Importance of Prenatal Care During Pregnancy
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E
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P
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E
G
N
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N
C
Y
Brest tenderness
CAUSES
Estrogen &progesterone
Increased vascularity
Mostly on exposure to cold air
TREAMENT
Bra with wide shoulder straps
Dress warmly
Fissures & abscesses
f
a
t
i
g
u
e
cause
Due to increased metabolic requirements
Treatment
Have extra rest for 6-8 weeks
P
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CAUSES
Due to increased estrogen levels
TREAMENT
Calamine lotion
C
o
n
s
t
i
p
a
t
i
o
n
CAUSES
Progesterone
Weight of uterus
Oral iron
Low fiber & fluid
More tea & coffee
No exercise
T
R
E
A
M
E
N
T
BOWEL RETRAINING
Correct poor habits & painful lesions
Brisk walking after a hot drink
Regular time for toileting
DIETARY REFORMATION
Increased fibre & fluid intake
Reduce tea, coffee & sugar
Prune juice
No gas forming foods
SPECIFIC DRUGS
Iron in empty stomach with juice
No mineral oil/enemas/OTC laxatives
Can use psyllium /docusate sodium/ dulcolax
N
a
u
s
e
a
&
v
o
m
i
t
i
n
g
CAUSES
High hCG
High progesterone & estrogen
Low blood glucose
Low pyridoxine
T
R
E
A
M
E
N
T
Cup of tea/dry crackers/biscuit/sour candy
Breakfast at 10-11am
Late evening snack
No longer than 12 hours between meals
Restrict fat& have carbohydrate
Small snacks Q2H
Don’t brush teeth in empty stomach
Vitamin B6/ginger capsules
H
e
a
r
t
b
u
r
n
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)
p
y
r
o
s
i
s
CAUSES
Reduced gastric motility
Pressure of uterus
MANAGEMENT
Small meals than heavy meals
Sleep on left side with 2 pillows
Go to bed 2 hours after meals
Elevate head of bed 30cm
No coffee/tea/beverages/tomato products/citrus juice/fried
& fatty foods
No alcohol/smoking
Aluminium hydroxide/ranitidine
M
u
s
c
l
e
c
r
a
m
p
s
CAUSES
Low calcium
High phosphorus
Interference with circulation
MANAGEMENT
Elevate lower extremities frequently
Lower milk intake &supplement with calcium lactate
Regular daily activity
Increase calcium & magnesium intake
Exercise
Keep legs warm
h
y
p
o
t
e
n
s
i
o
n
MANAGEMENT
Rest on side
If supine ,insert a small pillow under the right hip
Avoid prolonged standing
Change position slowly
If fainting occurs ,sit with head lowered in between
legs/lie down
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
t
u
r
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
CAUSES
Preesure of uterus/fetal head
Polyuria
Bladder mucosa congestion
MANAGEMENT
Reduce caffeine
Kegel’s exercise
Rule out UTI
A
b
d
o
m
i
n
a
l
d
i
s
c
o
m
f
o
r
t
CAUSES
Dextrorotation of uterus
Accentuated by sudden movement Sharp Pain in left
side
MANAGEMENT
Change position slowly
Position of comfort
L
e
u
c
o
r
r
h
o
e
a
CAUSES
High estrogen
Increased blood supply
MANAGEMENT
Loose Cotton underpants
Sleeping at night without underwear
Perineal pad
Never use tampons
P
a
l
p
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
CAUSES
Circulatory adjustment to accommodate increased
blood supply
During sudden movements
MANAGEMENT
Reassurance
Slow ,gradual movement
M
e
d
t
o
l
a
t
e
p
r
e
g
n
a
n
c
y
bakache
CAUSES
Lumbar lordosis
Lax abdominal muscles
MANAGEMENT
Shoes with low to moderate heels
Hot application
Squat to pick up objects
Lift objects holding them close to the body
h
e
a
d
a
c
h
e
Cause
Due to more blood volume to cerebral arteries
MANAGEMENT
Avoid eye strain & tension
Cold towels on forehead
Acetaminophen
Check BP
d
y
s
p
n
e
a
Cause
Due to pressure on diaphragm
More when supine /on exertion
MANAGEMENT
Elevate head of bed
Sleep on 2 or more pillows
Limit activities
e
d
e
m
a
CAUSES
General fluid retention
Reduced blood circulation in lower extremities
MANAGEMENT
Left lateral position
Sitting with legs elevated for ½ hour in afternoon &
evening
Avoid constricting clothes
Foot exercises
O
T
H
E
R
M
I
N
O
R
D
I
S
O
R
D
E
R
S
Epistaxis
Cause
Due to engorgement of veins in nasal passages
Bleeding follows overheating & blowing of nose
MANAGEMENT
Apply pressure
Apply ice
i
n
s
o
m
n
i
a
CAUSES
Mood changes
Anxiety
Changes in body metabolism(nocturia)
Heartburn
Nocturnal cramps
Backache
MANAGEMENT
Day time naps
Avoid heavy meals in the evening
Milk drink before sleeping
Warm bath before sleep
Extra pillows
Limit fluids 2 hours before sleep
No alcohol
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Prenatal care is essential for the health of both the mother and the baby during pregnancy. Early and regular prenatal check-ups help in identifying and addressing any issues promptly. Common symptoms like breast tenderness, fatigue, palmar erythema, constipation, nausea, and vomiting can be managed through various treatments. It is crucial to seek medical advice and follow the recommended care routines for a healthy pregnancy journey.
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Presentation Transcript
Why Is Prenatal Care Important? Pregnancy care is health care that a woman gets while pregnant. Going early and regularly for prenatal care can help mother and their babies stay healthy. Regular care lets doctors find and deal with any problems as soon as possible.
EARLY PREGNANCY Brest tenderness CAUSES Estrogen &progesterone Increased vascularity Mostly on exposure to cold air TREAMENT Bra with wide shoulder straps Dress warmly Fissures & abscesses
fatigue cause Due to increased metabolic requirements Treatment Have extra rest for 6-8 weeks
Palmar erythema CAUSES Due to increased estrogen levels TREAMENT Calamine lotion
Constipation CAUSES Progesterone Weight of uterus Oral iron Low fiber & fluid More tea & coffee No exercise
TREAMENT BOWEL RETRAINING Correct poor habits & painful lesions Brisk walking after a hot drink Regular time for toileting DIETARY REFORMATION Increased fibre & fluid intake Reduce tea, coffee & sugar
Prune juice No gas forming foods SPECIFIC DRUGS Iron in empty stomach with juice No mineral oil/enemas/OTC laxatives Can use psyllium /docusate sodium/ dulcolax
Nausea & vomiting CAUSES High hCG High progesterone & estrogen Low blood glucose Low pyridoxine
TREAMENT Cup of tea/dry crackers/biscuit/sour candy Breakfast at 10-11am Late evening snack No longer than 12 hours between meals Restrict fat& have carbohydrate Small snacks Q2H Don t brush teeth in empty stomach Vitamin B6/ginger capsules
) pyrosis Heart burn) CAUSES Reduced gastric motility Pressure of uterus MANAGEMENT Small meals than heavy meals Sleep on left side with 2 pillows Go to bed 2 hours after meals Elevate head of bed 30cm No coffee/tea/beverages/tomato products/citrus juice/fried & fatty foods No alcohol/smoking Aluminium hydroxide/ranitidine
Muscle cramps CAUSES Low calcium High phosphorus Interference with circulation MANAGEMENT Elevate lower extremities frequently Lower milk intake &supplement with calcium lactate Regular daily activity Increase calcium & magnesium intake Exercise Keep legs warm
hypotension MANAGEMENT Rest on side If supine ,insert a small pillow under the right hip Avoid prolonged standing Change position slowly If fainting occurs ,sit with head lowered in between legs/lie down
Frequent urination CAUSES Preesure of uterus/fetal head Polyuria Bladder mucosa congestion MANAGEMENT Reduce caffeine Kegel sexercise Rule out UTI
Abdominal discomfort CAUSES Dextrorotation of uterus Accentuated by sudden movement Sharp Pain in left side MANAGEMENT Change position slowly Position of comfort
Leucorrhoea CAUSES High estrogen Increased blood supply MANAGEMENT Loose Cotton underpants Sleeping at night without underwear Perineal pad Never use tampons
Palpitation CAUSES Circulatory adjustment to accommodate increased blood supply During sudden movements MANAGEMENT Reassurance Slow ,gradual movement
Med to late pregnancy bakache CAUSES Lumbar lordosis Lax abdominal muscles MANAGEMENT Shoes with low to moderate heels Hot application Squat to pick up objects Lift objects holding them close to the body
headache Cause Due to more blood volume to cerebral arteries MANAGEMENT Avoid eye strain & tension Cold towels on forehead Acetaminophen Check BP
dyspnea Cause Due to pressure on diaphragm More when supine /on exertion MANAGEMENT Elevate head of bed Sleep on 2 or more pillows Limit activities
edema CAUSES General fluid retention Reduced blood circulation in lower extremities MANAGEMENT Left lateral position Sitting with legs elevated for hour in afternoon & evening Avoid constricting clothes Foot exercises
OTHER MINOR DISORDERS Epistaxis Cause Due to engorgement of veins in nasal passages Bleeding follows overheating & blowing of nose MANAGEMENT Apply pressure Apply ice
insomnia CAUSES Mood changes Anxiety Changes in body metabolism(nocturia) Heartburn Nocturnal cramps Backache MANAGEMENT Day time naps Avoid heavy meals in the evening Milk drink before sleeping Warm bath before sleep Extra pillows Limit fluids 2 hours before sleep No alcohol
References 1. Clinical Practice Guidelines on Intrapartum and Immediate Postpartum Care 2012 by Department of Health and Philippine Obstetrical and Gynecological Society. 2. Callahan, T. (2013). Blueprints Obstetrics and Gynecology. (6th ed.). Baltimore, MD: Lippincott William & Wilkins
