
    • 
																	
  •    Crop ET
    • 
																	
  •    Calibration
    • 
																	
  •    Accuracy
    • 
																

								

								

									

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  1. EVAPOTRANSPIRATION WORKSHOP Calibration for Historical  Crop ET Estimates     A Process Ivan A. Walter, P.E. Ivan   s Engineering, Inc. 3/12/2010 Ivan A. Walter, P.E. 1
    2. 
            
            
            
  2. Kc  ETstzd    vs    SCS BC Kc  ETstzd is more accurate than SCS BC     Kc  -- Generate from measurement at known sites     Kc  -- Transferrable     ETstzd    ET professional & researchers have  accepted     SCS BC     Crop Coefficients derived where???     SCS BC     Requires local calibration 3/12/2010 Ivan A. Walter, P.E. 2
    3. 
            
            
            
  3. Why Isnt Kc ETstzd Used Answers to    Why not?       SCS BC is well accepted in Colo.  Water Court.     Do not have the data for ETstzd    Do not have the Kc   s 3/12/2010 Ivan A. Walter, P.E. 3
    4. 
            
            
            
  4. What is Desirable Result Just some number for ETc Accurate  daily Temp, Rs, U, & Rh Accurate daily ETrs & ETos Accurate monthly ETrs & ETos Excel files & Programs for analysis 3/12/2010 Ivan A. Walter, P.E. 4
    5. 
            
            
            
  5. Criteria  (ASCE Task Committee) Understandable Defensible Simplification without loss of accuracy Based on & Traceable to Experimental  Data 3/12/2010 Ivan A. Walter, P.E. 5
    6. 
            
            
            
  6. Rocky Ford ETrs 12 10 ETrs ETrs Est 8 6 4 2 0 Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 3/12/2010 Ivan A. Walter, P.E. 6
    7. 
            
            
            
  7. Rocky Ford:  Est as % of Actual 110% ETrs Est /: ETrs ETos Est / ETos 105% 100% 95% 90% 85% 80% May Jun Jul Aug Sep 3/12/2010 Ivan A. Walter, P.E. 7
    8. 
            
            
            
  8. Fort Morgan -- 2005 Daily Data 0.6 ETrs 0.5 ETrs Est 0.4 inches 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 1-Apr 1-May 1-Jun 1-Jul 1-Aug 1-Sep 1-Oct 3/12/2010 Ivan A. Walter, P.E. 8
    9. 
            
            
            
  9. Raw Data >>>>>> ETc Download data from Web site QC the data     Select good data Calc  ETrs, ETos, and ETHrgv Calibration Calc   s with good data COEFHgrv  x  ETHrgv = ETrs COEF1Hgrv  x  ETHrgv = ETos 3/12/2010 Ivan A. Walter, P.E. 9
    10. 
            
            
            
  10. Begin Here Standardized Reference ET Equation: C +         +         n . 0 408 ( ) ( ) R G u e e 2 n s a 273 u T = ET ref     +     + 1 ( ) C 2 d 3/12/2010 Ivan A. Walter, P.E. 10
    11. 
            
            
            
  11. Begin Here w/ Data from Web 3/12/2010 Ivan A. Walter, P.E. 11
    12. 
            
            
            
  12. Calculate & Analyze & Compare Standardized Reference ET Equation: C +         +         n . 0 408 ( ) ( ) R G u e e 2 n s a 273 u T = ET ref     +     + 1 ( ) C 2 d 1985 Hargreaves Equation: =     + 5 . 0 0023 . 0 ( ) mean T ( 17 ) 8 . ET T T R max min o a 3/12/2010 Ivan A. Walter, P.E. 12
    13. 
            
            
            
  13. Final Product Standardized Reference ET values     Short Crop:   ETos     Tall Crop:   ETrs     Daily values 3/12/2010 Ivan A. Walter, P.E. 13
    14. 
            
            
            
  14. Step 1:  XXX COAG.xls Download data from COAGMet site QC the data     Identify the Good Data     Fix small gaps & errors     Throw out everything else 3/12/2010 Ivan A. Walter, P.E. 14
    15. 
            
            
            
  15. Step 2:  ColCrbt2.exe   --  Application Input data from XXX COAG.xls     Text file   XXXEtrData.prn Calculates Reference ET  (daily)     ETrs     ASCE PM Etr, 1982 Kimberly Penman ETr     ETos     ASCE PM ETo, Hargreaves ETo 3/12/2010 Ivan A. Walter, P.E. 15
    16. 
            
            
            
  16. Step 3:  Colcrbt2.exe  --  Results Linear Regression Analysis (daily) Zero intercept Monthly Ratio:  ETrs  to  ETHgrv Monthly Ratio: ETos  to ETHgrv Monthly Ratio: ETrs  to  ETos Regression Coef & SEE 3/12/2010 Ivan A. Walter, P.E. 16
    17. 
            
            
            
  17. Step 3 Results: Ratio  ETrs :  ETHrgv MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP Fort Morgan(Tdpt Adjusted)   1995 - 2006 Fort Collins 03  1999 - 2006 1.40 1.36 1.27 1.25 1.37 1.48 1.41 1.38 1.38 1.56 1.54 1.38 1.15 1.18 1.47 1.30 1.33 1.22 1.16 1.22 1.32 1.36 1.22 1.17 1.17 1.58 1.54 1.34 1.28 1.47 1.34 1.28 1.15 1.13 1.21 1.31 1.29 1.22 1.24 1.36 Center  1996 - 2006 Avondale 1994 - 2008 Rocky Ford 1994 -2008 Yuma  1996  -  2006 Fruita  1999 2006 Yellow Jacket  1992 - 2008 3/12/2010 Ivan A. Walter, P.E. 17
    18. 
            
            
            
  18. Results @ Center: Ratio  ETrs :  ETHrgv MAY 1.54 1.68 1.31 1.62 1.56 1.43 1.45 1.56 1.50 1.61 1.54 1.57 JUN 1.38 1.25 1.32 1.56 1.43 1.30 1.35 1.36 1.38 1.38 1.44 1.43 JUL 1.15 1.06 1.16 1.08 1.09 1.11 1.07 1.15 1.21 1.23 1.24 1.17 AUG 1.18 1.14 1.06 1.15 1.12 1.17 1.15 1.23 1.17 1.37 1.26 1.15 SEP 1.47 1.47 1.25 1.48 1.38 1.57 1.52 1.34 1.48 1.56 1.57 1.47 All 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 3/12/2010 Ivan A. Walter, P.E. 18
    19. 
            
            
            
  19. Step 3 Results:  Ratio  ETos :  ETHrgv MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP Fort Morgan(Tdpt Adjusted)   1995 - 2006 Fort Collins 03  1999 - 2006 1.02 1.01 0.96 0.96 1.00 1.07 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.10 1.15 1.06 0.93 0.94 1.09 1.03 1.01 0.94 0.93 0.99 1.04 1.04 0.94 0.94 0.95 1.14 1.13 1.03 0.99 1.07 1.00 0.97 0.90 0.88 0.91 1.01 1.01 0.98 0.99 1.05 Center  1996 - 2006 Avondale 1994 - 2008 Rocky Ford 1994 -2008 Yuma  1996  -  2006 Fruita  1999 2006 Yellow Jacket  1992 - 2008 3/12/2010 Ivan A. Walter, P.E. 19
    20. 
            
            
            
  20. Step 4:  ETRETOH 2.exe Calculate ETrs & ETos using ETHgrv Input File     DataT&P.prn  from XXX COAG.xls Latitude, Tmax, Tmin, Tavg     COEFHRGV.dat Monthly Coefficient all Station (15 max.) 3/12/2010 Ivan A. Walter, P.E. 20
    21. 
            
            
            
  21. Step 4:  COEFHGRV.dat 3/12/2010 Ivan A. Walter, P.E. 21
    22. 
            
            
            
  22. Step 4:  ETRETOH 2.exe Calculation of ETrs & ETos using 1985  Hargreaves ETrs = COEF x ETHgrv       (Daily) ETos = COEF1 x ETHgrv       (Daily) =     + 5 . 0 . 0 0023 ( ) mean T ( 17 ) 8 . ET T T R max min o a 3/12/2010 Ivan A. Walter, P.E. 22
    23. 
            
            
            
  23. Step 4:  Final Results Year, DOY, Month, Day, ETrs,ETos, Precip.  3/12/2010 Ivan A. Walter, P.E. 23
    24. 
            
            
            
  24. Ft Morgan  ETrs 9 ETrs ETrs Est 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 3/12/2010 Ivan A. Walter, P.E. 24
    25. 
            
            
            
  25. Center ETrs 8 ETrs ETrs Est 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 3/12/2010 Ivan A. Walter, P.E. 25
    26. 
            
            
            
  26. Yuma2 ETrs 12 ETrs ETrs Est 10 8 6 4 2 0 Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 3/12/2010 Ivan A. Walter, P.E. 26
    27. 
            
            
            
  27. Rocky Ford ETrs 12 ETrs ETrs Est 10 8 6 4 2 0 Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 3/12/2010 Ivan A. Walter, P.E. 27
    28. 
            
            
            
  28. Avondale ETrs 12 ETrs ETrs Est 10 8 6 4 2 0 Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 3/12/2010 Ivan A. Walter, P.E. 28
    29. 
            
            
            
  29. Fruita ETrs 12 ETrs ETrs Est 10 8 6 4 2 0 Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 3/12/2010 Ivan A. Walter, P.E. 29
    30. 
            
            
            
  30. Yellow Jacket  ETrs 10 9 ETrs ETrs Est 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 3/12/2010 Ivan A. Walter, P.E. 30
    31. 
            
            
            
  31. CoAgMet Stations  Years 8 - 11 12 - 14 15 - 18 0 - 4 COW01   0.4 ILF01   1.9 HXT01   12.7 WLT01   4.4 ALT01   17.8 5 - 7 FTC03   17.6 BRG01   7.4 HYK02   18 HEB01   0.3 LCN01   17.8 PAI01   8.2 GLY04   1.5 FTC01   17.9 WGG01   7.6 FTM01   14.7 KSY01   17.6 WGG02   8.3 STG01   3.7 YUM02   13.6 AKR02   17.5 WRY01   13.6 PTV01   0 WFD01   5.1 YUM01   8 FTL01   17.8 HRT01   2.7 EAC01   9.4 IDL01   18 KRK01   13.6 BRL01   17.6 BRL03   1.7 BRL02   17.4 STN01   3.7 FRT02   17.5 FRT01 ORM01   4 GJC01   15.6 CDG01   3.8 PAN01   0 HOT01   11.6 DLT01   14.7 OTH01   17.4 SCM01   1.4 VLD01   16.4 PBL01   1.8 LAM02   2.9 LAM04   4.6 LMS01   4.8 FWL01   4.8 RFD02   6.5 AVN01   17.5 HLY02   4.6 HLY01   8.2 LJT01   4.8 LAM03   7.4 LAM01   13.4 RFD01   17.5 CTR02   6.2 CTR01   16.2 DVC01   17.1 YJK01   18 BLA01   11.6 YUC01   7.3 TWC01   11.5 HNE01   9.8 CTZ01   18 LJR01   4.1 STT01   1.8 SAN01   9.4 3/12/2010 Ivan A. Walter, P.E. 31
    32. 
            
            
            
  32. Process  --  Historical ETref Estimates CoAgMet Data XXX COAG.xls  --  QC for Good data Colcrbt2.exe  -- Cal   c Monthly Hgrv  Factors ETRETOH 2.exe  -  Calculate ETrs & ETos 3/12/2010 Ivan A. Walter, P.E. 32
    33. 
            
            
            
  33. Meadow Grass ET Review of Methods Recommendation for Calculation ETc 3/12/2010 Ivan A. Walter, P.E. 33
    34. 
            
            
            
  34. Reported Procedures SCS    BC Pasture Grass     10% / 1,000 m. change in elevation     ASCE Manual 70 does not recommend Pochop Method  -- ASAE 1984     Limited to Alfalfa (9%) & Turf  (6%)     Adjusted   kt   ---   thus not true SCS BC     Adjust from elevation Coefficient derived     Wyoming 3/12/2010 Ivan A. Walter, P.E. 34
    35. 
            
            
            
  35. Reported Procedures Denver Water Board, BC    k    coef.     South Park, Elev.  8,900 ft msl     Standard BC  not  modified BC     Local calibration     ET calculated as: Lysimeter water use  +  Precipitation (100%)     ETirr wtr  =  ETc  -  Precipitation 3/12/2010 Ivan A. Walter, P.E. 35
    36. 
            
            
            
  36. Recommend Transferrable Kc   Smith   s Gunnison basin      Hargreaves Monthly Coefficients     Letter Describing included in Materials Maly & Walter    Kc   s Meadow Grass     Memo Describing process included in Materials 3/12/2010 Ivan A. Walter, P.E. 36
    37. 
            
            
            
  37. Hargreaves Kcs for Meadow Grass Multiple Sites  --  5 years of data May  =  June  =  July  =  August   =  September =  1.16 1.28 1.04 0.86 0.88 3/12/2010 Ivan A. Walter, P.E. 37
    38. 
            
            
            
  38. Meadow Grass Kc  -- Derived using Calibrated Hargreaves 3/12/2010 Ivan A. Walter, P.E. 38
    39. 
            
            
            
  39. Software & Documents  Provided XXX  COAG.xls  --  QC data Colcrbt2.exe  -- Calc    Monthly Coef. ETRETOH 2.exe  --  Calc    ETrs & ETos Example Input and Output files Memo: Coefficients for Meadow Grass Smith Letter:  Hargreaves Kc M.Grass Daily Ra calculation Application 3/12/2010 Ivan A. Walter, P.E. 39
    40. 
            
            
            
  40. CoAgMet Stations  Years 8 - 11 12 - 14 15 - 18 0 - 4 COW01   0.4 ILF01   1.9 5 - 7 HXT01   12.7 WLT01   4.4 ALT01   17.8 FTC03   17.6 BRG01   7.4 HYK02   18 HEB01   0.3 LCN01   17.8 PAI01   8.2 GLY04   1.5 FTC01   17.9 WGG01   7.6 FTM01   14.7 KSY01   17.6 WGG02   8.3 STG01   3.7 YUM02   13.6 AKR02   17.5 WRY01   13.6 PTV01   0 WFD01   5.1 YUM01   8 FTL01   17.8 HRT01   2.7 EAC01   9.4 IDL01   18 KRK01   13.6 BRL01   17.6 BRL03   1.7 BRL02   17.4 STN01   3.7 FRT02   17.5 FRT01 ORM01   4 GJC01   15.6 CDG01   3.8 PAN01   0 HOT01   11.6 DLT01   14.7 OTH01   17.4 SCM01   1.4 VLD01   16.4 PBL01   1.8 LAM02   2.9 LAM04   4.6 LMS01   4.8 FWL01   4.8 RFD02   6.5 AVN01   17.5 HLY02   4.6 HLY01   8.2 LJT01   4.8 LAM03   7.4 LAM01   13.4 RFD01   17.5 CTR02   6.2 CTR01   16.2 DVC01   17.1 YJK01   18 BLA01   11.6 YUC01   7.3 TWC01   11.5 HNE01   9.8 CTZ01   18 LJR01   4.1 STT01   1.8 SAN01   9.4 3/12/2010 Ivan A. Walter, P.E. 40
    41. 
            
            
            
						

						

					

					
					
					

						
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