Hermeneutics in Shalom School of Theology
Shalom School of Theology
(SSOT)
Hermeneutics 101
General Hermeneutics
1.
What Kind Of Passage Is This?
(Type of literature – genre)
I
s
i
t
h
i
s
t
o
r
y
?
I
s
i
t
p
o
e
t
r
y
?
I
s
i
t
p
r
o
p
h
e
c
y
?
2.
What Is The Context?
T
h
e
R
o
o
m
–
t
h
e
B
i
b
l
i
c
a
l
C
o
n
t
e
x
t
T
h
e
H
o
u
s
e
–
t
h
e
H
i
s
t
o
r
i
c
a
l
C
o
n
t
e
x
t
T
h
e
S
t
r
e
e
t
–
t
h
e
C
u
l
t
u
r
a
l
C
o
n
t
e
x
t
General Hermeneutics
3
.
W
h
a
t
I
s
T
h
e
P
l
a
i
n
M
e
a
n
i
n
g
?
W
h
a
t
i
s
t
h
e
g
r
a
m
m
a
t
i
c
a
l
s
e
n
s
e
?
W
h
a
t
i
s
t
h
e
n
o
r
m
a
l
m
e
a
n
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
w
o
r
d
?
H
o
w
a
r
e
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h
e
w
o
r
d
s
u
s
e
d
i
n
t
h
i
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p
a
s
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a
g
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a
n
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l
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e
w
h
e
r
e
b
y
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
a
u
t
h
o
r
?
H
o
w
a
r
e
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h
e
w
o
r
d
s
u
s
e
d
o
u
t
s
i
d
e
t
h
e
B
i
b
l
e
?
W
h
a
t
d
o
e
s
t
h
e
r
e
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
B
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b
l
e
s
a
y
a
b
o
u
t
t
h
i
s
m
a
t
t
e
r
?
W
h
a
t
d
o
t
h
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
t
a
r
i
e
s
s
a
y
?
4
.
A
r
e
w
e
d
e
a
l
i
n
g
w
i
t
h
f
i
g
u
r
e
s
o
f
s
p
e
e
c
h
?
I
s
i
t
a
s
i
m
i
l
e
?
I
s
i
t
a
m
e
t
a
p
h
o
r
?
General Hermeneutics
4.
Are we dealing with figures of speech?
Is it a
simile
?
Is it a
metaphor
?
I
s
i
t
a
n
a
l
l
e
g
o
r
y
?
PSALM 80: 8-13
JOHN 10:1-16
General Hermeneutics
4.
Are we dealing with figures of speech?
Is it a
simile
?
Is it a
metaphor
?
Is it an
allegory
?
I
s
i
t
a
n
a
n
t
h
r
o
p
o
m
o
r
p
h
i
s
m
?
ISAIAH 59:1 ~
Behold,
the Lord’s hand
is not shortened,
that it cannot save; Nor
His ea
r
heavy, that it cannot hear.
PSALM 89:13 ~
You have a
mighty arm
; Strong is
Your
hand
, and high is
Your right hand
.
General Hermeneutics
4.
Are we dealing with figures of speech?
Is it a
simile
?
Is it a
metaphor
?
Is it an
allegory
?
Is it an
anthropomorphism
?
I
s
i
t
a
h
y
p
e
r
b
o
l
e
?
JUDGES 7:12 ~
Now the Midianites and Amalekites, all the
people of the East, were lying in the valley
as numerous as
locusts
; and their camels were without number,
as the sand
by the seashore in multitude
.
PSALM 6:6 ~
I am weary with my groaning; All night
I
make my bed swim
; I drench my couch with my tears.
General Hermeneutics
4.
Are we dealing with figures of speech?
Is it a
simile
?
Is it a
metaphor
?
Is it an
allegory
?
Is it an
anthropomorphism
?
Is it a
hyperbole
?
I
s
i
t
a
l
i
t
o
t
e
s
?
REVELATION 3:5 ~
He who overcomes shall be clothed in
white garments, and
I will not blot out his name from the
Book of Life
; but I will confess his name before My Father
and before His angels
ACTS 21:39 ~
But Paul said, “I am a Jew from Tarsus, in
Cilicia,
a citizen of no mean city
; and I implore you, permit
me to speak to the people.”
General Hermeneutics
4.
Are we dealing with figures of speech?
Is it a
simile
?
Is it a
metaphor
?
Is it an
allegory
?
Is it an
anthropomorphism
?
Is it a
hyperbole
?
Is it a
litotes
?
ISAIAH 22:22 ~
The key of the house of David
I will lay on
his shoulder; So he shall open, and no one shall shut; And he
shall shut, and no one shall open.
I
s
i
t
a
m
e
t
o
n
y
m
y
?
LUKE 16:29 ~
Abraham said to him, ‘They have
Moses and
the prophets
; let them hear them.’
Circumlocution/Euphemism
HEBREWS 1:3; LEVITICUS 18:16
General Hermeneutics
4.
Are we dealing with figures of speech?
Is it a
simile
?
Is it a
metaphor
?
Is it an
allegory
?
Is it an
anthropomorphism
?
Is it a
hyperbole
?
Is it a
litotes
?
Is it a
metonymy
?
PSALM 44:6 ~
For I will not trust in
my bow
, nor shall
my
sword
save me.
I
s
i
t
a
s
y
n
e
c
d
o
c
h
e
?
Merism/Merismus
JUDGES 20:1;
1 CHRONICLES 21:2
JEREMIAH 31:18, 20
General Hermeneutics
4.
Are we dealing with figures of speech?
Is it a
simile
?
Is it a
metaphor
?
Is it an
allegory
?
Is it an
anthropomorphism
?
Is it a
hyperbole
?
Is it a
litotes
?
Is it a
metonymy
?
Is it a
synecdoche
?
REVELATION 13:1 ~
Then I stood on the sand of the sea.
And I saw
a beast rising up out of the sea
,
having seven
heads and ten horns
, and
on his horns ten crowns
, and on
his heads a blasphemous name
.
I
s
i
t
a
p
o
c
a
l
y
p
t
i
c
l
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
?
(Symbols)
**
S
OME
E
XERCISES
**
General Hermeneutics
4.
Are we dealing with figures of speech?
Is it a
simile
?
Is it a
metaphor
?
Is it an
allegory
?
Is it an
anthropomorphism
?
Is it a
hyperbole
?
JUDGES 7:12 ~
Now the Midianites and Amalekites, all the
people of the East, were lying in the valley
as numerous as
locusts
; and their camels were without number
,
as the sand
by the seashore in multitude
.
PSALM 6:6 ~
I am weary with my groaning; All night
I
make my bed swim
; I drench my couch with my tears.
HOW
WHY
HOW
t
o
d
e
t
e
c
t
h
y
p
e
r
b
o
l
e
?
[
1
]
T
h
e
s
t
a
t
e
m
e
n
t
i
s
l
i
t
e
r
a
l
l
y
i
m
p
o
s
s
i
b
l
e
Blessing I will bless you,
and multiplying I will multiply your descendants
as the stars of the heaven and
as the sand which is on the seashore
;
GENESIS 22:17
I am poured out like water,
And all My bones are out of joint;
My heart is like wax;
It has melted within Me
.
PSALM 22:14
HOW
to detect
hyperbole
?
[1]
The statement is literally impossible
And why do you look at
the speck in your brother’s eye
,
but do not consider
the plank in your own eye
?
Or how can you say to your brother, ‘Let me remove the speck
from your eye’; and look, a plank is in your own eye?’
MATTHEW 7:3-4
And all the people went up after him,
and the people were playing on flutes
and rejoicing with great joy,
so that
the earth shook (lit. was split) at their noise
.
1 KINGS 1:40 (NASB)
HOW
to detect
hyperbole
?
[1]
The statement is literally impossible
But when you do a charitable deed,
do not let your left hand know what your right hand is doing
,
that your charitable deed may be in secret;
and your Father who sees in secret
will Himself reward you openly.
MATTHEW 6:3-4
HOW
to detect
hyperbole
?
[
2
]
T
h
e
s
t
a
t
e
m
e
n
t
c
o
n
f
l
i
c
t
s
w
i
t
h
w
h
a
t
t
h
e
s
p
e
a
k
e
r
t
e
a
c
h
e
s
e
l
s
e
w
h
e
r
e
“If anyone comes to Me and does not
hate his father and
mother
, wife and children, brothers and sisters, yes, and his
own life also, he cannot be My disciple.
LUKE 14:26
He said to them, “All too well you
reject the commandment of God,
that you may keep your tradition.
For Moses said, ‘
Honor your
father and your mother
’; and, ‘He
who curses father or mother, let
him be put to death.’
MARK 7:9-10
“But I say to you who hear:
Love your enemies, do good
to those who hate
you
, bless those who curse
you, and pray for those who
spitefully use you.”
LUKE 6:27-28
HOW
to detect
hyperbole
?
[
3
]
T
h
e
s
t
a
t
e
m
e
n
t
c
o
n
f
l
i
c
t
s
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
t
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
s
o
f
o
t
h
e
r
p
a
r
t
s
o
f
S
c
r
i
p
t
u
r
e
“If anyone comes to Me and does not
hate his father and
mother
, wife and children, brothers and sisters, yes, and his
own life also, he cannot be My disciple.
LUKE 14:26
Honor your father and your mother
,
that your days may be long upon the land
which the Lord your God is giving you.
EXODUS 20:12
HOW
to detect
hyperbole
?
[3]
The statement conflicts with
the teachings of other parts of Scripture
Give to him who asks you,
and from him who wants to borrow from you
do not turn away.
MATTHEW 5:42
For even when we were with you,
we commanded you this:
If anyone will not work, neither shall he eat.
2 THESSALONIANS 3:10
HOW
to detect
hyperbole
?
[
4
]
T
h
e
s
t
a
t
e
m
e
n
t
i
s
s
t
a
t
e
d
e
l
s
e
w
h
e
r
e
i
n
a
n
o
n
-
l
i
t
e
r
a
l
w
a
y
“If anyone comes to Me and does not
hate his father and
mother
, wife and children, brothers and sisters, yes, and his
own life also, he cannot be My disciple.
LUKE 14:26
He who
loves father or mother more than Me
is not worthy of Me.
And he who loves son or daughter more than Me
is not worthy of Me
MATTHEW 10:37
HOW
to detect
hyperbole
?
[4]
The statement is stated
elsewhere in a non-literal way
Do not think that I came to bring peace on earth.
I did not come to bring peace but a sword
.
MATTHEW 10:34
Do you suppose that
I came to give peace
on earth?
I tell you, not at all, but rather
division
.
LUKE 12:51
HOW
to detect
hyperbole
?
[
5
]
T
h
e
s
t
a
t
e
m
e
n
t
w
o
u
l
d
n
o
t
a
c
h
i
e
v
e
i
t
s
d
e
s
i
r
e
d
g
o
a
l
i
f
i
t
i
s
d
o
n
e
l
i
t
e
r
a
l
l
y
“You
have heard that it was said to those of old,
‘You shall not commit adultery.’
But I say to you that whoever looks at a woman to lust for her
has already committed adultery with her in his heart.
If
your right eye causes you to sin
,
pluck it out and cast it from
you
; for it is more profitable for you that one of your
members perish, than for your whole body to be cast into hell.
And
if your right hand causes you to sin, cut it off and cast it
from you
; for it is more profitable for you that one of your
members perish, than for your whole body to be cast into hell.
MATTHEW 5:27-30
WHY
u
s
e
h
y
p
e
r
b
o
l
e
?
THIS IS IMPORTANT!
PAY CLOSE ATTENTION!
DON’T MISS THIS!
Delve into the principles of hermeneutics taught at Shalom School of Theology, exploring how to interpret passages in various genres, understand different contexts, discern the plain meaning, and recognize figures of speech in biblical texts.
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Presentation Transcript
Shalom School of Theology (SSOT) Hermeneutics 101
General Hermeneutics 1. What Kind Of Passage Is This? (Type of literature genre) Is it history? Is it poetry? Is it prophecy? 2. What Is The Context? The Room the Biblical Context The House the Historical Context The Street the Cultural Context
General Hermeneutics 3. What Is The Plain Meaning? What is the grammatical sense? What is the normal meaning of the word? How are the words used in this passage and elsewhere by the same author? How are the words used outside the Bible? What does the rest of the Bible say about this matter? What do the commentaries say? 4. Are we dealing with figures of speech? Is it a simile? Is it a metaphor?
General Hermeneutics 4. Are we dealing with figures of speech? Is it a simile? Is it a metaphor? Is it an allegory? PSALM 80: 8-13 JOHN 10:1-16
General Hermeneutics 4. Are we dealing with figures of speech? Is it a simile? Is it a metaphor? Is it an allegory? Is it an anthropomorphism? ISAIAH 59:1 ~ Behold, the Lord s hand is not shortened, that it cannot save; Nor His ear heavy, that it cannot hear. PSALM 89:13 ~ You have a mighty arm; Strong is Your hand, and high is Your right hand.
General Hermeneutics 4. Are we dealing with figures of speech? Is it a simile? Is it a metaphor? Is it an allegory? Is it an anthropomorphism? Is it a hyperbole? JUDGES 7:12 ~ Now the Midianites and Amalekites, all the people of the East, were lying in the valley as numerous as locusts; and their camels were without number, as the sand by the seashore in multitude. PSALM 6:6 ~ I am weary with my groaning; All night I make my bed swim; I drench my couch with my tears.
General Hermeneutics 4. Are we dealing with figures of speech? Is it a simile? Is it a metaphor? Is it an allegory? Is it an anthropomorphism? Is it a hyperbole? Is it a litotes? REVELATION 3:5 ~ He who overcomes shall be clothed in white garments, and I will not blot out his name from the Book of Life; but I will confess his name before My Father and before His angels ACTS 21:39 ~ But Paul said, I am a Jew from Tarsus, in Cilicia, a citizen of no mean city; and I implore you, permit me to speak to the people.
General Hermeneutics 4. Are we dealing with figures of speech? Is it a simile? Is it a metaphor? Is it an allegory? Is it an anthropomorphism? Is it a hyperbole? Is it a litotes? Is it a metonymy? Circumlocution/Euphemism HEBREWS 1:3; LEVITICUS 18:16 ISAIAH 22:22 ~ The key of the house of David I will lay on his shoulder; So he shall open, and no one shall shut; And he shall shut, and no one shall open. LUKE 16:29 ~ Abraham said to him, They have Moses and the prophets; let them hear them.
General Hermeneutics 4. Are we dealing with figures of speech? Is it a simile? Is it a metaphor? Is it an allegory? Is it an anthropomorphism? Is it a hyperbole? Is it a litotes? Is it a metonymy? Is it a synecdoche? Merism/Merismus JUDGES 20:1; 1 CHRONICLES 21:2 PSALM 44:6 ~ For I will not trust in my bow, nor shall my sword save me. JEREMIAH 31:18, 20
General Hermeneutics 4. Are we dealing with figures of speech? Is it a simile? Is it a metaphor? Is it an allegory? Is it an anthropomorphism? Is it a hyperbole? Is it a litotes? Is it a metonymy? Is it a synecdoche? Is it apocalyptic language? (Symbols) ** SOME EXERCISES** REVELATION 13:1 ~ Then I stood on the sand of the sea. And I saw a beast rising up out of the sea, having seven heads and ten horns, and on his horns ten crowns, and on his heads a blasphemous name.
General Hermeneutics 4. Are we dealing with figures of speech? Is it a simile? Is it a metaphor? Is it an allegory? Is it an anthropomorphism? Is it a hyperbole? JUDGES 7:12 ~ Now the Midianites and Amalekites, all the people of the East, were lying in the valley as numerous as locusts; and their camels were without number, as the sand by the seashore in multitude. PSALM 6:6 ~ I am weary with my groaning; All night I make my bed swim; I drench my couch with my tears.
to detect hyperbole? [1] The statement is literally impossible Blessing I will bless you, and multiplying I will multiply your descendants as the stars of the heaven and as the sand which is on the seashore; GENESIS 22:17 I am poured out like water, And all My bones are out of joint; My heart is like wax; It has melted within Me. PSALM 22:14
to detect hyperbole? [1] The statement is literally impossible And all the people went up after him, and the people were playing on flutes and rejoicing with great joy, so that the earth shook (lit. was split) at their noise. 1 KINGS 1:40 (NASB) And why do you look at the speck in your brother s eye, but do not consider the plank in your own eye? Or how can you say to your brother, Let me remove the speck from your eye ; and look, a plank is in your own eye? MATTHEW 7:3-4
to detect hyperbole? [1] The statement is literally impossible But when you do a charitable deed, do not let your left hand know what your right hand is doing, that your charitable deed may be in secret; and your Father who sees in secret will Himself reward you openly. MATTHEW 6:3-4
to detect hyperbole? [2] The statement conflicts with what the speaker teaches elsewhere If anyone comes to Me and does not hate his father and mother, wife and children, brothers and sisters, yes, and his own life also, he cannot be My disciple. LUKE 14:26 He said to them, All too well you reject the commandment of God, that you may keep your tradition. For Moses said, Honor your father and your mother ; and, He who curses father or mother, let him be put to death. MARK 7:9-10 But I say to you who hear: Love your enemies, do good to those who hate you, bless those who curse you, and pray for those who spitefully use you. LUKE 6:27-28
to detect hyperbole? [3] The statement conflicts with the teachings of other parts of Scripture If anyone comes to Me and does not hate his father and mother, wife and children, brothers and sisters, yes, and his own life also, he cannot be My disciple. LUKE 14:26 Honor your father and your mother, that your days may be long upon the land which the Lord your God is giving you. EXODUS 20:12
to detect hyperbole? [3] The statement conflicts with the teachings of other parts of Scripture Give to him who asks you, and from him who wants to borrow from you do not turn away. MATTHEW 5:42 For even when we were with you, we commanded you this: If anyone will not work, neither shall he eat. 2 THESSALONIANS 3:10
to detect hyperbole? [4] The statement is stated elsewhere in a non-literal way If anyone comes to Me and does not hate his father and mother, wife and children, brothers and sisters, yes, and his own life also, he cannot be My disciple. LUKE 14:26 He who loves father or mother more than Me is not worthy of Me. And he who loves son or daughter more than Me is not worthy of Me MATTHEW 10:37
to detect hyperbole? [4] The statement is stated elsewhere in a non-literal way Do not think that I came to bring peace on earth. I did not come to bring peace but a sword. MATTHEW 10:34 Do you suppose that I came to give peace on earth? I tell you, not at all, but rather division. LUKE 12:51
to detect hyperbole? [5] The statement would not achieve its desired goal if it is done literally You have heard that it was said to those of old, You shall not commit adultery. But I say to you that whoever looks at a woman to lust for her has already committed adultery with her in his heart. If your right eye causes you to sin, pluck it out and cast it from you; for it is more profitable for you that one of your members perish, than for your whole body to be cast into hell. And if your right hand causes you to sin, cut it off and cast it from you; for it is more profitable for you that one of your members perish, than for your whole body to be cast into hell. MATTHEW 5:27-30
use hyperbole? THIS IS IMPORTANT! PAY CLOSE ATTENTION! DON T MISS THIS!
