Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR) by Sandesh K.A.
Introduction to
Software Defined Radio (SDR)
Sandesh K
A
4NI11EC047
1
OUTLINE
•
Introduction
•
Circuit
design
•
Working
•
Applications
•
Benefits
•
Disadvantages
•
Future
Scope
2
Intro
d
u
cti
o
n
What is SDR ?
It is a
technology wherein
software
modules
running on a
generic
hardware
platform consisting
of
DSP
s
and
general
purpose
microprocessors
are
used
to
implement
radio
functions
3
WHY
SDR
?
•
To
produce
a
radio
that
can
receive
and
transmit
a
new
form
of
radio
protocol
just
by running new
software.
•
A technique in
which
all the
processing
is done in
software
i.e.,
mixing, filtering, demodulation
etc.
•
Used
to
implement
different
demodulation
scheme
and
different
standards
can
be
implemented
in the
same
device
.
•
Can
be
updated
so that
device
doesn’t
become obsolete
with
time.
4
If software
does
everything
what
is
the
role
of
hardware
?
Hardware is
still needed
for
the
RF front end
and Analog
to
Digital
Convertor
(
ADC
) and
Digital
to
Analog
Co
nverter
(
DAC
)
(DAC)
.
5
Basic
radio
receiver
unit
6
SDR
ARCHITECTURE
7
H
AR
D
W
A
R
E
8
List of SDRs:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_software-defined_radios
S
O
F
T
W
A
R
E
W
i
n
d
o
w
s
,
M
a
c
a
n
d
L
i
n
u
x
(
C
r
o
s
s
P
l
a
t
f
o
r
m
)
GNU
Radio
Open
Source
Toolkit
used by
most
SDR
(includes
GNU
Radio
Companion)
Linard
Open
Source
Library used
to
interface
with
hardware
W
i
n
d
o
w
s
SDR#
HD
S
D
R
spectrum
viewer
spectrum
viewer
Open
Source
Open
Source
9
Mac and
Linux
Gqrx
spectrum
viewer
Open
Source
A
n
d
r
o
i
d
SDR
touch
RTL2832U
driver
ADSB
Receiver
ADS-8
on USB
SDR
RTl
Free(trail)/$9.99
pro
Driver for RTL-SDR
Free
$1.50
10
Software communications
architecture
(SCA)
•
Provides
a
real-time
software
operating-system
environment to
support the dynamic
waveform
generation
and
signal
processing
aspects
of
a
radio
, as
well
as the
administrative
aspects
for
radio
installation
and
change
control.
•
Such
an
example
of
standardized
architecture
of
hardware
and
soft
ware
will lead
to
generic, flexible
radio
systems
which
may
be
loaded with
applications
to
suit
particular
operating
scenarios.
•
SDR
may
be
flexible
enough
to
operate
in
several
modes
at
the
same
time
and
some
may
be
capable
of
changing
or
adding
modes
while
continuing operation
in
other
modes.
11
SCA INTERFACE
WITH
SDR
12
CORBA
(
common
object
request broker
architecture
)
•
CORBA
is
the
Object
Management
Group
(OMG)
’s
open
architecture
that
provides
the
infrastructure
for
computer
applications
to
work
together
over
a
network.
•
It has been
chosen as
the
middleware
layer
of
the
Software
Communications
Architecture
(SCA), because
of
the wide
commercial
availability
of
CORBA
products
and
its
indust
ry
acceptance.
•
Used
to provide
a
cross-platform
middleware
service
that
simplifies
standardized
client/server operations by hiding
the
actual
communication
mechanisms
under
an
object
request
broker
software
bus
13
14
15
16
GNU radio
software:
17
FM
demodulation
example
in
GNU
Radio
18
Python
auto generated
code
from gnuradio
import
analog
from
gnuradio import audio
from
gnuradio import
blocks
from
gnuradio import eng_notation
from
gnuradio import
gr
from gnuradio
import
window
from
gnuradio.eng_option import eng_option
from
gnuradio.gr import
firdes
from
gnuradio.wxgui import
fftsink2 f
rom
gnuradio.wxgui import
forms from
gnuradio.wxgui import
scopesink2
from grc_gnuradio
import wxgui
as
grc_wxgui
from
optparse import
OptionParser
import
wx
class
dial_tone(grc_wxgui.top_block_gui):
def
init
(self):
grc_wxgui.top_block_gui.
init__(self, title="Dial
Tone")
_icon_path
=
"/usr/share/icons/hicolor/32x32/apps/gnuradio-grc.png"
self.SetIcon(wx.Icon(_icon_path,
wx.BITMAP_TYPE_ANY))
self.samp_rate
=
samp_rate
=
32000
self.noise_slider
=
noise_slider
=
.005
_noise_slider_sizer
=
wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
19
Applications
Of
SDR
Technology
•
Public
safety
•
Cell
phone
technology
•
Military
applications
•
Commercial
use
of
SDR
20
Benefits Of
SDR
Technology
•
User
benefits
(personalized modulation
scheme)
•
Manufacturer
benefits
•
Interoperability
•
Intelligent
transport
systems
(ITS)
•
Space
considerations
•
Power
considerations
•
Reconfiguration
considerations
•
Other land mobile
systems
21
Disadvantages of
SDR:
•
There are
technology
limits on
achievable
RF
performances
•
F
or
very
wide frequency
coverage,
the RF
hardware
may
need
to
be
built
in
separate
portions of
circuitry
dedicated to
particular
frequency
ranges
•
Two
tone
Inter
Modulation
Distortion(IMD)
•
The
choice of
architecture
depends
on
the
available
technology
•
Complexity
in using
the
software
•
Software
reliability
may
define
overall
radio
reliability,
rather
than
hardware
limitations
22
Future
Scope
Adaptive Radio
:
Communication
Systems
which
have
means of
measuring
their
own
performance
and
alter
them
to
provide
high
performance. SDR
helps
to
provide
high
degree
of
freedom
Cognitive
Radio:
Communication
systems
are
aware
of the
ir
internal
state
and
environment,
such
as
location
and
utilization on
RF frequency spectrum
at
that
location.
They can
make
decisions
about
their
radio operating
behavior
by mapping
that
information against
predefined
objectives.
23
24
Software Defined Radio (SDR) is a transformative technology where software modules run on flexible hardware platforms to implement radio functions. This introduction covers SDR basics, reasons for its adoption, hardware requirements, SDR architecture, available hardware options, and software used across Windows, Mac, Linux, and Android platforms.
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Presentation Transcript
Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR) Sandesh K A 4NI11EC047 1
OUTLINE Introduction Circuit design Working Applications Benefits Disadvantages Future Scope 2
Introduction What is SDR ? It is a technology wherein software modules running on a generic hardware platform consisting of DSPs andgeneral purpose microprocessors are used to implement radio functions 3
WHY SDR ? To produce a radio that can receive and transmit a new formof radio protocol just by running newsoftware. A technique in which all the processing is done in software i.e., mixing, filtering, demodulationetc. Used to implement different demodulation scheme and different standards can be implemented in the samedevice. Can be updated so thatdevice doesn t become obsoletewith time. 4
If software does everything what is the role of hardware ? Hardware is still needed for the RF front end and Analog toDigital Convertor (ADC) and Digital to Analog Converter (DAC)(DAC) . 5
HARDWARE List of SDRs: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_software-defined_radios Low Cost RTL2832U-Realtek SDR dongle 24-1766 MHZ $10-$30 Medium cost FunCube DonglePro HackRF One BladeRF 150kHz-2.05GHz 10MHz-0.6GHz 300MHz-3.8GHz $124.99-200 299 $420-$460 High cost : USRP! USRPB200 UmTRX $707 $675 $1500 70MHz-6GHz 300MHZ-3.8GHz 8
SOFTWARE Windows , Mac and Linux (Cross Platform) GNU Radio Open Source Toolkit used by most SDR (includes GNU Radio Companion) Library used to interface with hardware Linard Open Source Windows SDR# HDSDR spectrum viewer spectrum viewer Open Source Open Source 9
Mac and Linux Gqrx spectrum viewer Open Source Android SDR touch RTL2832U driver ADSB Receiver ADS-8 on USB SDR RTl Free(trail)/$9.99 pro Driver for RTL-SDR Free $1.50 10
Software communications architecture (SCA) Provides a real-time software operating-system environment to support the dynamic waveform generation and signal processing aspects of a radio , as well as the administrative aspects forradio installation and changecontrol. Such an example of standardized architecture of hardware and soft ware will lead to generic, flexible radio systems which maybe loaded with applications to suit particular operatingscenarios. SDR may be flexible enough to operate in several modes at thesame time and some may be capable of changing or adding modes while continuing operation in othermodes. 11
CORBA(common object request broker architecture) CORBA is the Object Management Group (OMG) s open architecture that provides the infrastructure for computer applications to work together over a network. It has been chosen as the middleware layer of theSoftware Communications Architecture (SCA), because of the wide commercial availability of CORBA products and its industry acceptance. Used to provide a cross-platform middleware service thatsimplifies standardized client/server operations by hiding the actual communication mechanisms under an object request broker software bus 13
Python auto generated code from gnuradio import analog from gnuradio import audio from gnuradio import blocks from gnuradio import eng_notation from gnuradio import gr from gnuradio import window from gnuradio.eng_option import eng_option from gnuradio.gr import firdes from gnuradio.wxgui import fftsink2 f rom gnuradio.wxgui import forms from gnuradio.wxgui import scopesink2 from grc_gnuradio import wxgui as grc_wxgui from optparse import OptionParser import wx class dial_tone(grc_wxgui.top_block_gui): def init (self): grc_wxgui.top_block_gui. _icon_path = "/usr/share/icons/hicolor/32x32/apps/gnuradio-grc.png" self.SetIcon(wx.Icon(_icon_path, wx.BITMAP_TYPE_ANY)) self.samp_rate = samp_rate = 32000 self.noise_slider = noise_slider = .005 _noise_slider_sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL) init__(self, title="Dial Tone") 19
Applications Of SDR Technology Public safety Cell phone technology Military applications Commercial use of SDR 20
Benefits Of SDR Technology User benefits(personalized modulationscheme) Manufacturerbenefits Interoperability Intelligent transport systems(ITS) Spaceconsiderations Powerconsiderations Reconfigurationconsiderations Other land mobilesystems 21
Disadvantages of SDR: There are technology limits on achievable RF performances For very wide frequency coverage, the RF hardware may need to be built in separate portions of circuitry dedicated to particular frequency ranges Two tone Inter Modulation Distortion(IMD) The choice of architecture depends on the available technology Complexity in using the software Software reliability may define overall radio reliability, rather than hardware limitations 22
Future Scope Adaptive Radio: Communication Systems which have means of measuring their own performance and alter them to provide high performance. SDR helps to provide high degree of freedom CognitiveRadio: Communication systems are aware of the ir internal state and environment, such as location and utilization on RF frequency spectrum at that location. They can make decisions about their radio operating behavior by mapping that information against predefined objectives. 23
