Guidelines for Interview Transcription in Qualitative Content Analysis
Welcome
to the world of
qualitative content analysis!
Transcription
Udo Kuckartz & Stefan Rädiker
March 2023qca-method.net
1.
Each contribution to the conversation should be transcribed into its own paragraph.
Changes in speaker are denoted by an empty line to improve the readability of the transcription.
2.
Paragraphs belonging to the interviewer or moderator should begin with an ‘I:’ or ‘M:’ while those belonging
to the respondent are denoted by a unique abbreviation such as ‘R:’.
To distinguish between several persons in one recording, the abbreviations should be supplemented by
numbers, such as ‘M1:’, ‘M2:’, ‘R1:’, ‘R2:’. Names or pseudonyms can be used as an alternative to
abbreviations.
3.
Transcription should be verbatim, not based on sounds or simply contain summaries
.
Any components of dialects should be translated into the standard language.
4.
Language and punctuation should be smoothed slightly to accommodate written standards.
5.
Long, clear pauses
should be marked by three full stops in brackets ‘
(...)
’.
6.
Any terms that a person
emphasized
should be
underlined
.
7.
Anything a person says
loudly
should be
capitalized
.
What rules to apply when transcribing interviews for QCA?
8.
The
approving or affirming vocalizations
on the part of the interviewer (‘mhm’, ‘aha’, etc.)
should not be
transcribed
as long as they do not interrupt the person’s flow of speech or can be interpreted as direct answers
to a question
.
9.
Fillers
such as ‘um’
are only transcribed if they are meaningful
in terms of content.
10.
Any
disruptions
should be listed in double parentheses indicating the cause, e.g., ‘
((telephone rings))
’.
11.
Any of the respondent’s or interviewer’s
vocalizations
that support or clarify a statement should be noted in
simple parentheses, e.g., ‘
(laughs)
’, ‘
(sighs)
’.
12.
Like vocalizations,
non-verbal activities in video recordings
of interviews and focus groups should be noted in
simple parentheses, e.g., ‘
(opens the window)
’, ‘(turns away)’.
13.
Unintelligible or unclear words
should be noted as ‘
(unclear)
’. Words and passages where the wording is only
suspected are bracketed and marked with a question mark at the end, e.g., ‘(kobold?)’.
14.
Time stamps are inserted at the end of each conversational contribution
; if necessary, time stamps are also
inserted in cases of incomprehensible passages in a longer paragraph.
What rules to apply when transcribing interviews for QCA?
•
EasyTranscript (
www.e-werkzeug.eu/index.php/en/
)
•
ExpressScribe (
www.nch.com.au/scribe/
)
•
f4/f5transcript (
www.audiotranskription.de/en/
)
•
HyperTRANSCRIBE (
www.researchware.com
)
•
InqScribe (
www.inqscribe.com
)
•
Transcriber (
sourceforge.net/projects/trans
)
It is also possible to transcribe with QDA software such as
MAXQDA
or
NVivo
.
Software for “manual” transcription
•
AmberScript
(Netherlands)
•
f4x
(Germany)
•
HappyScribe
(Ireland)
•
Otter.ai
(USA)
•
TEMI
(USA)
•
Trint
(UK)
•
Speechmatics
(UK)
> There are many more services all around the world.
> Please consider aspects of data protection when using automatic transcription.
> Automatic transcription will save you up to 50% of time compared to manually transcribing, but you
need to schedule time for reviewing and correcting the automatically created transcripts.
Tools for automatic transcription (selection)
•
not possible for extreme dialects
•
accuracy is lower than manually transcription
no pauses (only f4x offers this feature)
no indication of emphasized words
no indication of loud words
no confirming words such as mhm, aha
Limits of automatic transcription
Happy transcribing
Guidelines for transcribing interviews in Qualitative Content Analysis (QCA) include formatting rules, speaker attribution, verbatim transcription, punctuation adjustments, marking pauses and emphases, handling vocalizations and fillers, managing disruptions, and capturing non-verbal activities. Various software tools are available for manual and automatic transcription, with considerations for data protection when using automatic services.
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Presentation Transcript
Welcome to the world of qualitative content analysis! Transcription Udo Kuckartz & Stefan R diker March 2023 qca-method.net
What rules to apply when transcribing interviews for QCA? 1. Each contribution to the conversation should be transcribed into its own paragraph. Changes in speaker are denoted by an empty line to improve the readability of the transcription. 2. Paragraphs belonging to the interviewer or moderator should begin with an I: or M: while those belonging to the respondent are denoted by a unique abbreviation such as R: . To distinguish between several persons in one recording, the abbreviations should be supplemented by numbers, such as M1: , M2: , R1: , R2: . Names or pseudonyms can be used as an alternative to abbreviations. 3. Transcription should be verbatim, not based on sounds or simply contain summaries. Any components of dialects should be translated into the standard language. 4. Language and punctuation should be smoothed slightly to accommodate written standards. 5. Long, clear pauses should be marked by three full stops in brackets (...) . 6. Any terms that a person emphasized should be underlined. 7. Anything a person says loudly should be capitalized.
What rules to apply when transcribing interviews for QCA? 8. The approving or affirming vocalizations on the part of the interviewer ( mhm , aha , etc.) should not be transcribed as long as they do not interrupt the person s flow of speech or can be interpreted as direct answers to a question. 9. Fillers such as um are only transcribed if they are meaningful in terms of content. 10. Any disruptions should be listed in double parentheses indicating the cause, e.g., ((telephone rings)) . 11. Any of the respondent s or interviewer s vocalizations that support or clarify a statement should be noted in simple parentheses, e.g., (laughs) , (sighs) . 12. Like vocalizations, non-verbal activities in video recordings of interviews and focus groups should be noted in simple parentheses, e.g., (opens the window) , (turns away) . 13. Unintelligible or unclear words should be noted as (unclear) . Words and passages where the wording is only suspected are bracketed and marked with a question mark at the end, e.g., (kobold?) . 14. Time stamps are inserted at the end of each conversational contribution; if necessary, time stamps are also inserted in cases of incomprehensible passages in a longer paragraph.
Software for manual transcription EasyTranscript (www.e-werkzeug.eu/index.php/en/) ExpressScribe (www.nch.com.au/scribe/) f4/f5transcript (www.audiotranskription.de/en/) HyperTRANSCRIBE (www.researchware.com) InqScribe (www.inqscribe.com) Transcriber (sourceforge.net/projects/trans) It is also possible to transcribe with QDA software such as MAXQDA or NVivo.
Tools for automatic transcription (selection) AmberScript (Netherlands) f4x (Germany) HappyScribe (Ireland) Otter.ai (USA) TEMI (USA) Trint (UK) Speechmatics (UK) > There are many more services all around the world. > Please consider aspects of data protection when using automatic transcription. > Automatic transcription will save you up to 50% of time compared to manually transcribing, but you need to schedule time for reviewing and correcting the automatically created transcripts.
Limits of automatic transcription not possible for extreme dialects accuracy is lower than manually transcription no pauses (only f4x offers this feature) no indication of emphasized words no indication of loud words no confirming words such as mhm, aha
