Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium in Population Genetics
Hardy Weinberg Equilibruim Equation
Reflects the frequency of alleles in a population of organisms
under ideal conditions.
64NB
p
2
+ 2pq + q
2
= 1
p + q = 1
Hardy Weinburg Equilibrium
•
Applies only to sexually reproducing organisms.
•
The Conditions that must be met for a population to
be in Hardy Weinburg Equilibrium are:
–
No new mutations, alleles in a population do not change
–
No different selection among genotypes (No Natural
Selection)
–
No gene flow ( immigration and emigration)
–
Population size has to be infinite, or at least very large.
–
Mating is Random
•
If all ideal conditions are met, then there is no
evolution because the allelic frequency is
maintained in the population .
•
The concept of HW Eq. Is important because
deviation from the HW Eq. show that
evolution is occurring and can help us identify
the various mechanisms of evolutionary
change.
An example:
•
500 Wild Flowers
•
Frequency C
R
allele in the population: .8 = p
•
Frequency C
W
allele in the population:.2 = q
•
What is the genotypic probability of Homozygous
dominant Red Wild Flowers(C
R
C
R
)?, Heterozygous
Pink Wild Flowers (C
R
C
W
), and Homozygous
recessive White Wild Flowers? (C
W
C
W
)
Taster vs. Nontaster
•
What percent of the North American population is
Heterozygous for the taster trait?
•
Start with what you know: q
2
= .45
•
p + q = 1;
•
q = .45
•
1 – q = p; 1 - .67 = .33 = p
•
p
2
= .1089
•
2pq = 2 x .33 x.67 = .44
•
Tt = .44
•
Make sure your genotypic probabilities = 1
•
.1089 + .44 + .45 = 1
The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) equation provides insights into allele frequencies in a population under ideal conditions, with key requirements being no mutations, no natural selection, no gene flow, infinite or large population size, and random mating. Deviations from HWE indicate evolutionary changes. An example illustrates calculating genotypic probabilities for different traits. The concept is crucial in identifying mechanisms of evolutionary change.
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Presentation Transcript
Hardy Weinberg Equilibruim Equation Reflects the frequency of alleles in a population of organisms under ideal conditions. 64NB p2+ 2pq + q2= 1 p + q = 1
Hardy Weinburg Equilibrium Applies only to sexually reproducing organisms. The Conditions that must be met for a population to be in Hardy Weinburg Equilibrium are: No new mutations, alleles in a population do not change No different selection among genotypes (No Natural Selection) No gene flow ( immigration and emigration) Population size has to be infinite, or at least very large. Mating is Random
If all ideal conditions are met, then there is no evolution because the allelic frequency is maintained in the population . The concept of HW Eq. Is important because deviation from the HW Eq. show that evolution is occurring and can help us identify the various mechanisms of evolutionary change.
An example: 500 Wild Flowers Frequency CRallele in the population: .8 = p Frequency CWallele in the population:.2 = q What is the genotypic probability of Homozygous dominant Red Wild Flowers(CRCR)?, Heterozygous Pink Wild Flowers (CRCW), and Homozygous recessive White Wild Flowers? (CWCW)
Taster vs. Nontaster What percent of the North American population is Heterozygous for the taster trait? Start with what you know: q2= .45 p + q = 1; q = .45 1 q = p; 1 - .67 = .33 = p p2= .1089 2pq = 2 x .33 x.67 = .44 Tt = .44 Make sure your genotypic probabilities = 1 .1089 + .44 + .45 = 1
