hyroglossal Duct Cysts
Thyroglossal duct cysts are commonly congenital neck masses found in the midline. This article discusses their development, migration, imaging techniques for evaluation, and clinical features. Learn about their characteristics, diagnostic approaches, and management considerations.
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24th MOP - Geneva Critical Use Nominations: Final Recommendations MBTOC Cochairs: Mohamed Besri Michelle Marcotte Marta Pizano Ian Porter Montreal Protocol, MOP-24, 12-16 November, Geneva
Trends in CUNs The number of CUNs from non A(5) Parties have diminished greatly, from over 116 in 2005 to eight in 2012. After the OEWG Parties asked MBTOC to re-review 5 CUNs.
Trends in Total Amount (t) of MB Approved (2010- 2013) or Nominated for Critical Uses in 2014. 2010 36 34 2011 34 19 2012 32 16 2013 32 13 2014 28 10 Australia Canada USA TOTAL 4500 Australia Canada EC Israel Japan New Zealand Switzerland USA TOTAL 2000 Overall, CUNs continue to fall. Only 3 non A5 Parties continue to submit nominations. Japan ceased CUNs in this round. 4000 tonnes 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 291 267 232 249 3500 220 3000 2500 3235 3,863 2055 2,589 994 562.328 386 424 1,261 611 1500 1000 500 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Final 2014 Amounts Recommended in Comparison to Previously Approved CUEs CUE 2 0 0 5 2 0 13 147 62 748 9,553 CUE [CUE] 2 0 14 [28] [10] 0 [416] Australia Canada Japan USA 32 13 3 562 Others TOTAL 16 ,0 50 5,516 0 0 6 11 [4 54 ] *Numbers rounded to nearest tonne
Reporting of Stocks (Dec IX/6 1,bii) MB stocks (t) reported at end of: 2005 0 3.7 0 48.1 10,417.0 10,592.7 2011 0 -0.6 Australia Canada Israel Japan USA Total Not Reported 9.7 1249.0 1258.1 - - - MBTOC CUE recommendations not adjusted to account for stocks Stocks reported by USA are over twice the annual CUN request. Table 9.3 of the TEAP report also shows the amount of stocks used and authorised by Parties in 2011
24th MOP - Geneva MBTOC Soils CUN Reassessment and Final Recommendations
MB Soil Use- Final 2012 Assessment After the OEWG, three Parties requested reassessment of their individual CUNs Each provided further detailed information to assist with the assessment. The final assessment was conducted by email correspondence of the whole committee Consensus was not achieved on one nomination.
Final Recommendations for Soil Use (t) Country and Sector Nomination for 2014 Final Rec. 2014 Australia Strawberry runners 29.760 [26.784] Canada Strawberry runners 5.261 [5.050] USA Strawberry fruit 415.067 [389.640] TOTAL 450.088 [421.474]
Australia - Strawberry runners CUN and Final recommendation Australia Strawberry runners 40 35 30 Methyl Bromide (Tons) 25 20 15 10 5 0 2005 35.75 35.75 2006 37.5 37.5 2007 35.75 35.75 2008 35.75 35.75 2009 29.79 29.79 2010 29.79 29.79 2011 29.79 29.79 2012 29.79 29.76 2013 29.76 29.76 2014 29.8 26.8 CUN CUE
Australia - Strawberry runners Final Recommendation Party: Nominated 29.760 t. No further reduction since 2009. After OEWG: Party provided further information on alternatives to MB. The registration of Methyl Iodide has been withdrawn and no other chemical alternatives are suitable. Soilless culture is not technically and economically feasible. MBTOC:Recommends 90% (26.784 t). MBTOC considers that transition to substrates has been successful to date in many countries. A reduction of 10% considered possible for uptake of soilless production in early generation nursery runners.
Canada - Strawberry runners CUN and Final recommendation
Canada - Strawberry runners Final Recommendation Party:Nominated - 5.261 t. Voluntary dose reduction accepted by grower but no chemical alternatives approved in Prince Edward Island. After OEWG: Party requested more time to transition to soilless substrates if a chemical alternative became available. MBTOC: Final Recommendation - 5.050 t (96% ). MBTOC maintained that substrates were widely available to replace MB for the production of early generation stock plants (50%)
USA - Strawberry fruit CUN and Final recommendation USA Strawberry fruits 3000 2500 Methyl Bromide (Tons) 2000 1500 1000 500 0 2005 2006 1918.4 2007 1733.901 1604.669 1336.754 1103.422 1023.471 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 753.974 678.004 2013 531.737 415.067 2014 415.067 389.64 CUN 2468.873 CUE 2052.846 1730.828 1476.019 1349.575 1269.321 1007.477 812.709
CUN Final Recommendation: US Strawberry Fruit Party Nominated for 2014 415.067 t MBTOC interim recommendation 343.740 t MBTOC final recommendation (No consensus) 389.640 t After OEWG: The Party requested full reinstatement based on the withdrawal of registration of methyl iodide and the unavailability of all other chemicals due to a range of regulations. . MBTOC: The majority (all but one member) agreed that 45.9 t should be reinstated as methyl iodide is now unavailable, but still maintained a reduction for adoption of other alternatives as barrier films (totally impermeable films) will allow a reduction in dosage rates and this allows for greater use alternatives presently restricted by regulations.
Minority View SOILS Strawberry fruit (USA) - one member The minority view was that an amount of no more than 381.310 t be granted (ie 8.3 t less than the majority): Alternatives are available for a greater proportion (at least 470 ha) of the nomination than that considered by the majority (421 ha) Too much MB was recommended for critical uses than justifiable under Decision IX/6
Other Issues Remaining CUNs do not use emission control with barrier films as required in Decision IX/6 The worldwide withdrawal of methyl iodide (except Japan) has put pressure of finding new chemical alternatives for nursery issues especially. Handbook available to assist A5 Parties with any potential CUN applications from 2013 onwards
24 th MOP Geneva MBTOC Structures and Commodities Final CUN Recommendations
2012 Postharvest CUNs Structures (2 CUNs) Commodities (3 CUNs) Flour mills (Canada and US) Cereal processing (Canada and US) Packaged rice (Australia) Dry cure pork in storages (US) Dried fruit, walnuts and dates (US)
Interim Recommendations for Postharvest CUNs for 2014 Nominated for Recommendation for Country and Sector 2014 (tonnes) 2014 (tonnes) 1.187 5.044 Australia. Packaged rice Canada. Mills USA [1.187] [5.044] 0.740 1. Commodities [0.740] 22.800 2. Mills and Food Processing Structures [22.800] 3. Dry Cured Pork 3.730 [2.466] 27.270 33.501 USA Sub total Total [26.006] [32.237]
Australia Rice CUN trend and CUE Rice Australia 14 12 10 8 Tonnes 6 4 2 0 2005 12.3 6.2 2006 12.3 6.1 2007 10.2 9.2 2008 9.2 9.2 2009 9.2 7.8 2010 7.8 6.6 2011 5.7 4.8 2012 3.6 3.6 2013 2.4 2.4 2014 1.2 1.2 CUN CUE
Australia Packaged Rice Final Recommendation No Change Party: Nominated 1.187 tonnes, a 50% decrease from amount granted for 2013. Confirmed its phase out plan nominating in 2012 for 2014 as a final transition year. The applicant is adopting phosphine. MBTOC: Recommended 1.187 tonnes. Advised Party on steps to achieve success with phosphine fumigation, including improved temperature control.
Canada Flour Mills CUN trend and CUE Canada Flour Mills 50 45 40 35 30 Tonnes 25 20 15 10 5 0 2005 47.2 47.2 2006 34.8 34.8 2007 30.2 30.2 2008 28.6 28.6 2009 26.9 26.9 2010 22.9 22.9 2011 14.1 14.1 2012 11 11 2013 7.8 7.8 2014 5 5 CUN CUE
Canada Flour Mills Final Recommendation No Change Party: The Party nominated 5.044 tonnes, an approximate 35% decrease of amount granted by the Parties for 2013. The remaining MB users are mills for durum semolina or have bakery mix plants and particularly large structures. MBTOC: MBTOC recommends 5.044 tonnes. SF still not approved for food contact. Pests in mills are unacceptable.
USA Mills and cereal CUN trend and CUE amounts Mills and processors 600 500 400 Tonnes 300 200 100 0 2005 536.3 483 2006 506 461.7 2007 401.9 401.9 2008 363 348.2 2009 291.4 291.4 2010 173 173 2011 135.3 135.3 2012 135.29 74.5 2013 25.3 22.8 2014 22.8 22.8 CUN CUE
US Mills and Food Processors Final Recommendation No Change Party: Nominated 22.8 tonnes, a 10% decrease of the amount granted for 2013. To allow time to purchase equipment, modify structures, and/or practice using alternatives MBTOC:Recommends 22.8 tonnes. Disaggregated into: rice milling, 2.220 t; for pet food facilities 4.199 t; for mills 16.38t. Asked for updated phase out plan.
US Dried Fruit and Nuts CUN trend and CUE USA: Dried fruits and nuts 100 90 80 70 60 Tonnes 50 40 30 20 10 0 2005 89.2 89.2 2006 87.8 87.7 2007 91.3 79 2008 67.7 59 2009 59 45.6 2010 19.2 19.2 2011 10 5 2012 4.9 2.4 2013 0.8 0.8 2014 0.7 0.7 CUN CUE
US Dried Fruit and Nuts Final Recommendation Party: Nominated 0.740 t, a 10% decrease of the amount granted for 2013. MB required for fast turn-around before shipping, during cool weather at harvest and for dates where SF has not worked. MBTOC Interim: a decrease for dried plums After OEWG: Party supplied data on logistical problems treating dried plums MBTOC:recommends 0.740 tonnes, MBTOC asked for updated phase out plan.
US smoke house hams CUN trend and CUE amounts USA: Smoke house hams 160 140 120 100 Tonnes 80 60 40 20 0 2005 136.3 67.9 2006 135.7 81.7 2007 40.8 18.9 2008 19.7 19.7 2009 19.7 19 2010 4.5 4.5 2011 3.7 3.7 2012 3.7 0 2013 3.7 3.7 2014 3.7 2.5 CUN CUE
US Dry Cure Pork Final Recommendation Party: nominated 3.73 t, the same amount granted for 2013. No effective and registered alternatives to MB: heat alters product, phosphine and SF have failed to control mites. MBTOC Interim: Unable to assess. After OEWG: Party provide MB use survey data MBTOC: recommends 2.466 tonnes, a 34% decrease. No effective treatment, but improved gas tightness and reduced frequency of fumigation are required and possible.
24 th MOP Geneva MBTOC Handbook for Critical Use Nominations v 7
CUN Handbook Revision Dec XXIII/14 Draft of the 7th version of the Handbook has been revised in time for submission of remaining CUNs by non A5 Parties, and by A5 Parties seeking MB use after 2015 (nominations may be submitted 2 years in advance). Selected sections were moved within the document to facilitate information flow and simplify the CUN process. Criteria for assessing nominations remain unchanged. Section on Code of Conduct removed Nomination forms updated so only one form is now suggested for both new and continuing nominations, for both Soils and SC requests.
CUN Handbook Revision (3) Standard presumptions used to evaluate the CUNs remain unchanged, but have been moved within the document. Economic indicators have been clarified, to reflect standard agricultural economic practice and accommodate differences between Soils and SC MBTOC suggests updating deadlines applying to non A5s for annual submission of CUNs (as per Dec Ex.I/4) to reflect the situation of A5 Parties. Parties may wish to amend Dec Ex.I/4 to reflect these dates or simply adopt them through the new Handbook
CUN Handbook Revision (2) Requests for information that was rarely or never supplied by Parties have been removed or simplified from the previous SC form, for example: Potential market penetration of newly deployed alternatives and alternatives that may be used in the future to bring forward estimated time when MB consumption can be reduced or ultimately eliminated Section 14 of the SC form on use/ emission minimisation measures has been simplified
Workplan 2013 Tasks and actions Parties submit CUNs to Ozone Secretariat Date 24 Jan 2013 Nominations forwarded to MBTOC co-chairs and assessed by MBTOC 7 February 2013 MBTOC requests additional information from Parties where necessary 21 February 2013 Nominating Parties submit response to MBTOC 7 March 2013 MBTOC meets to assess nominations March 2013 MBTOC co-chairs provides draft recommendations to TEAP, and these are further discussed during TEAP meeting. MBTOC finalises report April 2013 Secretariat posts finalised report on its website May 2013 OEWG bilateral discussions June August 2013 MBTOC meets (or conducts email assessment according to feasibility and justification) Sept- October 2013 MBTOC final report posted by Secretariat after TEAP review October 2013 24th Meeting of the Parties November 2013