Handling Resistance in Gender Education and Training
Explore the Nordic Centre for Gender in Military Operations' approach to addressing resistance in gender education and training, focusing on hegemonic masculinity and maintaining dominant social roles. Understand how gender hierarchies are evolving and the roles women play in shaping masculinities.
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Handling resistance in gender education and training Capt Per-Roe Petlund
NORDIC CENTRE FOR GENDER IN MILITARY OPERATIONS WWW.FORSVARSMAKTEN.SE/SWEDINT www.mil.se/swedint
NORDIC CENTRE FOR GENDER IN MILITARY OPERATIONS WWW.FORSVARSMAKTEN.SE/SWEDINT www.mil.se/swedint Learning outcome
NORDIC CENTRE FOR GENDER IN MILITARY OPERATIONS WWW.FORSVARSMAKTEN.SE/SWEDINT www.mil.se/swedint Method and time 3x45 min lecture 10.05 10.10 Introduction 10.00 10.50 11.00 11.45 Domination techniques and resistance Syndicate task 11.45 12.45 Lunch 12.45 13.25 Syndicate demonstration 13.25 13.30 Closure and Questions
WWW.FORSVARSMAKTEN.SE/SWEDINT What is resistance? Why is it frequent in Gender training/education?
WWW.FORSVARSMAKTEN.SE/SWEDINT Be aware of hegemonic masculinity
WWW.FORSVARSMAKTEN.SE/SWEDINT Hegemonic masculinity is the gender practice that guarantees the dominant social position of men (or men s values). the subordinate social position of women. The patriarchal society s definition of women as objects or property the world is better off under a strong male hand .
WWW.FORSVARSMAKTEN.SE/SWEDINT How and why men maintain dominant social roles over women and other feminine gender identities? Then: Hegemonic masculinity is a form of manhood that is socially and hierarchically exclusive and concerned with bread-winning Women are central in many of the processes constructing masculinities, as mothers, schoolmates, girlfriends, sexual partners, wives, and workers in the gender division of labour Now: Gender hierarchies are affected by new configurations of women s identity and practice so more attention has been given to the historical interplay of femininities and masculinities
WWW.FORSVARSMAKTEN.SE/SWEDINT Resistance can be based upon; all changes create resistance: the bigger the changes, the greater the resistance lack of knowledge lack of understanding not clear how gender perspectives relates to the mission, mandate and operations power conflicts - struggle for space prejudices/stereotypes
WWW.FORSVARSMAKTEN.SE/SWEDINT Facing and handling resistance 5 Domination techniques (Professor Berit s, Norway) - Defence strategies and confirming techniques
Making invisible To silence or otherwise marginalize persons in opposition by ignoring them WWW.FORSVARSMAKTEN.SE/SWEDINT Take up space Try to avoid getting into a position of victimhood, and a sense of feeling diminished Foregrounding Take the people around you seriously and show commitment to them. In order to highlight and acknowledge other people, it is important to listen, provide feedback and constructive criticism
WWW.FORSVARSMAKTEN.SE/SWEDINT Ridiculing in a manipulative way to make someone's argument or person silly and unimportant, such as through the use of striking but irrelevant metaphors ("Oh honey, you surely can t do it like that? ) Ask questions Keep calm and logical and mark that you do not accept the treatment. Analyse ridicule and ask the person to clarify what has been suggested. Repeat for example, what was said word for word and ask for detailed explanations Respect Respect and treat people seriously. Ask questions about people's perceptions and views to give people the mental space.
WWW.FORSVARSMAKTEN.SE/SWEDINT Withholding information Someone is kept ignorant of certain things. Persons are excluded or marginalized by withholding material information Demand all cards on the table If matters are discussed without your participation, remind the others that all should get the opportunity to contribute to the discussion. Tell the others why it is important to share information with everyone before any decision is taken. Inform Inform and include everyone in the decision making process. Recognize silent individuals. If the projects are discussed during leisure time, be prepared to explain to the group members not able to participate in the discussion, what conclusions you have drawn and why.
Double-edged punishment (Damn if you do, damn if you don t) a perception of whatever you do, you do it wrong. If you work carefully you are described as slow, if you work quickly, you hear that you are careless. If you have priorities that differ from other members, it can also be wrong. Break the pattern Think about and understand your own priorities. Communicate these priorities to others affected by your choices. Remember that you know what's important in your mission. Double rewards Try to take the perspective that everyone is doing their best, based on their needs. The perspective means that, for example, understanding that when a person says no to a particular task, it means that person is saying no to the activity, not to the relationship. WWW.FORSVARSMAKTEN.SE/SWEDINT
WWW.FORSVARSMAKTEN.SE/SWEDINT Shame and guilt (heaping blame & putting to shame) When someone makes you feel guilty for an act or situation that you are not responsible for. The way this is done can be a mixture of the former suppression techniques in which the result is that the person takes the message and blames himself. Intellectualise Try to critically examine the situation and articulate why you feel guilty and where it comes from. Could it have been someone else who placed the blame on you in order to save himself? All good norms Define positive standards for yourself and the mission, and release, for example, your guilt when you are assigned more responsibility than is reasonable. All kinds of behaviour that provides confirmation, backing or support are contrary to the imposition of guilt and shame.
WWW.FORSVARSMAKTEN.SE/SWEDINT Strategies for success Identify the situation Be professional Be prepared (show effects) Be deliberate Do not be provoked Talk their language (know your audience) Find allies Choose your battles Other?
WWW.FORSVARSMAKTEN.SE/SWEDINT Questions ?
WWW.FORSVARSMAKTEN.SE/SWEDINT Syndicate tasks: Each syndicate develops a roleplay showing the assigned domination technique in use in learning environment and then shows how to counter it with the appropriate defence strategy. Time for preparation: 30 min (Synd room) Time for demonstration: 5 min. (Plenary)
WWW.FORSVARSMAKTEN.SE/SWEDINT SUMMARY Domination techniques (Professor Berit s) Defence strategies and confirming techniques Making invisible Take up space Foregrounding Ridiculing Ask questions Respect Withholding information Demand that all the cards are on the table Inform Double-edged punishment Break the pattern Double rewards Shame and guilt Intellectualise All good norms
WWW.FORSVARSMAKTEN.SE/SWEDINT SUMMARY / CONCLUSION Understanding military structure and importance of gender perspective in military operations are critical for success. Ensure you understand how your topic on integrating gender perspective can support branches, staff or operations. Make your advice and gender perspective relevant for your receiver
