Guide to Reporting on Practical Work in VCE Data Analysis
This comprehensive guide focuses on key science skills, scientific investigation, physics concepts, data collection methodologies, analysis techniques, scientific reporting, and more, essential for VCE students in their practical work. It covers topics such as independent, dependent, and controlled variables, data organization, analysis, and evaluation, along with scientific report writing conventions. A valuable resource for students undertaking VCE data and data analysis projects.
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A guide to reporting on practical work in VCE Data and Data analysis
VCAA Physics Study Design U1 U4 Key Science Skills (p11 p12) Scientific Investigation Poster/Report template (p13) Key Resources VCAA Advice to Teachers: Physics Scientific Investigations VCAA Advice to Teachers: Physics Measurement in Science VCE Physics Guide to Reporting on Practical Work
Key knowledge independent, dependent and controlled variables the physics concepts specific to the investigation and their significance, including definitions of key terms, and physics representations the characteristics of scientific research methodologies and techniques of primary qualitative and quantitative data collection relevant to the selected investigation, including experiments (gravity, magnetism, electricity, Newton s laws of motion, waves) and/or the construction and evaluation of a device; consideration of precision, accuracy, reliability and validity of data; and the identification of, and distinction between, uncertainty and error identification and application of relevant health and safety guidelines methods of organising, analysing and evaluating primary and/or secondary data to identify patterns and relationships including sources of uncertainty and error, representation of error bars, and limitations of data, and methodologies and methods models and theories, and their use in organising and understanding observed phenomena and physics concepts including their limitations the nature of evidence that supports or refutes a hypothesis, model or theory the key findings of the selected analysis and evaluation of the investigation and their relationship to concepts associated with waves, fields and/or motion the conventions of scientific report writing and/or scientific poster presentation, including physics terminology and representations, symbols, equations and formulas, units of measurement, significant figures, standard abbreviations and acknowledgment of references.
Secondary Data Analysis example basketball is dropped from a height of 2.0m time of the bounce and the rebound height are measured, need to interpret the data to understand the physics of the system
Measurement Uncertainty and Uncertainty in Multiple Trials 1. Any reading of an instrument has an associated uncertainty which should be recorded at the time that the reading is taken. Manufacturer will specify the maximum precision that can be obtained from the instrument. 2. Experimenter skill and circumstance can also affect the uncertainty of the value being measured 3. By executing multiple trials, the effect of experimenter skill and circumstance can be accounted for.
Ball impact time data The spread of trial values = (Max value min value)/2 If the spread of trial values is larger than the individual measurement uncertainty, then it represents the uncertainty of the average over multiple trials Within uncertainties, there is no variation in impact time with drop height. This experiment is not precise enough to detect variation in impact time. Drop height (m) uncertaint y Impact Time (s) average Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5 (s) (s) 2.000 0.183 0.194 0.179 0.204 0.187 0.19 0.01 1.800 0.196 0.177 0.187 0.181 0.205 0.19 0.01 1.600 0.177 0.197 0.181 0.208 0.184 0.19 0.02 1.400 0.183 0.195 0.196 0.179 0.203 0.19 0.01 1.200 0.205 0.185 0.175 0.188 0.196 0.19 0.02 1.000 0.187 0.181 0.204 0.195 0.189 0.19 0.01 0.800 0.179 0.198 0.192 0.204 0.186 0.19 0.01 0.600 0.203 0.183 0.186 0.196 0.198 0.19 0.01 0.400 0.196 0.186 0.203 0.183 0.198 0.19 0.01 0.200 0.198 0.203 0.183 0.186 0.196 0.19 0.01
Rebound height data Rebound height versus drop height 1.20 Drop height (m) uncertaint y Rebound height (m) average hf = 0.63hi0.71 1.00 Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5 (m) (m) 2.000 1.000 0.985 1.030 0.995 1.020 1.00 0.02 0.80 Rebound height (m) 1.800 0.955 0.930 0.905 0.940 0.925 0.93 0.03 1.600 0.850 0.845 0.860 0.895 0.880 0.86 0.03 0.60 1.400 0.805 0.795 0.830 0.815 0.780 0.81 0.02 1.200 0.740 0.720 0.700 0.750 0.730 0.73 0.03 0.40 1.000 0.650 0.625 0.670 0.640 0.665 0.65 0.02 0.20 0.800 0.605 0.575 0.550 0.590 0.560 0.58 0.03 0.600 0.460 0.450 0.475 0.505 0.490 0.47 0.03 0.00 0.000 0.500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 0.400 0.350 0.320 0.315 0.340 0.360 0.33 0.02 Drop height (m) 0.200 0.190 0.175 0.180 0.195 0.180 0.19 0.01
Energy transfer during the ball bounce Rebound height indicates that an amount of energy, E = mg h has been lost during the ball bounce Impulse = Fav t During the bounce, the ball compresses and then decompresses Assuming that air resistance is not significant, the change in energy of the ball corresponds to a change in kinetic energy before and after the bounce. Energy will be lost due to inelastic behaviour of the ball Need to derive physical quantities from data and associated uncertainties
Elastic characteristics of the ball Data seems to have two distinct linear regions: Region A: approx. 25% of energy is dissipated in the collision Region B: approx. 50% of energy is dissipated in the collision Energy loss versus initial kinetic energy 7.0 6.0 Energy loss during collision (J) 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 Initial kinetic energy before collision (J)
Coefficient of restitution Coefficient of restitution decreases as drop height increases. More energy is dissipated, probably mostly lost in deformation, as the drop height increases. This behaviour is typical for bouncing balls (see Adli Haron and K A Ismail 2012 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 36 012038) Coefficient of restitution versus drop height 1.20 1.00 coefficient of restitution 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 0.000 0.500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 drop height (m)
Collision and impulse velocity after collision versus velocity before collision What does it mean if the average force during the collision is proportional to the initial velocity before the collision? 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00 final velocity (m/s) 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 0.50 0.00 0.000 1.000 2.000 3.000 4.000 5.000 6.000 7.000 initial velocity (m/s)
Further consideration: Further investigation: measure force versus time during collision to learn more about the response of the basketball Does the surface affect the observed response? Is the behaviour repeated in subsequent bounces?
