Introduction to Binomial Nomenclature in Biology
TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
Faculty of Education
Biology Department
2019- 2020
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nyad.Sirwan@ishik.edu.iq
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Define Binomial Nomenclature.
Identify Protozoa with its common
characteristics.
Understand Ciliophoran.
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Binomial nomenclature
is the formal naming system for living things that all scientists use. It
gives every species a two-part scientific name. For example, a ladybug goes by the fancy
name of
Harmonia axyridis
.
The first part of a scientific name, like
Harmonia
, is called the genus. A
genus
is typically the
name for a small group of closely related organisms. The second part of a scientific
name,
axyridis
in this example, is the
specific epithet
. It is used to identify a particular
species as separate from others belonging to the same genus. Together, the genus plus the
specific epithet is the full scientific name for an organism.
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Because scientific names are unique species identifiers, they ensure
that there is never any confusion as to which organism a scientist may
be referring. Additionally, there are some important rules that must be
followed to keep all binomial names standardized
The entire two-part name must be written in italics (or underlined
when handwritten).
The genus name is always written first.
The genus name must be capitalized.
The specific epithet is never capitalized.
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The word protozoa is come from Greek
protozoon
word
meaning “First Animal”.
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Protozoa prefer living in moist and aquatic habitats. Their cysts can be found in the
bleakest parts of the ecosphere.
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Respiration is by diffusion.
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Reproduction occurs asexually and sexually.
Excretion is via contractile vacuoles or by diffusion.
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Protozoa are classified into Four main types based on their motility
Flagellates
Flagellates move by help of Flagella (a tail-like
structure ). The movement is whip like
Ciliates
Ciliates protozoa have movement through cilia( fine
hair like structure attached with their body).
Sarcodina
Major loco-motor organelles in Sarcodina is
pseudopodia (Pseudo means false,
podia
means Foot)
Sporozoates
Sporozoates are the only non-motile form of protozoa.
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Protozoa can reproduce their offspring by both Sexual
and Asexual methods
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:
Budding
Binary Fission
Schizogony or Multiple Fission
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Conjugation
Gametogony
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Most species of free-living protozoa are aerobic. They cannot live
without oxygen. Aerobic protozoa are tiny and so are capable of
getting oxygen from the liquid medium by diffusion. Example:
Amoeba proteus
.
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Question
Question
time!
time!
Binomial nomenclature is the formal system of naming living organisms, providing each species with a unique two-part scientific name. This system ensures clarity and standardization in scientific communication. Understanding the rules and significance of binomial nomenclature is crucial in the field of biology.
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Presentation Transcript
TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Faculty of Education Biology Department 2019- 2020 Lab.3 Lab.3 Protozoa Protozoa ( (2 2nd nd Grade) Grade) By: Yad By: Yad Sirwan Sirwan yad.Sirwan@ishik.edu.iq
Objectives Objectives Define Binomial Nomenclature. Identify Protozoa with its common characteristics. Understand Ciliophoran.
Binomial nomenclature Binomial nomenclature Binomial nomenclature is the formal naming system for living things that all scientists use. It gives every species a two-part scientific name. For example, a ladybug goes by the fancy name of Harmonia axyridis. The first part of a scientific name, like Harmonia, is called the genus. A genus is typically the name for a small group of closely related organisms. The second part of a scientific name, axyridis in this example, is the specific epithet. It is used to identify a particular species as separate from others belonging to the same genus. Together, the genus plus the specific epithet is the full scientific name for an organism.
Binomial Binomial nomenclature rules nomenclature rules Because scientific names are unique species identifiers, they ensure that there is never any confusion as to which organism a scientist may be referring. Additionally, there are some important rules that must be followed to keep all binomial names standardized The entire two-part name must be written in italics (or underlined when handwritten). The genus name is always written first. The genus name must be capitalized. The specific epithet is never capitalized.
Phylum: Phylum: Protozoa Protozoa Kingdom Kingdom: : Protista Protista Subkingdom Subkingdom: : Protozoa Protozoa Phylum Phylum: : Protozoa Protozoa The word protozoa is come from Greek protozoon word meaning First Animal .
C Characteristics of Protozoa haracteristics of Protozoa Protozoa do not have a cell wall cell wall and therefore can have a variety of shapes Body is unicellular two regions; ectoplasm and endoplasm. The body is either bilaterally, radial symmetry or asymmetry. unicellular performs all functions of the body. The cytoplasm is divided into Protozoa prefer living in moist and aquatic habitats. Their cysts can be found in the bleakest parts of the ecosphere. There are both H Heterotrophic eterotrophic and Autotrophic Autotrophic based on their type of nutrition. Live Live freely freely, may be parasitic parasitic or symbiotic symbiotic. Respiration is by diffusion. Movement is by pseudopodia, flagella, cilia pseudopodia, flagella, cilia. . Reproduction occurs asexually and sexually. Excretion is via contractile vacuoles or by diffusion.
Locomotion in Protozoa Locomotion in Protozoa Protozoa are classified into Four main types based on their motility Flagellates Flagellates move by help of Flagella (a tail-like structure ). The movement is whip like Ciliates Ciliates protozoa have movement through cilia( fine hair like structure attached with their body). Sarcodina Major loco-motor organelles in Sarcodina is pseudopodia (Pseudo means false, podia means Foot) Sporozoates Sporozoates are the only non-motile form of protozoa.
Reproduction in Protozoa Reproduction in Protozoa Protozoa can reproduce their offspring by both Sexual and Asexual methods Asexual Asexual methods of reproduction are: Budding Binary Fission Schizogony or Multiple Fission Sexual Sexual Methods: Conjugation Gametogony
Respiration Respiration in Protozoa in Protozoa Based on the mode of respiration, protozoa are classified into Based on the mode of respiration, protozoa are classified into two two groups. groups. Aerobic Aerobic Protozoa: Protozoa: Most species of free-living protozoa are aerobic. They cannot live without oxygen. Aerobic protozoa are tiny and so are capable of getting oxygen from the liquid medium by diffusion. Example: Amoeba proteus. Anaerobic Anaerobic Protozoa They can survive in the absence of oxygen and are not commonly found amidst eukaryotic organisms. Normally, anaerobic eukaryotes are either parasites or symbionts of multicellular organisms that have originated from aerobic ancestors. Example: Giardia. Protozoa
Classification Classification Kingdom Kingdom Protista Protista Subkingdm Subkingdm Protozoa Protozoa phylum phylum protozoa protozoa subphylum subphylum Sarcomastigophora Sarcomastigophora Superclass: sarcodina Superclass: sarcodina _ _superclass Amoeba Amoeba sp. sp. Sporozoa Sporozoa C Ciliophora iliophora superclass: mastigophore : mastigophore Euglena Euglena sp. sp. Plasmodium Plasmodium sp. sp. genus genus Paramecium Parameciumsp Vorticella sp. Vorticella sp. sp. . 1.Entamoeba 1.Entamoeba histolytica histolytica Toxoplasma Toxoplasma sp. sp. Trypanosoma Trypanosoma sp sp. . Balantidiumcoli Balantidiumcoli. . 2.E.Coli 2.E.Coli
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