Guide to Video Digitization: Best Practices & Codecs Overview
Explore the world of video digitization with insights on file formats, codecs, preservation techniques, and compression methods. Discover valuable tips from a senior digitization technician and learn about tools like Blackmagic Intensity Shuttle.
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Getting Started With Video Digitization Brendan Roney Senior Digitization Technician Detroit Historical Society
The Detroit Video History Archive VIDEO: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gkm4t4 ovGgw
File Formats and Codecs Technology and practices are still evolving, so there is no present perfect solution.
SD Preservation/Master Video Codecs JPEG2000 Can Be Lossless (Mathematically or Visually) Intra-Frame Used by LoC and in Digital Cinema Packages Closed Source Good Support, but Varied Implementations No Real Time Playback FFV1 Lossless Intra-Frame Adopted by the UK s National Archives Open Source Not Supported by Most NLE Programs
JPEG2000 Containers MXF Used By LoC and in Digital Cinema Packages Because the Standard Is Film-Focused it has Poor Support for Interlaced Video. Theoretically Mathematically Lossless. NLE Support Is Still In Its Infancy. Quicktime Supports Interlaced Video Hidden as a Legacy Codec Visually Lossless at Maximum Settings Widely Supported
Preservation/Master Audio Codec Uncompressed 48000 Hz DVD standard, dictated by capture device 16-bit Initially dictated by capture device
Access/Service Codecs and Container Concerns Native Resolution Support for Interlacing Widely Used, Including by Potential Licensees .H264/AAC in a Quicktime Container Matches Blu-Ray/YouTube Specifications Quicktime Encoder Options are Straightforward
Compression and File Sizes Uncompressed 1.2 GB/minute Master (JPEG2000/Uncompressed Audio, QT container) 0.6 GB/minute Service (H.264/AAC, QT container) ~40 MB/minute
The Basics: Capture Device Blackmagic Intensity Shuttle Supports Composite, S-Video, and Component Captures Uncompressed 10-bit YUV 4:2:2 Thunderbolt vs USB 3 ($239 vs $199) AJA Kona Lhi Highly Recommended, but $1500
The Basics: Time Base Corrector AVT-8710 Smooths the rough edges of analog signals Potentially unnecessary if you have a studio quality VHS or U-Matic deck with a built-in TBC $270
The Basics: Software Capture Software Blackmagic Media Express included with Shuttle Editing and Compression Software Avid Suite Color Space Issues with Quicktime s JPEG2000 Adobe Suite Pricing Model Initially an Obstacle
VHS Equipment: VCR Don t sweat the number of heads! Super VHS and S-Video JVC or Panasonic Don t forget the remote! Settings: Edit Mode SP Enhancements Audio Enhancements EBay! Our model: JVC HR-S4600U
Set-Up With Makeshift RF Shielding
U-Matic Equipment: U-Matic Deck Dub Out Check head hours (if possible) Some models feature integrated Time Base Correctors Consult umatic.palsite.com/mode ls.html for features (but note slightly differing model numbers) Sony VO-9850
U-Matic Equipment: Transcoder Turns video output from U-Matic deck s dub connector into a standard S-Video signal DIY Alternatives are possible for the brave. DPS-210
U-Matic Equipment: Audio level Interface For U-Matic decks that only have XLR audio outputs. Steps the voltage down from the XLR audio outputs to the level of standard RCA jacks. Simple adapters exist, but they don t actually work.
