Internal Parasites of Livestock
Internal Parasites of Livestock
Internal Parasites of Livestock
Internal Parasites of Livestock
Internal Parasites of Livestock
Internal Parasites:
live within the internal
organs of livestock
◦
They are not visible
◦
Effects on the host may be visible
Divided into three groups
◦
Roundworms
◦
Tapeworms
◦
Flukes
Roundworms
Roundworms
Most important from economic
standpoint
Many different types
Affect almost every type of livestock
Stomach Worms
Stomach Worms
(Roundworm)
(Roundworm)
Host: Every species of livestock
Life Cycle:
◦
Adults live in stomach wall.
◦
Eggs pass from host and hatch into larvae
◦
Larvae are eaten by animal and travel to
stomach where they mature.
Stomach Worms
Stomach Worms
(Roundworm)
(Roundworm)
Damage:
◦
Penetrate stomach
lining
◦
Reduce digestion of
nutrients
◦
Young undernourished
animals are hit the
hardest
Symptoms
◦
Anemia- paleness of
gums and white of
eyes
◦
Dull hair coat
◦
Scours
◦
Severe infestation can
cause weight loss and
death
Strongyles
Strongyles
(Roundworm)
(Roundworm)
Host: All species of
livestock
◦
Cattle & horse can
build up immunity by
ages 4 or 5
Life Cycle:
◦
Adult is attached to
lining of intestines
◦
Eggs pass from host
◦
Larvae attach to grass
and are eaten by
animal
◦
Pass through stomach
and attach to intestinal
wall
Strongyles
Strongyles
(Roundworm)
(Roundworm)
Damage:
◦
Most detrimental
◦
Anemia
◦
Scar tissue reduces
digestion of nutrients
◦
Major cause of Colic
in horses
◦
Poor feed conversion
Symptoms
◦
Anemia
◦
Weight Loss
◦
Scouring
◦
Loss of appetite
◦
Prostration
◦
Rough hair coat
Ascarids
Ascarids
(Roundworm)
(Roundworm)
Largest of round worms
◦
Can reach 8 to 15 inches in length
Mainly affects younger animals
Host: primarily cattle, sheep, hogs, and
horses
Ascarids
Ascarids
(Roundworm)
(Roundworm)
Life Cycle:
◦
Eggs passed in feces contaminate pastures
◦
Animals ingest
◦
Larvae burrow into wall of intestine
◦
Migrate to liver, heart, and lungs
◦
Animal coughs up eggs and are swallowed
◦
Reach intestines a 2nd time and develop into
adult stage
Ascarids
Ascarids
(Roundworms)
(Roundworms)
Damage:
◦
Develop pneumonia
◦
Weight loss
◦
Lung damage
◦
Colic in horses
Symptoms
◦
Weight loss
◦
Dull hair coat
◦
Colic
Pinworms
Pinworms
(Roundworms)
(Roundworms)
Small and found in colon or rectum of
horses
Host: mainly horses, but can be found in
other livestock species.
Pinworms
Pinworms
(Roundworms)
(Roundworms)
Life cycle:
◦
Adult females lay eggs around the anus of
horse
◦
Eggs drop off and contaminate pastures,
stables, watering and feeding area
◦
Eggs are ingested by animal
◦
Pass to colon and rectum and mature
Pinworms
Pinworms
(Roundworms)
(Roundworms)
Damage:
◦
Minor damage is
caused
◦
Cause irritation
around the tail
Symptoms:
◦
Tail rubbing
◦
White scales deposits
are visible around anus
Habronema
Habronema
(Roundworm)
(Roundworm)
Affects host in two stages
Host: Horse is major host
◦
House fly is intermediate host
Habronema
Habronema
(Roundworm)
(Roundworm)
Life Cycle:
◦
Adult stage is found in stomach
◦
Larvae is passed which is ingested by house fly
◦
House fly deposits eggs on lips of horse
◦
Horse swallows eggs and they mature in
horses stomach
Habronema
Habronema
(Roundworm)
(Roundworm)
Damage:
◦
Summer sores can
form if larvae are
deposited in open
wounds
◦
Disfigure horses
◦
Hard to heal
Symptoms:
◦
Presence of summer
sores
◦
Excessive tearing and
running of eyes
◦
Open sores
Lungworms
Lungworms
(Roundworms)
(Roundworms)
Affect circulatory system & lungs
Host: All species of livestock
Lungworms
Lungworms
(Roundworms)
(Roundworms)
Life Cycle:
◦
Eggs laid in lungs of animals
◦
Coughed up & swallowed
◦
Eggs hatch in stomach and larvae are passed
◦
Develop in moist earth or water
◦
Ingested by animal
◦
Burrow into lymph nodes and are carried to lungs
where they mature
Lungworms
Lungworms
(Roundworms)
(Roundworms)
Damage:
◦
Mechanical blockage
of lungs
◦
Collapse of infected
area
◦
Blockage of windpipe
and bronchea
Symptoms:
◦
Coughing
◦
Fast or forceful
breathing
◦
Fever
◦
Animal reluctant to
move
◦
Goes off of feed and
water
Tapeworms
Tapeworms
Less important than roundworms
3 species of tapeworms
◦
Broad tapeworm
◦
Beef tapeworm
◦
Pork tapeworm
Broad Tapeworm
Broad Tapeworm
Host: All classes of
livestock and also in
man
Reach up to 10 feet
in length
Life Cycle:
◦
Adult lives in small
intestine
◦
Segments containing
eggs break off and pass
out of animal
◦
Eggs are eaten by
oribated mite
◦
Mites are eaten by
host and eggs hatch in
small intestine
Broad Tapeworm
Broad Tapeworm
Damage:
◦
No physical damage
◦
Tapeworm is in
competition with
animal for food.
Symptoms
◦
Weight loss
◦
Diarrhea
◦
emaciation
Both are similar and almost identical
Host:
◦
Beef tapeworm- cattle and man
◦
Pork tapeworm- swine and man
◦
Man is necessary intermediate host
Reach 5 feet in length
Beef and Pork Tapeworm
Beef and Pork Tapeworm
Life Cycle:
◦
Adult lives only in man
◦
Eggs contaminate the feed of animal through human
contact
◦
Animal ingests feed and eggs pass to intestinal wall
◦
Larvae lodge in some muscle causing a cyst
◦
Passed back to man when infected meat is eaten
Beef and Pork Tapeworm
Beef and Pork Tapeworm
Damage:
◦
Little economic
damage to cattle
◦
Causes mealy beef
Symptoms:
◦
No visible symptoms
except when animal is
slaughtered
Flukes
Flukes
Several species
Liver Fluke is the most important
Liver Fluke
Liver Fluke
Host:
◦
Parasite of cattle, sheep, goats, and man
◦
Damaging to young animals
Liver Fluke
Liver Fluke
Life Cycle:
◦
Adult lives in bile ducts
◦
Eggs passed into intestines and passed out
◦
Eggs must be in water to hatch
◦
Larvae hatch and seek a snail
◦
Larvae develops on snail and then attaches to a plant
◦
Animals ingest infected plant
◦
Flukes pass to intestines and burrow through
abdominal cavity to the lungs.
Liver Flukes
Liver Flukes
Damage:
◦
Irritation and
thickening of bile duct
◦
Fibrosis of the liver
Symptoms:
◦
Anemia
◦
Weight loss
◦
Death if not treated.
Tomorrow
Tomorrow
We will go over control methods of
internal parasites.
Internal parasites of livestock, such as roundworms, tapeworms, and flukes, can have a significant impact on the health and productivity of animals. These parasites live within the internal organs of livestock, causing various symptoms and affecting different species. Roundworms, like stomach worms, strongyles, and ascarids, are particularly common and damaging. Understanding their life cycles, hosts, and effects is crucial for effective management and prevention to maintain the well-being of livestock.
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Presentation Transcript
Internal Parasites of Livestock Internal Parasites: live within the internal organs of livestock They are not visible Effects on the host may be visible Divided into three groups Roundworms Tapeworms Flukes
Roundworms Most important from economic standpoint Many different types Affect almost every type of livestock
Stomach Worms (Roundworm) Host: Every species of livestock Life Cycle: Adults live in stomach wall. Eggs pass from host and hatch into larvae Larvae are eaten by animal and travel to stomach where they mature.
Stomach Worms (Roundworm) Damage: Penetrate stomach lining Reduce digestion of nutrients Young undernourished animals are hit the hardest Symptoms Anemia- paleness of gums and white of eyes Dull hair coat Scours Severe infestation can cause weight loss and death
Strongyles (Roundworm) Host: All species of livestock Cattle & horse can build up immunity by ages 4 or 5 Life Cycle: Adult is attached to lining of intestines Eggs pass from host Larvae attach to grass and are eaten by animal Pass through stomach and attach to intestinal wall
Strongyles (Roundworm) Damage: Most detrimental Anemia Scar tissue reduces digestion of nutrients Major cause of Colic in horses Poor feed conversion Symptoms Anemia Weight Loss Scouring Loss of appetite Prostration Rough hair coat
Ascarids (Roundworm) Largest of round worms Can reach 8 to 15 inches in length Mainly affects younger animals Host: primarily cattle, sheep, hogs, and horses
Ascarids (Roundworm) Life Cycle: Eggs passed in feces contaminate pastures Animals ingest Larvae burrow into wall of intestine Migrate to liver, heart, and lungs Animal coughs up eggs and are swallowed Reach intestines a 2nd time and develop into adult stage
Ascarids (Roundworms) Damage: Develop pneumonia Weight loss Lung damage Colic in horses Symptoms Weight loss Dull hair coat Colic
Pinworms (Roundworms) Small and found in colon or rectum of horses Host: mainly horses, but can be found in other livestock species.
Pinworms (Roundworms) Life cycle: Adult females lay eggs around the anus of horse Eggs drop off and contaminate pastures, stables, watering and feeding area Eggs are ingested by animal Pass to colon and rectum and mature
Pinworms (Roundworms) Damage: Minor damage is caused Cause irritation around the tail Symptoms: Tail rubbing White scales deposits are visible around anus
Habronema (Roundworm) Affects host in two stages Host: Horse is major host House fly is intermediate host
Habronema (Roundworm) Life Cycle: Adult stage is found in stomach Larvae is passed which is ingested by house fly House fly deposits eggs on lips of horse Horse swallows eggs and they mature in horses stomach
Habronema (Roundworm) Damage: Summer sores can form if larvae are deposited in open wounds Disfigure horses Hard to heal Symptoms: Presence of summer sores Excessive tearing and running of eyes Open sores
Lungworms (Roundworms) Affect circulatory system & lungs Host: All species of livestock
Lungworms (Roundworms) Life Cycle: Eggs laid in lungs of animals Coughed up & swallowed Eggs hatch in stomach and larvae are passed Develop in moist earth or water Ingested by animal Burrow into lymph nodes and are carried to lungs where they mature
Lungworms (Roundworms) Damage: Mechanical blockage of lungs Collapse of infected area Blockage of windpipe and bronchea Symptoms: Coughing Fast or forceful breathing Fever Animal reluctant to move Goes off of feed and water
Tapeworms Less important than roundworms 3 species of tapeworms Broad tapeworm Beef tapeworm Pork tapeworm
Broad Tapeworm Life Cycle: Adult lives in small intestine Segments containing eggs break off and pass out of animal Eggs are eaten by oribated mite Mites are eaten by host and eggs hatch in small intestine Host: All classes of livestock and also in man Reach up to 10 feet in length
Broad Tapeworm Damage: No physical damage Tapeworm is in competition with animal for food. Symptoms Weight loss Diarrhea emaciation
Beef and Pork Tapeworm Both are similar and almost identical Host: Beef tapeworm- cattle and man Pork tapeworm- swine and man Man is necessary intermediate host Reach 5 feet in length
Beef and Pork Tapeworm Life Cycle: Adult lives only in man Eggs contaminate the feed of animal through human contact Animal ingests feed and eggs pass to intestinal wall Larvae lodge in some muscle causing a cyst Passed back to man when infected meat is eaten
Beef and Pork Tapeworm Damage: Little economic damage to cattle Causes mealy beef Symptoms: No visible symptoms except when animal is slaughtered
Flukes Several species Liver Fluke is the most important
Liver Fluke Host: Parasite of cattle, sheep, goats, and man Damaging to young animals
Liver Fluke Life Cycle: Adult lives in bile ducts Eggs passed into intestines and passed out Eggs must be in water to hatch Larvae hatch and seek a snail Larvae develops on snail and then attaches to a plant Animals ingest infected plant Flukes pass to intestines and burrow through abdominal cavity to the lungs.
Liver Flukes Damage: Irritation and thickening of bile duct Fibrosis of the liver Symptoms: Anemia Weight loss Death if not treated.
Tomorrow We will go over control methods of internal parasites.
