Intercropping Systems and Their Benefits
Intercropping system: Types and benefits
Sagar Maitra
Professor of Agronomy
Row intercropping
In row intercropping, one or more crops are sown in regular rows and component crops are
sown simultaneously either in rows or without any row arrangement.
Majority of the improved agricultural practices throughout the world use row intercropping to
optimize productivity and resource use efficiency (Varma
et al
., 2017).
Mixed intercropping
The mixed intercropping is a practice of growing of two or more crops together without any
distinct row arrangement. It is also termed as mixed cropping.
The common example of mixed intercropping is observed in the pasture-based cropping
system, grass and legume mixed intercropping and mixed cover cropping in temperate
countries etc. In general, it is practiced to fulfill the diverse need of food and forage from
scarce land area (Undie
et al
., 2012) and mixed stands of winter cover crops during off-season
in temperate regions for soil quality improvement and production enhancement of the
succeeding main or cash crops.
Strip-intercropping
The strip-intercropping is another kind of intercropping system where two or more crops are
cultivated simultaneously in different strips in sloppy lands. Like other intercropping systems, it has
also the capability to enhance radiation use efficiency (Yang
et al.
, 2015) and it is practiced in the
sloppy lands having high possibility of soil erosion.
In the agroforestry system, strip intercropping is commonly practiced. Generally, soil draining and
conserving
crops species are grown alternatively in the strips running perpendicular to the slope of
the land or to the direction of prevailing winds for checking the soil erosion.
Relay intercropping
In the relay intercropping, two or more crops are grown together and they co-exist for a portion of
the growing period of each, but not sown at the same time. Here, the second crop is sown when the
first crop is about to complete the vital part of its cycle or completes a major portion and reaches to
reproductive stage or close to maturity but before harvest (Maitra
et al
., 2021). There are some areas
where cropping season is a limiting factor for growing two crops sequentially and hence, relay
intercropping is adopted to enhance the cropping intensity (Balde
et al
., 2011).
Ecosystem Services
Thanks
Intercropping plays a vital role in optimizing productivity and resource efficiency in agriculture. Row intercropping, mixed intercropping, strip intercropping, and relay intercropping are common systems used worldwide. These systems offer various benefits such as enhanced radiation use efficiency, soil quality improvement, and increased crop diversity, contributing to sustainable land management practices.
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Presentation Transcript
Intercropping system: Types and benefits Sagar Maitra Professor of Agronomy
Row intercropping In row intercropping, one or more crops are sown in regular rows and component crops are sown simultaneously either in rows or without any row arrangement. Majority of the improved agricultural practices throughout the world use row intercropping to optimize productivity and resource use efficiency (Varma et al., 2017). Mixed intercropping The mixed intercropping is a practice of growing of two or more crops together without any distinct row arrangement. It is also termed as mixed cropping. The common example of mixed intercropping is observed in the pasture-based cropping system, grass and legume mixed intercropping and mixed cover cropping in temperate countries etc. In general, it is practiced to fulfill the diverse need of food and forage from scarce land area (Undie et al., 2012) and mixed stands of winter cover crops during off-season in temperate regions for soil quality improvement and production enhancement of the succeeding main or cash crops.
Strip-intercropping The strip-intercropping is another kind of intercropping system where two or more crops are cultivated simultaneously in different strips in sloppy lands. Like other intercropping systems, it has also the capability to enhance radiation use efficiency (Yang et al., 2015) and it is practiced in the sloppy lands having high possibility of soil erosion. In the agroforestry system, strip intercropping is commonly practiced. Generally, soil draining and conserving crops species are grown alternatively in the strips running perpendicular to the slope of the land or to the direction of prevailing winds for checking the soil erosion. Relay intercropping In the relay intercropping, two or more crops are grown together and they co-exist for a portion of the growing period of each, but not sown at the same time. Here, the second crop is sown when the first crop is about to complete the vital part of its cycle or completes a major portion and reaches to reproductive stage or close to maturity but before harvest (Maitra et al., 2021). There are some areas where cropping season is a limiting factor for growing two crops sequentially and hence, relay intercropping is adopted to enhance the cropping intensity (Balde et al., 2011).
