Induction of Parturition in Mammals
Induction of parturition
Induction of parturition
•
Progesterone is essential for the establishment and maintenance
Progesterone is essential for the establishment and maintenance
of pregnancy in all mammalian species
of pregnancy in all mammalian species
•
luteal regression is necessary for parturition
luteal regression is necessary for parturition
•
Fetal cortisol play role for parturition
Fetal cortisol play role for parturition
•
Shifting of progesterone to estrogen play role for parturition
Shifting of progesterone to estrogen play role for parturition
Purpose of induction of parturition
Purpose of induction of parturition
•
Save the life of dam
Save the life of dam
•
Save the life of fetus
Save the life of fetus
•
Short-acting corticosteroids
Short-acting corticosteroids
•
The most commonly used corticosteroids for inducing parturition
The most commonly used corticosteroids for inducing parturition
are dexamethasone (20–30 mg) and flumethasone (8–10 mg) given
are dexamethasone (20–30 mg) and flumethasone (8–10 mg) given
as a single intramuscular injection.
as a single intramuscular injection.
•
Parturition is induced with 80–90% efficacy when the injection is
Parturition is induced with 80–90% efficacy when the injection is
given within 2 weeks of normal term
given within 2 weeks of normal term
•
The interval from injection to parturition is 24–72 hours, with an
The interval from injection to parturition is 24–72 hours, with an
average of 48 hours
average of 48 hours
•
In cows that have not calved by 72 hours after treatment the induction is
In cows that have not calved by 72 hours after treatment the induction is
considered to have failed
considered to have failed
•
Retreatment in such cases is often successful in inducing parturition
Retreatment in such cases is often successful in inducing parturition
•
Relaxation of the pelvic ligaments, cervical dilation and filling of the
Relaxation of the pelvic ligaments, cervical dilation and filling of the
udder occur rapidly, and labor and parturition are normal
udder occur rapidly, and labor and parturition are normal
•
Calves born less than 2 weeks prematurely are vigorous and calf
Calves born less than 2 weeks prematurely are vigorous and calf
mortality is not increased
mortality is not increased
•
The actual secretion of milk at the onset may not be plentiful in induced
The actual secretion of milk at the onset may not be plentiful in induced
cows; however, colostral immunoglobulin levels and total milk
cows; however, colostral immunoglobulin levels and total milk
production for the lactation period are very close to normal.
production for the lactation period are very close to normal.
•
Long-acting corticosteroids
Long-acting corticosteroids
•
Long-acting corticosteroids are not used when calf viability is of
Long-acting corticosteroids are not used when calf viability is of
primary importance
primary importance
•
Wide acceptance where seasonal milk production is of primary
Wide acceptance where seasonal milk production is of primary
importance and calving (lactation) is synchronized with the
importance and calving (lactation) is synchronized with the
grazing season
grazing season
•
Dexamethasone trimethylacetate (25 mg) or triamcinolone
Dexamethasone trimethylacetate (25 mg) or triamcinolone
acetonide (4–8 mg) may be used and appear to provide similar
acetonide (4–8 mg) may be used and appear to provide similar
outcomes
outcomes
•
An intramuscular injection is given once 2–4 weeks prior to the
An intramuscular injection is given once 2–4 weeks prior to the
due date for calving and parturition occurs over a wide range of
due date for calving and parturition occurs over a wide range of
4–26 days
4–26 days
•
Despite prolonged elevated systemic corticosteroid levels, cow
Despite prolonged elevated systemic corticosteroid levels, cow
health is generally good; however, preexisting diseases,
health is generally good; however, preexisting diseases,
particularly subclinical infections, may be exacerbated by the
particularly subclinical infections, may be exacerbated by the
treatment and there is a potential increase in cow mortality
treatment and there is a potential increase in cow mortality
•
The udders of treated cows are consistently engorged with milk
The udders of treated cows are consistently engorged with milk
about 1 week after injection, although it may be another week
about 1 week after injection, although it may be another week
before they actually calve
before they actually calve
•
The incidence of retained placentas with the use of longacting
The incidence of retained placentas with the use of longacting
corticosteroids is quite low (9–22%) compared with short-acting
corticosteroids is quite low (9–22%) compared with short-acting
corticosteroids
corticosteroids
•
However, there is a high incidence of calf mortality (7–45%), which
However, there is a high incidence of calf mortality (7–45%), which
appears to be due to premature placental separation, an increased
appears to be due to premature placental separation, an increased
frequency of uterine inertia, and calf prematurity
frequency of uterine inertia, and calf prematurity
•
The variability in response to treatment with a long-acting
The variability in response to treatment with a long-acting
corticosteroid can be reduced by treating with a short-acting
corticosteroid can be reduced by treating with a short-acting
corticosteroid or prostaglandin about a week after the long-acting
corticosteroid or prostaglandin about a week after the long-acting
corticosteroid treatment.19 Most cows will calve 2–3 days after the
corticosteroid treatment.19 Most cows will calve 2–3 days after the
second injection
second injection
•
Prostaglandins
Prostaglandins
•
Induction of parturition with prostaglandins intramuscularly gives
Induction of parturition with prostaglandins intramuscularly gives
very similar results to induction with short-acting corticosteroids,
very similar results to induction with short-acting corticosteroids,
with a range of 24–72 (mean 44.9) hours from treatment to calving
with a range of 24–72 (mean 44.9) hours from treatment to calving
•
As with short-acting corticosteroid- induced parturitions, there is a
As with short-acting corticosteroid- induced parturitions, there is a
high incidence of retained placentas and a 10–20% rate of
high incidence of retained placentas and a 10–20% rate of
induction failure when treatments are given within 2 weeks before
induction failure when treatments are given within 2 weeks before
normal term
normal term
•
The later the stage of gestation at which prostaglandins are
The later the stage of gestation at which prostaglandins are
administered, the greater the efficacy with which a single injection
administered, the greater the efficacy with which a single injection
induces calving.
induces calving.
•
Long-acting corticosteroids in combination with
Long-acting corticosteroids in combination with
dexamethasone and cloprostenol for daylight calving and a
dexamethasone and cloprostenol for daylight calving and a
low incidence of retained
low incidence of retained
•
Corticosteroids and prostaglandins in combination
Corticosteroids and prostaglandins in combination
•
Induction of parturition according to the animals types
Induction of parturition according to the animals types
•
Sheep
Sheep
•
Goat
Goat
•
Mare
Mare
•
Cows
Cows
•
Camels
Camels
•
Buffalos
Buffalos
Induction of parturition in mammals involves the essential roles of progesterone, luteal regression, fetal cortisol, and the shift from progesterone to estrogen. This process is crucial for saving the lives of both the dam and fetus. Corticosteroids like dexamethasone and flumethasone are commonly used to induce parturition with high efficacy. The success of induction can be determined within 72 hours, with retreatment being an option. Long-acting corticosteroids are used in specific scenarios, and their effects on cow health and milk production are observed.
Download Presentation
Please find below an Image/Link to download the presentation.
The content on the website is provided AS IS for your information and personal use only. It may not be sold, licensed, or shared on other websites without obtaining consent from the author. Download presentation by click this link. If you encounter any issues during the download, it is possible that the publisher has removed the file from their server.
E N D
Presentation Transcript
Induction of parturition Progesterone is essential for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in all mammalian species luteal regression is necessary for parturition Fetal cortisol play role for parturition Shifting of progesterone to estrogen play role for parturition
Purpose of induction of parturition Save the life of dam Save the life of fetus
Short-acting corticosteroids The most commonly used corticosteroids for inducing parturition are dexamethasone (20 30 mg) and flumethasone (8 10 mg) given as a single intramuscular injection. Parturition is induced with 80 90% efficacy when the injection is given within 2 weeks of normal term The interval from injection to parturition is 24 72 hours, with an average of 48 hours
In cows that have not calved by 72 hours after treatment the induction is considered to have failed Retreatment in such cases is often successful in inducing parturition Relaxation of the pelvic ligaments, cervical dilation and filling of the udder occur rapidly, and labor and parturition are normal Calves born less than 2 weeks prematurely are vigorous and calf mortality is not increased The actual secretion of milk at the onset may not be plentiful in induced cows; however, colostral immunoglobulin levels and total milk production for the lactation period are very close to normal.
Long-acting corticosteroids Long-acting corticosteroids are not used when calf viability is of primary importance Wide acceptance where seasonal milk production is of primary importance and calving (lactation) is synchronized with the grazing season Dexamethasone trimethylacetate (25 mg) or triamcinolone acetonide (4 8 mg) may be used and appear to provide similar outcomes
An intramuscular injection is given once 24 weeks prior to the due date for calving and parturition occurs over a wide range of 4 26 days Despite prolonged elevated systemic corticosteroid levels, cow health is generally good; however, preexisting diseases, particularly subclinical infections, may be exacerbated by the treatment and there is a potential increase in cow mortality The udders of treated cows are consistently engorged with milk about 1 week after injection, although it may be another week before they actually calve
The incidence of retained placentas with the use of longacting corticosteroids is quite low (9 22%) compared with short-acting corticosteroids However, there is a high incidence of calf mortality (7 45%), which appears to be due to premature placental separation, an increased frequency of uterine inertia, and calf prematurity The variability in response to treatment with a long-acting corticosteroid can be reduced by treating with a short-acting corticosteroid or prostaglandin about a week after the long-acting corticosteroid treatment.19 Most cows will calve 2 3 days after the second injection
Prostaglandins Induction of parturition with prostaglandins intramuscularly gives very similar results to induction with short-acting corticosteroids, with a range of 24 72 (mean 44.9) hours from treatment to calving As with short-acting corticosteroid- induced parturitions, there is a high incidence of retained placentas and a 10 20% rate of induction failure when treatments are given within 2 weeks before normal term The later the stage of gestation at which prostaglandins are administered, the greater the efficacy with which a single injection induces calving.
Long-acting corticosteroids in combination with dexamethasone and cloprostenol for daylight calving and a low incidence of retained Corticosteroids and prostaglandins in combination
Induction of parturition according to the animals types Sheep Goat Mare Cows Camels Buffalos
