Georgia Studies Test Prep Essentials for 8th Grade
GMAS Test Prep
Essentials
Grade: 8
Subject: Georgia Studies
8
th
Grade
Domain
Weights
THOUGHT PROCESS FOR PROBLEM SOLVING
Geography
1.
In which region would you be MOST likely to
find peanut farms in Georgia?
A.
1
B.
2
C.
3
D.
4
Georgia has five different geographic regions. Each of these
regions provide the state with different resources and
economic opportunity. In the north, there are three small
mountainous regions, each with a differing topography. In
the middle of the state is the hilly Piedmont area which is
home to many of Georgia’s largest cities. Finally, the state is
dominated by the Coastal Plain region, which takes up
three-fifths of Georgia.
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b. Describe the five geographic regions of Georgia; include the Blue Ridge Mountains, Valley and Ridge, Appalachian Plateau, Piedmont, and Coastal Plain.
2. What is the significance of the
Blue Ridge Mountain region to the
state of Georgia?
A.
The region produces most of
Georgia’s agricultural crops.
B.
The region is the major textile
manufacturer of the state.
C.
The region receives the most
precipitation and is the start of
most of Georgia’s rivers.
D.
The region is the major
population center of the state.
Georgia has five different geographic regions.
Each of these regions provide the state with
different resources and economic opportunity.
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b. Describe the five geographic regions of Georgia; include the Blue Ridge
Mountains, Valley and Ridge, Appalachian Plateau, Piedmont, and Coastal
Plain.
Georgia has a humid,
subtropical climate with hot
summers and mild winters,
though the mountainous areas
tend to be cooler than that of
the rest of the state.
3
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d. Evaluate the impact of climate on Georgia’s development.
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though the mountainous areas
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d. Evaluate the impact of climate on Georgia’s development.
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The Okefenokee Swamp covers 700 square
miles. Located in southeastern Georgia, the
swamp can be found in four Georgia
counties. Native Americans lived in the
swamp dating back to the Archaic period (
Choctaw Indians gave the swamp its name
which means “land of the trembling earth”.
Now, protected by the federal government,
over hundreds of animal species live in the
area, the most well known being the
American alligator
4
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c. Locate and evaluate the importance of key physical features on the development of Georgia; include
the Fall Line, Okefenokee Swamp, Appalachian Mountains, Chattahoochee and Savannah Rivers, and
barrier islands.
5
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The land along the fall line
was fertile and perfect for
farming
C.
Ships can travel northward
here from there to the
northeast,
D.
Rapidly flowing rivers were
a source of energy
c
Social Studies Grade 8 Content Domain: Geography
DOK: Level
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c. Locate and evaluate the importance of key physical features on the development of Georgia; include the
Fall Line, Okefenokee Swamp, Appalachian Mountains, Chattahoochee and Savannah Rivers, and barrier
islands.
The fall line is a natural boundary that separates the
Piedmont and the Coastal Plain regions. Due to the
drop-off of the hilly Piedmont region into the flat
Coastal Plain, the waterfalls found on the fall line
caused many rivers in the area to be difficult to
navigate. Many mills were located on the fall line. In
addition, many of Georgia’s most important cities such
as Columbus, Macon, and Augusta were located on
the fall line due to their location as the last navigable
upstream points in the state.
6.
Which transportation system has
had the BIGGEST impact on making
Georgia a center of international
business?
a.
The Port of Brunswick
b.
the MARTA rail system
c.
Interstates 75, 85, & 20
d.
Hartsfield-Jackson Airport
Georgia’s four transportation systems have played a
major role in the state’s economic development.
When the colony of Georgia was founded, its
location on the Atlantic Ocean and its deepwater
ports such as Savannah of England’s international
trading empire. Later, the development of the
railroad created the city of Atlanta making it one of
the first cities in America that was not built near a
navigable water route. In the 1920s, Atlanta sought
to and became a hub for the budding airline
industry. During the 1950s, Atlanta continued to be
a major player in transportation as it became the
southeastern center for three major interstate
highways.
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6.
Which transportation system has
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a.
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b.
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c.
Interstates 75, 85, & 20
d.
Hartsfield-Jackson Airport
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Explanation of Correct Answer:
The
correct answer is (D)
Hartsfield-Jackson
Airport. Hartsfield Jackson Airport is the
major source of transportation for
moving passengers and freight
domestically and internationally.
Economics
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8
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5
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7
8
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a
n
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8
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0
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c
.
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x
p
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e
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a
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s
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o
w
t
h
.
S
S
8
E
1
T
h
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t
u
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n
t
w
i
l
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g
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r
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o
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s
.
Though it began as the smallest and
poorest colony, after the American
Revolution, Georgia quickly expanded. This
was due to several factors including the
invention of the cotton gin and railroads
and the land cessions and forced removal
of Native American tribes. The cotton gin
had an immense impact of Georgia’s
economic and population growth, but this
growth came with a terrible cost, the
expansion of slavery. Another important
technological development that had a major
impact on the state of Georgia was the
invention of the railroad. Many of Georgia’s
cities and towns were created due to the
railroad, including the city of Atlanta.
8
.
W
h
a
t
i
s
G
e
o
r
g
i
a
’
s
l
a
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r
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o
f
s
t
a
t
e
i
n
c
o
m
e
?
A
p
o
l
l
t
a
x
B
s
a
l
e
s
t
a
x
C
i
n
c
o
m
e
t
a
x
D
i
n
h
e
r
i
t
a
n
c
e
t
a
x
Though there are several sources of state and
local revenue, four of these include sales
taxes, federal grants, personal income taxes,
and property taxes. Typically, taxes are
deposited into a general fund and are
distributed to many different government
services such as education, public safety,
transportation, economic development, and
natural resources.
S
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
:
S
S
8
E
4
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
w
i
l
l
i
d
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n
t
i
f
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r
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n
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r
v
i
c
e
s
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d
b
y
s
t
a
t
e
a
n
d
local governments.
a. Trace sources of state revenue such as sales taxes, federal grants, personal income taxes, and property taxes
9
.
O
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
a
j
o
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e
.
g
.
,
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,
p
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r
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t
a
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e
s
)
.
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h
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c
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A
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s
?
A
t
o
a
c
q
u
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r
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e
m
p
l
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y
m
e
n
t
B
t
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t
a
n
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f
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h
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S
8
E
4
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
w
i
l
l
i
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e
n
t
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y
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a
n
d
l
o
c
a
l
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
.
a. Trace sources of state revenue such as sales taxes, federal grants, personal income taxes, and property taxes
In order to provide services to the citizens of
the state, Georgia’s governments must have
sources of revenue. These revenue sources
include sales taxes, federal grants, personal
income taxes, and property taxes.
1
0
.
I
n
b
a
d
e
c
o
n
o
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i
c
t
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s
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s
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o
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e
o
r
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i
a
l
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e
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e
c
a
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o
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d
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A
p
e
r
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n
a
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n
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t
a
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e
s
.
B
p
r
o
p
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r
t
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t
a
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e
s
.
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s
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l
e
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t
a
x
e
s
.
D
S
P
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t
a
x
e
s
S
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
:
S
S
8
E
4
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
w
i
l
l
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
y
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e
n
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e
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o
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r
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e
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f
o
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n
d
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r
v
i
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e
s
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d
b
y
s
t
a
t
e
a
n
d
local governments.
a. Trace sources of state revenue such as sales taxes, federal grants, personal income taxes, and property taxes
In order to provide services to the citizens
of the state, Georgia’s governments must
have sources of revenue. These revenue
sources include sales taxes, federal
grants, personal income taxes, and
property taxes.
1
0
.
W
h
e
n
i
s
t
h
e
B
E
S
T
t
i
m
e
t
o
b
o
r
r
o
w
m
o
n
e
y
?
A
w
h
e
n
i
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
r
a
t
e
s
a
r
e
l
o
w
.
B
w
h
e
n
a
p
e
r
s
o
n
h
a
s
a
p
o
o
r
c
r
e
d
i
t
r
a
t
i
n
g
.
C
w
h
e
n
a
p
e
r
s
o
n
h
a
s
n
o
j
o
b
o
r
s
t
e
a
d
y
i
n
c
o
m
e
D
w
h
e
n
a
p
e
r
s
o
n
w
a
n
t
s
t
o
p
u
r
c
h
a
s
e
a
n
e
x
p
e
n
s
i
v
e
i
t
e
m
S
S
8
E
5
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
w
i
l
l
e
x
p
l
a
i
n
p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
m
o
n
e
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
c
h
o
i
c
e
s
i
n
t
e
r
m
s
o
f
i
n
c
o
m
e
,
s
p
e
n
d
i
n
g
,
c
r
e
d
i
t
,
s
a
v
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
i
n
v
e
s
t
i
n
g
.
In order to help students make better
financial choices as adults, they should
learn about the terms involved in helping
them make personal money management
choices.
1
0
.
W
h
i
c
h
f
o
r
m
o
f
p
a
y
m
e
n
t
i
s
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
e
x
p
e
n
s
i
v
e
f
o
r
t
h
e
b
u
y
e
r
A
c
a
s
h
.
B
c
h
e
c
k
.
C
d
e
b
i
t
c
a
r
d
.
D
c
r
e
d
i
t
c
a
r
d
.
.
S
S
8
E
5
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
w
i
l
l
e
x
p
l
a
i
n
p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
m
o
n
e
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
c
h
o
i
c
e
s
i
n
t
e
r
m
s
o
f
i
n
c
o
m
e
,
s
p
e
n
d
i
n
g
,
c
r
e
d
i
t
,
s
a
v
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
i
n
v
e
s
t
i
n
g
.
In order to help students make better
financial choices as adults, they should
learn about the terms involved in helping
them make personal money management
choices.
H
o
w
w
a
s
M
a
r
i
e
t
t
a
a
b
l
e
t
o
s
u
s
t
a
i
n
s
u
c
h
a
l
a
r
g
e
p
o
p
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
i
n
t
h
e
1
9
4
0
s
?
A
T
h
e
p
h
y
s
i
c
a
l
s
i
z
e
o
f
t
h
e
c
i
t
y
m
o
r
e
t
h
a
n
d
o
u
b
l
e
d
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
i
s
t
i
m
e
.
B
C
o
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
i
o
n
o
f
m
i
l
i
t
a
r
y
a
i
r
c
r
a
f
t
,
l
i
k
e
t
h
e
B
e
l
l
B
o
m
b
e
r
,
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d
j
o
b
s
.
C
T
h
e
G
r
e
a
t
D
e
p
r
e
s
s
i
o
n
d
i
d
n
o
t
a
f
f
e
c
t
s
o
m
e
p
a
r
t
s
o
f
G
e
o
r
g
i
a
,
l
i
k
e
M
a
r
i
e
t
t
a
D
M
a
r
i
e
t
t
a
b
e
c
a
m
e
t
h
e
n
e
w
c
a
p
i
t
a
l
c
i
t
y
o
f
G
e
o
r
g
i
a
w
h
e
n
A
t
l
a
n
t
a
w
a
s
b
u
r
n
e
d
.
S
S
8
H
9
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
w
i
l
l
d
e
s
c
r
i
b
e
t
h
e
i
m
p
a
c
t
o
f
W
o
r
l
d
W
a
r
I
I
o
n
G
e
o
r
g
i
a
’
s
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
a
l
l
y
,
s
o
c
i
a
l
l
y
,
a
n
d
p
o
l
i
t
i
c
a
l
l
y
.
b. Evaluate the importance of Bell Aircraft, military bases, the Savannah and Brunswick
shipyards, Richard Russell, and Carl Vinson
S
S
8
E
1
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
w
i
l
l
g
i
v
e
e
x
a
m
p
l
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
k
i
n
d
s
o
f
g
o
o
d
s
a
n
d
s
e
r
v
i
c
e
s
p
r
o
d
u
c
e
d
i
n
G
e
o
r
g
i
a
i
n
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
h
i
s
t
o
r
i
c
a
l
p
e
r
i
o
d
s
.
1
1
.
W
h
i
c
h
o
f
t
h
e
s
e
d
e
s
c
r
i
b
e
s
t
h
e
M
A
I
N
r
o
l
e
o
f
e
n
t
r
e
p
r
e
n
e
u
r
s
?
A
T
h
e
y
r
u
n
f
o
r
p
o
l
i
t
i
c
a
l
o
f
f
i
c
e
t
o
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
c
i
t
i
z
e
n
s
.
B
T
h
e
y
w
o
r
k
a
s
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
e
s
f
o
r
l
a
r
g
e
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
.
C
T
h
e
y
s
e
r
v
e
a
s
v
o
l
u
n
t
e
e
r
s
a
t
p
o
l
l
i
n
g
p
l
a
c
e
s
o
n
e
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
d
a
y
.
D
T
h
e
y
c
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S
S
8
E
3
T
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w
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t
.
a. Define profit and describe how profit is an incentive for entrepreneurs
For those who are able to create a
successful business there are many
benefits. Some of this benefits include
being your own boss, working long
hours for yourself as opposed to
someone else, and receiving the
majority of the profit. In some cases an
extremely successful business is
bought by someone else, providing the
entrepreneur with a huge profit.
In addition to taxes, state and local governments
receive money in other ways. For example, both
state and local governments receive money from the
federal government through revenue sharing. This
helps these governments provide services they
might not otherwise be able to support and also
helps keep taxes from being increased. Which of the
following is another way state and local governments
raise revenue from citizens?
A. state and local license fees
B. government grant programs
C. federal unemployment taxes
D. federal corporation taxes
S
S
8
E
4
T
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s
t
u
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m
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t
s
.
a. Trace source s of state revenue such as sales taxes, federal
grants, personal income taxes, and property taxes
Governme
n
t/Civics
14
.
S
S
8
C
G
5
T
h
e
s
t
u
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n
t
w
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a
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f
G
e
o
r
g
i
a
.
b. Compare and contrast the weak mayor-council, the strong mayor-council, and the council-manager forms of
city government.
S
S
8
C
G
6
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
w
i
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l
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a
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s
.
b
.
D
e
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t
a
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e
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i
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t
o
c
u
s
t
o
d
y
.
The juvenile justice system was
created to both protect and bring
justice to child offenders who are
under the age of 17. When a
juvenile is taken into custody, he or
she has several rights.
S
S
8
C
G
6
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
w
i
l
l
e
x
p
l
a
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G
e
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a
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u
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o
f
f
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n
d
e
r
s
.
d. Explain the seven delinquent behaviors that can subject juvenile offenders to the adult criminal process, how the decision to transfer to
adult court is made, and the possible consequences.
There are seven specific offenses that, if a child between the ages of 13-17 commits,
will not be under the protection of the juvenile court. These offenses is under the
jurisdiction of the state Superior Court, and the juvenile will be charged as an adult. If
sentenced the child may go to a juvenile detention center until they are old enough
to be placed in an adult prison.
A
n
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w
l
y
f
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A
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B
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S
8
C
G
5
T
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s
t
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n
t
w
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G
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b
.
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t
There are over 500 cities and towns in
Georgia. Unlike other states, there is no
legal difference between a city, town, or
village. This is because cities and towns
are approved and incorporated by the
General Assembly.
There are three types of government a
municipality may have. These are weak-
mayor-council, strong mayor-council,
and council-manager
S
S
8
C
G
1
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
w
i
l
l
d
e
s
c
r
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b
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o
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t
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n
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u
n
d
e
r
G
e
o
r
g
i
a
’
s
c
o
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
.
b. Explain the concepts of separation of powers and checks and balances.
Similarly to the federal government, the
government of Georgia has separation
of powers between the three branches
of government, along with the powers
to check and balance the actions of the
other branches.
A simple way to describe these powers
is that the legislative branch (The
Georgia General Assembly) makes the
laws, the executive branch (headed by
the Governor) carries out and enforces
the laws, and the judicial branch
(headed by the Georgia Supreme
Court) determines the constitutionality
of the laws. I
S
S
8
C
G
1
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
w
i
l
l
d
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s
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r
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c
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t
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z
e
n
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n
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r
G
e
o
r
g
i
a
’
s
c
o
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
.
b. Explain the concepts of separation of powers and checks and balances.
Similarly to the federal government, the
government of Georgia has separation
of powers between the three branches
of government, along with the powers
to check and balance the actions of the
other branches.
A simple way to describe these powers
is that the legislative branch (The
Georgia General Assembly) makes the
laws, the executive branch (headed by
the Governor) carries out and enforces
the laws, and the judicial branch
(headed by the Georgia Supreme
Court) determines the constitutionality
of the laws. I
What explanation BEST justifies the
inclusion of the checks and balances
doctrine in the constitution?
A. It keeps one branch of government
from becoming too powerful.
B. It makes a distinction among the
branches of government.
C. It makes government run more
smoothly.
D. It streamlines government.
S
S
8
C
G
1
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
w
i
l
l
d
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s
c
r
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o
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n
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r
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e
o
r
g
i
a
’
s
c
o
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
.
e. Explain the role of political parties in government.
America’s political system is often
called a “two party” system. As the
name implies, the political landscape is
dominated by two parties. Since the
1860s the two major parties have been
the Republican and the Democratic.
However, in Georgia it was not until the
latter half of the 20th century that
Republicans became a political force in
the state
Which of the following BEST describes a
role of a political party?
A. A political party limits government
interference.
B. A political party votes for candidates in
an election
C. A political party safeguards the
freedom of religion
D. A political party helps voters see a
candidate’s viewpoint
W
h
i
c
h
o
f
t
h
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e
l
i
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t
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t
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c
o
r
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t
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r
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a
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p
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a
b
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t
o
b
e
c
o
m
e
a
l
a
w
i
n
G
e
o
r
g
i
a
?
A. proposal, floor action, committee action,
conference, passage, action by governor
B. proposal, committee action, floor action,
conference, passage, action by governor
C. proposal, action by governor, floor action,
committee action, conference, passage
D. proposal, action by governor, committee
action, floor action, conference, passage
S
8
C
G
2
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
w
i
l
l
a
n
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e
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r
g
i
a
s
t
a
t
e
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
.
c. Evaluate how the legislative branch fulfills its role as the lawmaking body for the state of Georgia.
The legislative branch is the law
making body of the state. In
Georgia, laws are created in the
General Assembly. Similarly to the
U.S. Congress, the Georgia
General Assembly is divided into
two houses; the House of
Representatives and the Senate
W
h
i
c
h
d
e
p
a
r
t
m
e
n
t
o
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b
r
a
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c
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p
o
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f
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t
h
e
G
e
o
r
g
i
a
H
i
g
h
w
a
y
P
a
t
r
o
l
?
A
.
t
h
e
D
e
p
a
r
t
m
e
n
t
o
f
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
.
B
.
t
h
e
D
e
p
a
r
t
m
e
n
t
o
f
P
u
b
l
i
c
S
a
f
t
e
y
.
C
.
t
h
e
D
e
p
a
r
t
m
e
n
t
o
f
T
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
.
D
.
t
h
e
D
e
p
a
r
t
m
e
n
t
o
f
E
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
.
S
S
8
C
G
3
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
w
i
l
l
a
n
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l
y
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e
t
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r
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f
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t
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b
r
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c
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e
o
r
g
i
a
s
t
a
t
e
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
.
d. Evaluate how the executive branch fulfills its role through state agencies that administer programs and
enforce laws
The executive branch is the largest
branch of Georgia’s government. The
governor is the highest position of the
executive branch and is primarily
responsible for enforcing the law.
However, the governor has many other
formal and informal duties as well.
S
S
8
C
G
6
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
w
i
l
l
e
x
p
l
a
i
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o
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e
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r
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i
a
c
o
u
r
t
s
y
s
t
e
m
t
r
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a
t
s
j
u
v
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n
i
l
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o
f
f
e
n
d
e
r
s
.
a
.
E
x
p
l
a
i
n
t
h
e
d
i
f
f
e
r
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n
c
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b
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t
w
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n
d
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l
i
n
q
u
e
n
t
b
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h
a
v
i
o
r
a
n
d
u
n
r
u
l
y
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
a
n
d
t
h
e
c
o
n
s
e
q
u
e
n
c
e
s
o
f
e
a
c
h
The juvenile justice system was
created to both protect and bring
justice to child offenders who are
under the age of 17.
W
i
t
h
j
u
v
e
n
i
l
e
s
,
w
h
i
c
h
o
f
t
h
e
s
e
d
i
s
t
i
n
g
u
i
s
h
e
s
u
n
r
u
l
y
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
f
r
o
m
d
e
l
i
n
q
u
e
n
t
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
?
A. An unruly act breaks a law that only
applies to children.
B. An unruly act creates a disturbance in
a public area.
C. An unruly act causes other people to
behave illegally.
D. An unruly act does not break any
laws, but it is offensive.
U
n
d
e
r
c
i
v
i
l
l
a
w
,
w
h
i
c
h
o
f
t
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s
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i
s
t
h
e
O
N
L
Y
p
u
n
i
s
h
m
e
n
t
a
d
e
f
e
n
d
a
n
t
c
a
n
r
e
c
e
i
v
e
?
A
.
T
h
e
d
e
f
e
n
d
a
n
t
c
a
n
b
e
i
n
c
a
r
c
e
r
a
t
e
d
.
B
.
T
h
e
d
e
f
e
n
d
a
n
t
m
u
s
t
r
e
i
m
b
u
r
s
e
t
h
e
p
l
a
i
n
t
i
f
f
.
C
.
T
h
e
d
e
f
e
n
d
a
n
t
m
a
y
b
e
g
i
v
e
n
t
h
e
d
e
a
t
h
p
e
n
a
l
t
y
.
D
.
T
h
e
d
e
f
e
n
d
a
n
t
m
u
s
t
p
a
y
a
f
i
n
e
t
o
t
h
e
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
.
S
S
8
C
G
4
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
w
i
l
l
a
n
a
l
y
z
e
t
h
e
r
o
l
e
o
f
t
h
e
j
u
d
i
c
i
a
l
b
r
a
n
c
h
i
n
G
e
o
r
g
i
a
s
t
a
t
e
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
.
b. Explain the difference between criminal law and civil law.
The judicial branch in Georgia is
responsible for interpreting the
laws created and passed by
Georgia’s legislative branch, then
approved by the governor. It also
ensures that Georgia citizens’
rights are protected by the legal
system.
I
n
t
h
e
j
u
d
i
c
i
a
l
s
y
s
t
e
m
,
a
p
p
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l
l
a
t
e
j
u
r
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s
d
i
c
t
i
o
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e
a
u
t
h
o
r
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f
a
c
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r
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t
o
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e
a
r
a
c
a
s
e
a
p
p
e
a
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d
f
r
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m
a
l
o
w
e
r
c
o
u
r
t
.
I
n
t
h
e
G
e
o
r
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i
a
j
u
d
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c
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t
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,
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c
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r
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a. Explain the structure of the court system in Georgia including trial and appellate procedures and how judges
are selected.
The judicial branch in Georgia is
responsible for interpreting the laws
created and passed by Georgia’s
legislative branch, then approved by
the governor. It also ensures that
Georgia citizens’ rights are protected
by the legal system.
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d. Evaluate how the executive branch fulfills its role through state agencies that administer programs and
enforce laws
The executive branch is the largest
branch of Georgia’s government. The
governor is the highest position of the
executive branch and is primarily
responsible for enforcing the law.
However, the governor has many other
formal and informal duties as well.
History
Several factors caused Georgia’s population to shift from rural to urban areas. However the another major factor occurred after World War II. A major
technological change in agricultural equipment further lessened the need for large numbers of agricultural workers. Some of the more important
technological changes were larger tractors, reapers, and other machinery, combined with better fertilizers that made it easier to grow and process
crops with much less man power.
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a. Analyze the impact of the transformation of agriculture on Georgia’s growth..
7
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Today, many of Georgia’s mid-sized
cities, as well as rural areas have
large populations from all over the
world. These diverse populations
provide many benefits for all
societies in the state.
Use the following quote to answer the question:
"...they might not only gain a comfortable
subsistence for themselves and families, but also
strengthen our colonies and increase the
trade…
and wealth of these our realms."
- The Georgia Charter, 1732
The quote above MOST DIRECTLY relates to which
reason for settling Georgia?
A.
defense
B.
missions
C.
Exploration
D.
economics
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James Edward Oglethorpe
(1696-1785) is often given
credit as the “founder” and
“first governor” of Georgia.
Oglethorpe lobbied to create
a new colony and eventually
he, along with 20 other
Trustees, was granted a
charter to establish Georgia.
12. In 1911, Georgia produced 2.8
million cotton bales. In 1913, Georgia
produced 600,000 bales. What factor
MOST contributed to the decline in
cotton production?
A.
eradication programs
B.
Japanese beetle
C.
boll weevil
D.
New Deal incentives
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a. Describe the impact of the boll weevil and drought on Georgia.
Due to the loss of cotton acreage, along
with the recruitment of northern
companies, millions of African-Americans
moved to northern cities. In addition, many
sharecroppers and tenant farmers, both
black and white left the farms and moved
to Georgia cities such as Atlanta and
Macon.
Additionally, the destruction of the cotton
crop forced Georgians to diversify their
economy. Cotton ceased to be Georgia’s
primary agricultural product.
*Development of smaller, more pointed
arrowheads
*Greater use of agriculture
*More elaborate burial sites
The list above MOST LIKELY
describes the
A.
evolution of early Native
American cultures in Georgia.
B.
effects of entrepreneurs on
Georgia.
C.
impact of the Spanish Mission
systems
D.
change in Georgia under the
Royal Governors.
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.
a. Describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and
Mississippian) prior to European contact
People inhabited Georgia long
before its official “founding” on
February 12, 1733. The land that
became our state was occupied
by several different groups for
over 12,000 years. Each group
had distinct technological and
cultural characteristics for each
society.
Which development resulted in
increased population and
permanent settlements among
Georgia's prehistoric Native
Americans?
A. Improved weapons meant that
more animals could be killed
efficiently.
B. The Native Americans began to
trade throughout eastern North
America.
C. Improvements in agriculture
meant food could be grown and
stored.
D. The tribes established more
complicated social structures and
ceremonies.
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.
a. Describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian)
prior to European contact.
Which evidence
BEST
supports the conclusion
that Spanish exploration and settlement had a
devastating effect on the Mississippian chiefdoms
of the Southeast?
A.
During the two centuries following the
discovery of the New World, over 90% of
the native population were killed by disease
and warfare
B.
The Spanish captured Fort Caroline and
executed the French settlers there in 1565.
C.
The food supply for Hernando de Soto's
expedition was so scarce that his men
reportedly ate the dogs in some Indian
villages.
D.
The Spanish began importing African slaves
to work in the fields and mines of the
Caribbean Islands
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8
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a
.
a. Describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact.
b. Evaluate the impact of European contact on Native American cultures; include Spanish missions along the barrier islands, and the explorations of Hernando
DeSoto.
Each of the three major European nations had
different reasons for exploring North American
and the Southeast. As discussed earlier,
Spanish interest can be summed up with the
three “G’s:” God, Glory, and Gold. Specifically,
Spain wanted to convert Native Americans to
Christianity, the conquistadors were looking for
personal fortune and fame, and the Spanish
Monarchy wanted to bring as much gold into
their treasury as possible.
Which of these accurately reflects a
WEAKNESS in the Articles of Confederation?
A.
Congress taxed citizens too much.
B.
The document was too easily amended
by the states.
C.
The central government held too much
power over the states.
D.
There was no separation of powers.
S
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8
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s
.
a. Analyze the strengths and weaknesses of both the Georgia Constitution of 1777 and the Articles of Confederation and explain how weaknesses in the Articles of
Confederation led to a need to revise the Articles.
America’s first written constitution was not the
Constitution that we have today but another
document called the Articles of Confederation
(AOC). The AOC, which was America’s
constitution from 1776-1789, provided
Americans with an extremely weak central
government. This was based on the
Americans’ experience with Britain’s
monarchy and their goal to give as much
power as they could to the “people” through
the autonomy of the states. Nevertheless, the
AOC had too many limitations that hindered
the smooth functioning of the government.
The case of Brown v. Board of Education (1954) resulted in
A.
the creation of the ‘separate but equal’ doctrine of
segregation.
B.
a ruling that stated segregation in American public
schools was inherently unequal.
C.
a ruling that stated that race-based education in Kansas
was equal in opportunity.
D.
t
he Topeka school district spending more money on
black schools.
The 1940s and 50s saw a major push by
African-Americans to fight segregation and
reclaim the civil rights that were taken from
them during the Jim Crow era. e. In protest of
pro-civil rights court rulings such as Brown v.
Board of Education, Georgia’s legislators
changed the state flag to incorporate the
Confederate battle flag in 1956. Due to this
“massive resistance” by many white
Georgians. African-Americans in the state
would not gain full civil rights for almost
another decade.
S
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8
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.
a. Describe major developments in civil rights and Georgia’s role during the 1940s and 1950s; include the roles of Herman Talmadge, Benjamin
Mays, the 1946 governor’s race and the end of the white primary, Brown v. Board of Education, Martin Luther King, Jr., and the 1956 state flag
When World War I began, the official
United States policy was
A.
to enter on the side of the Allied
Powers.
B.
to remain militarily and politically
neutral
C.
to enter on the side of the Central
Powers.
D.
to assist in the fighting that only
occurred in France
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8
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.
d. Explain reasons for World War I and describe Georgia’s contributions.
There were several reasons for World War I.
Nationalism, colonization, militarism, and the
alliance system were all contributing factors
that led to the war. All of these factors came to
a head with the assassination of Archduke
Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the throne of
Austria-Hungary at the hands of Yugoslavian
nationalist. The war lasted for four years
(1914-1918) and resulted in the death of
millions throughout Europe.
S
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.
a. Analyze the impact of the transformation of agriculture on Georgia’s growth.
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.
b. Explain how the development of Atlanta, including the roles of mayors William B. Hartsfield and Ivan Allen, Jr., and major league sports, contributed to the
growth of Georgia.
Which of these was the basic idea of the New
Deal?
A.
the Supreme Court is responsible to the
executive branch
B.
Energy production should be solely the
concern of private enterprise
C.
States’ rights have priority over rights of
the federal government
D.
the federal government has a major
responsibility for ensuring economic
prosperity
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8
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n
t
w
i
l
l
a
n
a
l
y
z
e
t
h
e
i
m
p
o
r
t
a
n
t
e
v
e
n
t
s
t
h
a
t
o
c
c
u
r
r
e
d
a
f
t
e
r
W
o
r
l
d
W
a
r
I
a
n
d
t
h
e
i
r
i
m
p
a
c
t
o
n
G
e
o
r
g
i
a
.
d. Discuss the effect of the New Deal in terms of the impact of the Civilian Conservation Corps, Agricultural Adjustment Act, rural
electrification, and Social Security.
Georgians overwhelmingly supported
President Franklin Roosevelt and his
New Deal programs throughout the
Great Depression. The New Deal
Programs provided aid and support to
many poor Georgians. Though these
programs did not end the Great
Depression, they helped many poor
Georgians cope during the difficult
economic times.
Which of the following
statements most accurately
justifies Georgia’s loyalty to
the King at the beginning of the
Revolution?
A. The royal governor was very
unpopular.
B. Georgia relied heavily upon
trade with England.
C. A strong tradition of
self−government had developed.
D. Most Georgians strongly
favored independence from
England.
S
S
8
H
3
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
w
i
l
l
a
n
a
l
y
z
e
t
h
e
r
o
l
e
o
f
G
e
o
r
g
i
a
i
n
t
h
e
A
m
e
r
i
c
a
n
R
e
v
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
.
b. Analyze the significance of people and events in Georgia on the Revolutionary War; include Loyalists,
patriots, Elijah Clarke, Austin Dabney, Nancy Hart, Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, George Walton, Battle of
Kettle Creek, and siege of Savannah.
The Loyalists, as their name implies, were loyal
to England and did not want the colonies to
break away from the mother country. Many
influential colonial Georgians remained loyal to
England including Royal Governor James
Wright and some, such as Brown, took up arms
against their fellow Georgians who sided with
the patriots. Most of the loyalist landowners
forfeited their land to the patriots and left after
the war. Loyalists were also called Tories.
In the early years of the colony,
what was one reason the
colonists were dissatisfied with
the policies of the trustees who
governed colonial Georgia?
A. The colonists could not own
slaves.
B. The colonists were not
allowed to practice their religion.
C. The colonists were not
allowed to read books.
D. The colonists could not pay
the high taxes required of them.
S
S
8
H
2
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
w
i
l
l
a
n
a
l
y
z
e
t
h
e
c
o
l
o
n
i
a
l
p
e
r
i
o
d
o
f
G
e
o
r
g
i
a
’
s
h
i
s
t
o
r
y
.
b. Evaluate the Trustee Period of Georgia’s colonial history, emphasizing the role of
the Salzburgers, Highland Scots, malcontents, and the Spanish threat from Florida.
Soon after the first colonists arrived in Georgia, they
began to voice displeasure with the rules established by
James Oglethorpe and the Trustees. These dissenters
became known as the “Malcontents.” Most of the
Malcontents were individuals who had paid their own
way to the colony and were not financially obligated to
the Trustees. The Malcontents complained about the
limits the Trustees placed on them After over 10 years
of Malcontent complaints, in 1751, the Trustees ended
restriction; thus forever changing Georgia’s history.
At the Constitutional
Convention in 1787, the Great
Compromise was introduced in
order to
A. end the debate over slavery.
B. separate Virginia and West
Virginia.
C. maintain peace between
England and America.
D. give equal representation to
both large and small states.
S
S
8
H
4
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
w
i
l
l
d
e
s
c
r
i
b
e
t
h
e
i
m
p
a
c
t
o
f
e
v
e
n
t
s
t
h
a
t
l
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
r
a
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
U
n
i
t
e
d
S
t
a
t
e
s
C
o
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
t
h
e
B
i
l
l
o
f
R
i
g
h
t
s
.
a. Analyze the strengths and weaknesses of both the Georgia Constitution of 1777 and the Articles
of Confederation and explain how weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation led to a need to
revise the Articles
Due these weaknesses, many of the nation’s most important
leaders, knew that they had to change or even completely
discard the AOC and create a new constitution. In 1787,
representatives from all 13 states meet to do just that. While
most went into the proceedings hoping to revamp the AOC,
when they departed, they had created a new constitution that
has been the law of the land for over 200 years. The most
important compromises that occurred during the
Constitutional Convention the were the Three-fifths
Compromise,,” and the Great Compromise.
Why did Georgia invest heavily
in railroads before the Civil
War?
A. to transport slaves
B. as a preparation for war
C. to attract Northern industry
D. to transport agricultural
products
S
S
8
H
5
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
w
i
l
l
e
x
p
l
a
i
n
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
t
h
a
t
a
f
f
e
c
t
e
d
t
h
e
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
G
e
o
r
g
i
a
a
s
p
a
r
t
o
f
t
h
e
g
r
o
w
t
h
o
f
t
h
e
U
n
i
t
e
d
S
t
a
t
e
s
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
1
7
8
9
a
n
d
1
8
4
0
.
c. Explain how technological developments, including the cotton gin and railroads, had an impact
on Georgia’s growth.
An important technological development that had a major
impact on the state of Georgia was the invention of the
railroad. Many of Georgia’s cities and towns were created
due to the railroad, including the city of Atlanta. The first
Georgia railroad was chartered in 1832.
In the 1840s and 1850s, railroads had spread across so
much of the state, that Georgia ranked in the top 10 for
railroad track millage. Georgia had the most miles of track in
the Deep South.
Which of the following would
have been favored by such
"New South" advocates as
Henry Grady?
A. enforcing increased
agricultural development
B. eliminating tariffs on imported
goods
C. electing more black people to
public office
D. increasing industrialization by
using local resources
S
S
8
H
7
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
w
i
l
l
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
e
k
e
y
p
o
l
i
t
i
c
a
l
,
s
o
c
i
a
l
,
a
n
d
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
c
h
a
n
g
e
s
t
h
a
t
o
c
c
u
r
r
e
d
i
n
G
e
o
r
g
i
a
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
1
8
7
7
a
n
d
1
9
1
8
.
a.
Evaluate the impact the Bourbon Triumvirate, Henry Grady, International Cotton Exposition,
Tom Watson and the Populists, Rebecca Latimer Felton, the 1906 Atlanta Riot, the Leo Frank
Case, and the county unit system had on Georgia during this period.
The years between 1877 and 1918 were a time
of both great social and economic successes
and failures in Georgia’s history.
After the Civil War and Reconstruction period,
Atlanta began its “rise from the ashes” and
slowly became one of the more important cities
in the South, proving it by hosting events such
as the International Cotton Exposition. Henry
Grady began to champion the cause of the
“New South”.
Lina Belle McCommons, a North Carolina citizen
who formerly lived in Georgia, said the following
about her younger days there:
"We benefited in this area (Greene County,
Georgia) because it was chosen for a number of
the CCC camps — the army of young workers,
who worked in forests and fields, stopping
erosion. Some people said it was a waste of
money. But it kept a lot of young fellows
employed."
To which period in Georgia's history is she
referring?
A. World War I
B. the New Deal
C. Progressive Era
D. the Square Deal
S
S
8
H
8
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
w
i
l
l
a
n
a
l
y
z
e
t
h
e
i
m
p
o
r
t
a
n
t
e
v
e
n
t
s
t
h
a
t
o
c
c
u
r
r
e
d
a
f
t
e
r
W
o
r
l
d
W
a
r
I
a
n
d
t
h
e
i
r
i
m
p
a
c
t
o
n
G
e
o
r
g
i
a
.
d. Discuss the effect of the New Deal in terms of the impact of the Civilian
Conservation Corps, Agricultural Adjustment Act, rural electrification, and
Social Security.
The New Deal Programs
provided aid and support
to many poor Georgians.
Though these programs
did not end the Great
Depression, they helped
many poor Georgians cope
during the difficult
economic times
Which was a major contribution of
Georgia during World War II?
A. Radar technology was developed
and tested at Georgia army bases.
B. Hospitals trained large numbers of
doctors and nurses for the Medical
Corps.
C. Military bases were established
that trained large numbers of U.S.
troops.
D. Research sites developed the
technology for a prototype of the
atomic bomb.
S
S
8
H
9
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
w
i
l
l
d
e
s
c
r
i
b
e
t
h
e
i
m
p
a
c
t
o
f
W
o
r
l
d
W
a
r
I
I
o
n
G
e
o
r
g
i
a
’
s
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
a
l
l
y
,
s
o
c
i
a
l
l
y
,
a
n
d
p
o
l
i
t
i
c
a
l
l
y
b. Evaluate the importance of Bell Aircraft, military bases, the Savannah and Brunswick
shipyards, Richard Russell, and Carl Vinson
As American entered World War II, Georgia made
several contributions to the effort.
Georgians contributed industrially with the construction of
both airplanes in Marietta and ships in Brunswick and
Savannah. Finally, before, during, and after the war, two
Georgia political leaders, Richard Russell and Carl
Vinson helped the country prepare and continue to fight a
long and difficult war.
W
h
i
c
h
s
t
a
t
e
m
e
n
t
b
e
s
t
d
e
s
c
r
i
b
e
s
t
h
e
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
i
m
p
a
c
t
o
f
t
h
e
C
i
v
i
l
W
a
r
o
n
G
e
o
r
g
i
a
?
A
T
h
e
b
a
t
t
l
e
s
r
u
i
n
e
d
f
a
r
m
l
a
n
d
a
n
d
d
i
s
r
u
p
t
e
d
t
r
a
d
e
p
a
t
t
e
r
n
s
.
B
B
u
i
l
d
i
n
g
w
e
a
p
o
n
s
f
o
r
s
o
l
d
i
e
r
s
m
a
d
e
G
e
o
r
g
i
a
’
s
e
c
o
n
o
m
y
g
r
o
w
.
C
T
h
e
f
i
g
h
t
i
n
g
o
v
e
r
s
l
a
v
e
r
y
m
a
d
e
G
e
o
r
g
i
a
’
s
e
c
o
n
o
m
y
o
n
e
s
i
d
e
d
.
D
D
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
w
a
r
,
G
e
o
r
g
i
a
t
r
a
d
e
d
m
o
r
e
w
i
t
h
n
o
r
t
h
e
r
n
s
t
a
t
e
s
.
S
S
8
H
6
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
w
i
l
l
a
n
a
l
y
z
e
t
h
e
i
m
p
a
c
t
o
f
t
h
e
C
i
v
i
l
W
a
r
a
n
d
R
e
c
o
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
i
o
n
o
n
G
e
o
r
g
i
a
.
Analyze the impact of Reconstruction on Georgia and other southern states, emphasizing Freedmen’s Bureau;
sharecropping and tenant farmin
g;
Reconstruction plans; 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments to the constitution; Henry
McNeal Turner and black legislators; and the Ku Klux Klan.
After leaving the city of Atlanta
utterly destroyed, Sherman set his
sights on the rest of Georgia.
Hoping to end the war as quickly
as possible, while punishing the
South for starting the war,
Sherman began his infamous
March to the Sea. The march
began on November 15, 1864,
and ended on December 21,
1864, with Sherman’s capture of
Savannah.
After World War II in the United
States, which of these trends
contributed to the growth of
Georgia?
A. a loss of confidence in exploring
new scientific methods
B. a rapid increase in technological
and industrial development
C. a renewed focus on the importance
of farming and agriculture
D. a turning away from cooperation
between business and government
S
S
8
H
1
0
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
w
i
l
l
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
e
k
e
y
p
o
s
t
-
W
o
r
l
d
W
a
r
I
I
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
s
o
f
G
e
o
r
g
i
a
f
r
o
m
1
9
4
5
t
o
1
9
7
0
.
a. Analyze the impact of the transformation of agriculture on Georgia’s
growth.
Several factors caused Georgia’s population to
shift from rural to urban areas. However the
another major factor occurred after World War II. A
major technological change in agricultural
equipment further lessened the need for large
numbers of agricultural workers. Some of the more
important technological changes were larger
tractors, reapers, and other machinery, combined
with better fertilizers that made it easier to grow
and process crops with much less man power.
In 1962 a court ruled that the
County Unit System violated which
principal?
A. Universal Suffrage
B. Freedom of Speech
C. Freedom of Religion
D. “One man, one vote”
S
S
8
H
1
2
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
w
i
l
l
e
x
p
l
a
i
n
t
h
e
i
m
p
o
r
t
a
n
c
e
o
f
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
s
o
c
i
a
l
,
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
,
a
n
d
p
o
l
i
t
i
c
a
l
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
s
i
n
G
e
o
r
g
i
a
s
i
n
c
e
1
9
7
0
.
a. Evaluate the consequences of the end of the county unit system and
reapportionment
In 1917, the state of Georgia enacted the county unit
system which gave each county a certain number of
votes during the primary based on a classification of
type (rural, town, and urban). This system effectively
strengthened the power and the influence of the rural
counties while minimizing that of those counties that
held urban centers. Since many of these counties
were the homes to more black and progressive white
voters and were allowed fewer votes, officials with
discriminatory and white supremacy practices
tended to get elected and retain power .
After Reconstruction, many state
governments, including Georgia,
passed laws that required citizens to
pay a poll tax and take a literacy test
before registering to vote. These laws
were often not enforced for white
people. Which statement best explains
the impact of a poll tax on black voters
in Georgia.
A.
The poll tax educated black voters.
B.
The poll tax meant more black
people could vote.
C.
The poll tax helped to fund voting
programs for blacks.
D.
The poll tax meant fewer black
people could vote.
The social and political gains made by
African-Americans during the 1870s and
1880s began to be chipped away by white
politicians in the 1890s. Laws called Jim
Crow Laws, named after a fictional black
ministerial character, took away most of
the citizenship rights of African-Americans.
Under these laws most blacks could not
vote or serve on juries, and were denied
many of the other rights of US citizens
SS8H7 The student will evaluate key political, social, and economic changes
that occurred in Georgia between 1877 and 1918.
b. Analyze how rights were denied to African-Americans through Jim Crow
laws, Plessy v. Ferguson, disenfranchisement, and racial violence
SS8H7 The student will evaluate key political, social, and
economic changes that occurred in Georgia between 1877 and
1918.
b. Analyze how rights were denied to African-Americans through
Jim Crow laws, Plessy v. Ferguson, disenfranchisement, and
racial violence
Homer Plessy, a black person, was
arrested on a railroad train and his case
was appealed all the way to the Supreme
Court. The 1896 court decision in Plessy v
Ferguson became the legal basis for the
next 60 years. The court ruled against
Plessy and provided a legal backing for
A. poll taxes.
B. segregation.
C. literacy tests.
D. slavery.
The social and political gains made by
African-Americans during the 1870s and
1880s began to be chipped away by white
politicians in the 1890s. Laws called Jim
Crow Laws, named after a fictional black
ministerial character, took away most of
the citizenship rights of African-
Americans. Under these laws most blacks
could not vote or serve on juries, and
were denied many of the other rights of
US citizens
•
They were against the Republican Party and the
rights given to African Americans after the Civil
War.
•
They were a loosely organized political group who
terrorized African Americans.
•
Their goals included political defeat of the
Republican Party and absolute white supremacy.
Which group of people is BEST described by the
statements listed in box?
A. The Urban League
B. The Populist Party
C. The Ku Klux Klan
D. The NAACP
S
S
8
H
6
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
w
i
l
l
a
n
a
l
y
z
e
t
h
e
i
m
p
a
c
t
o
f
t
h
e
C
i
v
i
l
W
a
r
a
n
d
R
e
c
o
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
i
o
n
o
n
G
e
o
r
g
i
a
.
c. Analyze the impact of Reconstruction on Georgia and other
southern states, emphasizing Freedmen’s Bureau; sharecropping
and tenant farming; Reconstruction plans; 13th, 14th, and 15th
amendments to the constitution; Henry McNeal Turner and black
legislators; and the Ku Klux Klan.
S
S
8
H
5
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
w
i
l
l
e
x
p
l
a
i
n
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
t
h
a
t
a
f
f
e
c
t
e
d
t
h
e
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
G
e
o
r
g
i
a
a
s
p
a
r
t
o
f
t
h
e
g
r
o
w
t
h
o
f
t
h
e
U
n
i
t
e
d
S
t
a
t
e
s
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
1
7
8
9
a
n
d
1
8
4
0
.
b. Evaluate the impact of land policies pursued by Georgia; include the
headright system, land lotteries, and the Yazoo land fraud.
A foreign visitor to the United States in the
1850s would most likely have made which of
these observations about Georgia’s economy?
A.
Cotton mills and factories! Men, women,
and children all working at machines.
B.
Tightly knit villages of 15 to 20 families,
some who work small farm plots while others
spin and weave cloth bound for England.
C.
The great planter, lord of acres and of slaves.
More common, the small farmer, independent
and self-sufficient. Both of them tied to the
production of cotton.
D.
Smoking cities teeming with immigrants and
natives hungry for work.
Which of the following best summarizes changes in
American attitudes and behavior resulting from
experience with the depression and New Deal?
A.
Citizens generally expected government to provide
more services to people in need and greater protection
against economic hardship; and to take a more active
role in improving social conditions.
B.
The people so resented the government’s increased
regulation of business, higher taxes, and interference
in their daily lives that the majority switched their
support from the Democrats to the Republicans.
C.
Americans became less involved in politics,
preferring to leave matters to the government experts,
and devoted more time to recreation and leisure.
S
S
8
H
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b. Explain economic factors that resulted in the Great
Depression.
d. Discuss the effect of the New Deal in terms of the impact of
the Civilian Conservation Corps, Agricultural Adjustment Act,
rural electrification, and Social Security.
The New Deal Programs
provided aid and support
to many poor Georgians.
Though these programs
did not end the Great
Depression, they helped
many poor Georgians cope
during the difficult
economic times
Explore Georgia's physical features and regions, such as the Blue Ridge Mountains and Coastal Plain. Learn about the economic opportunities each region offers, the impact of climate on Georgia's development, and historical significance. Test your knowledge with questions on geographic regions and the state's climate.
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GMAS Test Prep Essentials Grade: 8 Subject: Georgia Studies
8thGrade Domain Weights
Standard: SS8G1 The student will describe Georgia with regard to physical features and location. b. Describe the five geographic regions of Georgia; include the Blue Ridge Mountains, Valley and Ridge, Appalachian Plateau, Piedmont, and Coastal Plain. Georgia has five different geographic regions. Each of these regions provide the state with different resources and economic opportunity. In the north, there are three small mountainous regions, each with a differing topography. In the middle of the state is the hilly Piedmont area which is home to many of Georgia s largest cities. Finally, the state is dominated by the Coastal Plain region, which takes up three-fifths of Georgia. 1. In which region would you be MOST likely to find peanut farms in Georgia? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
2. What is the significance of the Blue Ridge Mountain region to the state of Georgia? Standard: SS8G1 The student will describe Georgia with regard to physical features and location. b. Describe the five geographic regions of Georgia; include the Blue Ridge Mountains, Valley and Ridge, Appalachian Plateau, Piedmont, and Coastal Plain. A. The region produces most of Georgia s agricultural crops. B. The region is the major textile manufacturer of the state. C. The region receives the most precipitation and is the start of most of Georgia s rivers. D. The region is the major population center of the state. Georgia has five different geographic regions. Each of these regions provide the state with different resources and economic opportunity.
Standard: SS8G1 The student will describe Georgia with regard to physical features and location. d. Evaluate the impact of climate on Georgia s development. 3. During colonial times, Georgia s mild and humid climate was a strong contributing factor to which of the following the economic activities? Georgia has a humid, subtropical climate with hot summers and mild winters, though the mountainous areas tend to be cooler than that of the rest of the state. A agriculture B glumber C the railroad industry D fresh and salt-water fishing
Standard: SS8G1 The student will describe Georgia with regard to physical features and location. d. Evaluate the impact of climate on Georgia s development. 3. During colonial times, Georgia s mild and humid climate was a strong contributing factor to which of the following the economic activities? Explanation of Correct Answer: The correct answer is (A) The region receives the most precipitation and is the start of most of Georgia s rivers. The location, elevation, and physical features of the region contribution to the increased level of precipitation of this Georgia has a humid, subtropical climate with hot summers and mild winters, though the mountainous areas tend to be cooler than that of the rest of the state. region. Precipitation that falls in this region runs off into streams that widen into the rivers that run throughout the state. A agriculture B lumber C the railroad industry D fresh and salt-water fishing
4. Which of the following statements identifies a characteristic of the Okefenokee Swamp? Standard: SS8G1 The student will describe Georgia with regard to physical features and location. c. Locate and evaluate the importance of key physical features on the development of Georgia; include the Fall Line, Okefenokee Swamp, Appalachian Mountains, Chattahoochee and Savannah Rivers, and barrier islands. The Okefenokee Swamp covers 700 square miles. Located in southeastern Georgia, the swamp can be found in four Georgia counties. Native Americans lived in the swamp dating back to the Archaic period ( Choctaw Indians gave the swamp its name which means land of the trembling earth . Now, protected by the federal government, over hundreds of animal species live in the area, the most well known being the American alligator A. It is located in the Piedmont region. B. It has the most precipitation in the state C. It is famous for its hydroelectric potential. D. It is the largest freshwater swamp in North America.
Social Studies Grade 8 Content Domain: Geography DOK: Level 5. Why have many Georgia cities and industries developed along the fall line? Standard: SS8G1 The student will describe Georgia with regard to physical features and location. c. Locate and evaluate the importance of key physical features on the development of Georgia; include the Fall Line, Okefenokee Swamp, Appalachian Mountains, Chattahoochee and Savannah Rivers, and barrier islands. The fall line is a natural boundary that separates the Piedmont and the Coastal Plain regions. Due to the drop-off of the hilly Piedmont region into the flat Coastal Plain, the waterfalls found on the fall line caused many rivers in the area to be difficult to navigate. Many mills were located on the fall line. In addition, many of Georgia s most important cities such as Columbus, Macon, and Augusta were located on the fall line due to their location as the last navigable upstream points in the state. A. Railroads were already built hers B. The land along the fall line was fertile and perfect for farming C. Ships can travel northward here from there to the northeast, D. Rapidly flowing rivers were a source of energy c
SS8G2 The student will explain how the Interstate Highway System, Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport, Georgias deepwater ports, and the railroads help drive the state s economy. a. Explain how the four transportation systems interact to provide domestic and international goods to the people of Georgia. Georgia s four transportation systems have played a major role in the state s economic development. When the colony of Georgia was founded, its location on the Atlantic Ocean and its deepwater ports such as Savannah of England s international trading empire. Later, the development of the railroad created the city of Atlanta making it one of the first cities in America that was not built near a navigable water route. In the 1920s, Atlanta sought to and became a hub for the budding airline industry. During the 1950s, Atlanta continued to be a major player in transportation as it became the southeastern center for three major interstate highways. 6. Which transportation system has had the BIGGEST impact on making Georgia a center of international business? a. The Port of Brunswick b. the MARTA rail system c. Interstates 75, 85, & 20 d. Hartsfield-Jackson Airport
SS8G2 The student will explain how the Interstate Highway System, Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport, Georgias deepwater ports, and the railroads help drive the state s economy. a. Explain how the four transportation systems interact to provide domestic and international goods to the people of Georgia. 6. Which transportation system has had the BIGGEST impact on making Georgia a center of international business? Explanation of Correct Answer: The correct answer is (D) Hartsfield-Jackson Airport. Hartsfield Jackson Airport is the major source of transportation for moving passengers and freight domestically and internationally. a. The Port of Brunswick b. the MARTA rail system c. Interstates 75, 85, & 20 d. Hartsfield-Jackson Airport
SS8H5 The student will explain significant factors that affected the development of Georgia as part of the growth of the United States between 1789 and 1840. c. Explain how technological developments, including the cotton gin and railroads, had an impact on Georgia s growth. SS8E1 The student will give examples of the kinds of goods and services produced in Georgia in different historical periods. 7. How did technological developments like the cotton gin and railroads impact Georgia s growth? Though it began as the smallest and poorest colony, after the American Revolution, Georgia quickly expanded. This was due to several factors including the invention of the cotton gin and railroads and the land cessions and forced removal of Native American tribes. The cotton gin had an immense impact of Georgia s economic and population growth, but this growth came with a terrible cost, the expansion of slavery. Another important technological development that had a major impact on the state of Georgia was the invention of the railroad. Many of Georgia s cities and towns were created due to the railroad, including the city of Atlanta. A Railroads eventually led to many people leaving Georgia, which had a negative effect on Georgia s growth. B The cotton gin require more slaves to harvest the additional cotton and this slowed the overall growth of Georgia. C Because of the new technologies, more cotton could be produced and shipped quicker, which greatly increased Georgia growth rate. D Neither the cotton gin, nor the development of railroads had any significant impact on Georgia s growth since Georgia remained the same size
Standard: SS8E4 The student will identify revenue sources for and services provided by state and local governments. a. Trace sources of state revenue such as sales taxes, federal grants, personal income taxes, and property taxes 8. What is Georgia s largest source of state income? Though there are several sources of state and local revenue, four of these include sales taxes, federal grants, personal income taxes, and property taxes. Typically, taxes are deposited into a general fund and are distributed to many different government services such as education, public safety, transportation, economic development, and natural resources. A poll tax B sales tax C income tax D inheritance tax
SS8E4 The student will identify revenue sources for and services provided by state and local governments. a. Trace sources of state revenue such as sales taxes, federal grants, personal income taxes, and property taxes 9. One of the major responsibilities of citizens is to pay taxes (e.g., sales, income, property taxes). Which of the following AREN T reasons citizens pay taxes? In order to provide services to the citizens of the state, Georgia s governments must have sources of revenue. These revenue sources include sales taxes, federal grants, personal income taxes, and property taxes. A to acquire employment B to get an allowance from the government C to maintain roads,schools, and the military D to pay for food
Standard: SS8E4 The student will identify revenue sources for and services provided by state and local governments. a. Trace sources of state revenue such as sales taxes, federal grants, personal income taxes, and property taxes In order to provide services to the citizens of the state, Georgia s governments must have sources of revenue. These revenue sources include sales taxes, federal grants, personal income taxes, and property taxes. 10. In bad economic times, people buy fewer goods and services, so Georgia loses revenue because of a decline in A personal income taxes. B property taxes. C sales taxes. D SPLOST taxes
SS8E5 The student will explain personal money management choices in terms of income, spending, credit, saving, and investing. In order to help students make better financial choices as adults, they should learn about the terms involved in helping them make personal money management choices. 10. When is the BEST time to borrow money? A when interest rates are low. B when a person has a poor credit rating. C when a person has no job or steady income D when a person wants to purchase an expensive item
SS8E5 The student will explain personal money management choices in terms of income, spending, credit, saving, and investing. In order to help students make better financial choices as adults, they should learn about the terms involved in helping them make personal money management choices. 10. Which form of payment is the most expensive for the buyer A cash. B check. C debit card. D credit card..
How was Marietta able to sustain such a large population increase in the 1940s? A The physical size of the city more than doubled during this time. B Construction of military aircraft, like the Bell Bomber, provided jobs. C The Great Depression did not affect some parts of Georgia, like Marietta D Marietta became the new capital city of Georgia when Atlanta was burned. SS8H9 The student will describe the impact of World War II on Georgia s development economically, socially, and politically. b. Evaluate the importance of Bell Aircraft, military bases, the Savannah and Brunswick shipyards, Richard Russell, and Carl Vinson SS8E1 The student will give examples of the kinds of goods and services produced in Georgia in different historical periods.
SS8E3 The student will evaluate the influence of Georgias economic growth and development. a. Define profit and describe how profit is an incentive for entrepreneurs 11. Which of these describes the MAIN role of entrepreneurs? For those who are able to create a successful business there are many benefits. Some of this benefits include being your own boss, working long hours for yourself as opposed to someone else, and receiving the majority of the profit. In some cases an extremely successful business is bought by someone else, providing the entrepreneur with a huge profit. A They run for political office to represent citizens. B They work as employees for large corporations. C They serve as volunteers at polling places on election day. D They create businesses that produce goods and services.
In addition to taxes, state and local governments receive money in other ways. For example, both state and local governments receive money from the federal government through revenue sharing. This helps these governments provide services they might not otherwise be able to support and also helps keep taxes from being increased. Which of the following is another way state and local governments raise revenue from citizens? SS8E4 The student will identify revenue sources for and services provided by state and local governments. a. Trace source s of state revenue such as sales taxes, federal grants, personal income taxes, and property taxes A. state and local license fees B. government grant programs C. federal unemployment taxes D. federal corporation taxes
SS8CG5 The student will analyze the role of local governments in the state of Georgia. b. Compare and contrast the weak mayor-council, the strong mayor-council, and the council-manager forms of city government.
SS8CG6 The student will explain how the Georgia court system treats juvenile offenders. b. Describe the rights of juveniles when taken into custody. The juvenile justice system was created to both protect and bring justice to child offenders who are under the age of 17. When a juvenile is taken into custody, he or she has several rights.
SS8CG6 The student will explain how the Georgia court system treats juvenile offenders. d. Explain the seven delinquent behaviors that can subject juvenile offenders to the adult criminal process, how the decision to transfer to adult court is made, and the possible consequences. There are seven specific offenses that, if a child between the ages of 13-17 commits, will not be under the protection of the juvenile court. These offenses is under the jurisdiction of the state Superior Court, and the juvenile will be charged as an adult. If sentenced the child may go to a juvenile detention center until they are old enough to be placed in an adult prison.
SS8CG5 The student will analyze the role of local governments in the state of Georgia. b. Compare and contrast the weak mayor-council, the strong mayor-council, and the council-manager forms of city government A newly forming city that wanted power to be spread over multiple people, instead of just one person, should choose which type of city government? There are over 500 cities and towns in Georgia. Unlike other states, there is no legal difference between a city, town, or village. This is because cities and towns are approved and incorporated by the General Assembly. There are three types of government a municipality may have. These are weak- mayor-council, strong mayor-council, and council-manager A council-manager B weak mayor-council C strong mayor-council D special purpose government
SS8CG1 The student will describe the role of citizens under Georgias constitution. b. Explain the concepts of separation of powers and checks and balances. Similarly to the federal government, the government of Georgia has separation of powers between the three branches of government, along with the powers to check and balance the actions of the other branches. A simple way to describe these powers is that the legislative branch (The Georgia General Assembly) makes the laws, the executive branch (headed by the Governor) carries out and enforces the laws, and the judicial branch (headed by the Georgia Supreme Court) determines the constitutionality of the laws. I
SS8CG1 The student will describe the role of citizens under Georgias constitution. b. Explain the concepts of separation of powers and checks and balances. Similarly to the federal government, the government of Georgia has separation of powers between the three branches of government, along with the powers to check and balance the actions of the other branches. What explanation BEST justifies the inclusion of the checks and balances doctrine in the constitution? A. It keeps one branch of government from becoming too powerful. B. It makes a distinction among the branches of government. C. It makes government run more smoothly. D. It streamlines government. A simple way to describe these powers is that the legislative branch (The Georgia General Assembly) makes the laws, the executive branch (headed by the Governor) carries out and enforces the laws, and the judicial branch (headed by the Georgia Supreme Court) determines the constitutionality of the laws. I
SS8CG1 The student will describe the role of citizens under Georgias constitution. e. Explain the role of political parties in government. America s political system is often called a two party system. As the name implies, the political landscape is dominated by two parties. Since the 1860s the two major parties have been the Republican and the Democratic. However, in Georgia it was not until the latter half of the 20th century that Republicans became a political force in the state Which of the following BEST describes a role of a political party? A. A political party limits government interference. B. A political party votes for candidates in an election C. A political party safeguards the freedom of religion D. A political party helps voters see a candidate s viewpoint
S8CG2 The student will analyze the role of the legislative branch in Georgia state government. c. Evaluate how the legislative branch fulfills its role as the lawmaking body for the state of Georgia. Which of these lists the correct order of the legislative process for a bill to become a law in Georgia? A. proposal, floor action, committee action, conference, passage, action by governor B. proposal, committee action, floor action, conference, passage, action by governor C. proposal, action by governor, floor action, committee action, conference, passage D. proposal, action by governor, committee action, floor action, conference, passage The legislative branch is the law making body of the state. In Georgia, laws are created in the General Assembly. Similarly to the U.S. Congress, the Georgia General Assembly is divided into two houses; the House of Representatives and the Senate
SS8CG3 The student will analyze the role of the executive branch in Georgia state government. d. Evaluate how the executive branch fulfills its role through state agencies that administer programs and enforce laws Which department of the executive branch is responsible for the Georgia Highway Patrol? A. the Department of Education. B. the Department of Public Saftey. C. the Department of Transportation. D. the Department of Economic Development. The executive branch is the largest branch of Georgia s government. The governor is the highest position of the executive branch and is primarily responsible for enforcing the law. However, the governor has many other formal and informal duties as well.
SS8CG6 The student will explain how the Georgia court system treats juvenile offenders. a. Explain the difference between delinquent behavior and unruly behavior and the consequences of each With juveniles, which of these distinguishes unruly behavior from delinquent behavior? A. An unruly act breaks a law that only applies to children. B. An unruly act creates a disturbance in a public area. C. An unruly act causes other people to behave illegally. D. An unruly act does not break any laws, but it is offensive. The juvenile justice system was created to both protect and bring justice to child offenders who are under the age of 17.
SS8CG4 The student will analyze the role of the judicial branch in Georgia state government. b. Explain the difference between criminal law and civil law. Under civil law, which of these is the ONLY punishment a defendant can receive? A. The defendant can be incarcerated. B. The defendant must reimburse the plaintiff. C. The defendant may be given the death penalty. D. The defendant must pay a fine to the government. The judicial branch in Georgia is responsible for interpreting the laws created and passed by Georgia s legislative branch, then approved by the governor. It also ensures that Georgia citizens rights are protected by the legal system.
SS8CG4 The student will analyze the role of the judicial branch in Georgia state government. a. Explain the structure of the court system in Georgia including trial and appellate procedures and how judges are selected. In the judicial system, appellate jurisdiction is the authority of a court to hear a case appealed from a lower court. In the Georgia judicial system, the court MOST LIKELY to hear an appeal from the Juvenile Court is the A. Probate Court. B. Superior Court. C. Appeals Court. D. Supreme Court. The judicial branch in Georgia is responsible for interpreting the laws created and passed by Georgia s legislative branch, then approved by the governor. It also ensures that Georgia citizens rights are protected by the legal system.
SS8CG3 The student will analyze the role of the executive branch in Georgia state government. d. Evaluate how the executive branch fulfills its role through state agencies that administer programs and enforce laws State programs such as education, transportation, and public safety are implemented by which branch of government? A. judicial B. executive C. federal D. legislative The executive branch is the largest branch of Georgia s government. The governor is the highest position of the executive branch and is primarily responsible for enforcing the law. However, the governor has many other formal and informal duties as well.
Standard: SS8H10 The student will evaluate key post-World War II developments of Georgia from 1945 to 1970. a. Analyze the impact of the transformation of agriculture on Georgia s growth.. Several factors caused Georgia s population to shift from rural to urban areas. However the another major factor occurred after World War II. A major technological change in agricultural equipment further lessened the need for large numbers of agricultural workers. Some of the more important technological changes were larger tractors, reapers, and other machinery, combined with better fertilizers that made it easier to grow and process crops with much less man power. 7.
SS8H12 The student will explain the importance of significant social, economic, and political developments in Georgia since 1970. e. Evaluate the importance of new immigrant communities to the growth and economy of Georgia. Today, many of Georgia s mid-sized cities, as well as rural areas have large populations from all over the world. These diverse populations provide many benefits for all societies in the state.
SS8H2 The student will analyze the colonial period of Georgia s history. a. Explain the importance of James Oglethorpe, the Charter of 1732, reasons for settlement (charity, economics, and defense), Tomochichi, Mary Musgrove, and the city of Savannah. Use the following quote to answer the question: "...they might not only gain a comfortable subsistence for themselves and families, but also strengthen our colonies and increase the trade and wealth of these our realms." - The Georgia Charter, 1732 James Edward Oglethorpe (1696-1785) is often given credit as the founder and first governor of Georgia. The quote above MOST DIRECTLY relates to which reason for settling Georgia? A. defense B. missions C. Exploration D. economics Oglethorpe lobbied to create a new colony and eventually he, along with 20 other Trustees, was granted a charter to establish Georgia.
SS8H8 The student will analyze the important events that occurred after World War I and their impact on Georgia. a. Describe the impact of the boll weevil and drought on Georgia. Due to the loss of cotton acreage, along with the recruitment of northern companies, millions of African-Americans moved to northern cities. In addition, many sharecroppers and tenant farmers, both black and white left the farms and moved to Georgia cities such as Atlanta and Macon. 12. In 1911, Georgia produced 2.8 million cotton bales. In 1913, Georgia produced 600,000 bales. What factor MOST contributed to the decline in cotton production? A. eradication programs B. Japanese beetle C. boll weevil D. New Deal incentives Additionally, the destruction of the cotton crop forced Georgians to diversify their economy. Cotton ceased to be Georgia s primary agricultural product.
SS8H1 The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia. *Development of smaller, more pointed arrowheads *Greater use of agriculture *More elaborate burial sites a. Describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact The list above MOST LIKELY describes the People inhabited Georgia long before its official founding on February 12, 1733. The land that became our state was occupied by several different groups for over 12,000 years. Each group had distinct technological and cultural characteristics for each society. A. evolution of early Native American cultures in Georgia. B. effects of entrepreneurs on Georgia. C. impact of the Spanish Mission systems D. change in Georgia under the Royal Governors.
Which development resulted in increased population and permanent settlements among Georgia's prehistoric Native Americans? A. Improved weapons meant that more animals could be killed efficiently. B. The Native Americans began to trade throughout eastern North America. C. Improvements in agriculture meant food could be grown and stored. D. The tribes established more complicated social structures and ceremonies. SS8H1 The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia. a. Describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact.
SS8H1 The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia. a. Describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact. b. Evaluate the impact of European contact on Native American cultures; include Spanish missions along the barrier islands, and the explorations of Hernando DeSoto. Which evidence BEST supports the conclusion that Spanish exploration and settlement had a devastating effect on the Mississippian chiefdoms of the Southeast? A. During the two centuries following the discovery of the New World, over 90% of the native population were killed by disease and warfare B. The Spanish captured Fort Caroline and executed the French settlers there in 1565. C. The food supply for Hernando de Soto's expedition was so scarce that his men reportedly ate the dogs in some Indian villages. D. The Spanish began importing African slaves to work in the fields and mines of the Caribbean Islands Each of the three major European nations had different reasons for exploring North American and the Southeast. As discussed earlier, Spanish interest can be summed up with the three G s: God, Glory, and Gold. Specifically, Spain wanted to convert Native Americans to Christianity, the conquistadors were looking for personal fortune and fame, and the Spanish Monarchy wanted to bring as much gold into their treasury as possible.
SS8H4 The student will describe the impact of events that led to the ratification of the United States Constitution and the Bill of Rights. a. Analyze the strengths and weaknesses of both the Georgia Constitution of 1777 and the Articles of Confederation and explain how weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation led to a need to revise the Articles. Which of these accurately reflects a WEAKNESS in the Articles of Confederation? A. Congress taxed citizens too much. B. The document was too easily amended by the states. C. The central government held too much power over the states. D. There was no separation of powers. America s first written constitution was not the Constitution that we have today but another document called the Articles of Confederation (AOC). The AOC, which was America s constitution from 1776-1789, provided Americans with an extremely weak central government. This was based on the Americans experience with Britain s monarchy and their goal to give as much power as they could to the people through the autonomy of the states. Nevertheless, the AOC had too many limitations that hindered the smooth functioning of the government.
SS8H11 The student will evaluate the role of Georgia in the modern civil rights movement. a. Describe major developments in civil rights and Georgia s role during the 1940s and 1950s; include the roles of Herman Talmadge, Benjamin Mays, the 1946 governor s race and the end of the white primary, Brown v. Board of Education, Martin Luther King, Jr., and the 1956 state flag The 1940s and 50s saw a major push by African-Americans to fight segregation and reclaim the civil rights that were taken from them during the Jim Crow era. e. In protest of pro-civil rights court rulings such as Brown v. Board of Education, Georgia s legislators changed the state flag to incorporate the Confederate battle flag in 1956. Due to this massive resistance by many white Georgians. African-Americans in the state would not gain full civil rights for almost another decade. The case of Brown v. Board of Education (1954) resulted in A. the creation of the separate but equal doctrine of segregation. B. a ruling that stated segregation in American public schools was inherently unequal. C. a ruling that stated that race-based education in Kansas was equal in opportunity. D. the Topeka school district spending more money on black schools.
SS8H7 The student will evaluate key political, social, and economic changes that occurred in Georgia between 1877 and 1918. d. Explain reasons for World War I and describe Georgia s contributions. When World War I began, the official United States policy was A. to enter on the side of the Allied Powers. B. to remain militarily and politically neutral C. to enter on the side of the Central Powers. D. to assist in the fighting that only occurred in France There were several reasons for World War I. Nationalism, colonization, militarism, and the alliance system were all contributing factors that led to the war. All of these factors came to a head with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary at the hands of Yugoslavian nationalist. The war lasted for four years (1914-1918) and resulted in the death of millions throughout Europe.
SS8H10 The student will evaluate key post-World War II developments of Georgia from 1945 to 1970. a. Analyze the impact of the transformation of agriculture on Georgia s growth.
SS8H10 The student will evaluate key post-World War II developments of Georgia from 1945 to 1970. b. Explain how the development of Atlanta, including the roles of mayors William B. Hartsfield and Ivan Allen, Jr., and major league sports, contributed to the growth of Georgia.
SS8H8 The student will analyze the important events that occurred after World War I and their impact on Georgia. d. Discuss the effect of the New Deal in terms of the impact of the Civilian Conservation Corps, Agricultural Adjustment Act, rural electrification, and Social Security. Which of these was the basic idea of the New Deal? A. the Supreme Court is responsible to the executive branch B. Energy production should be solely the concern of private enterprise C. States rights have priority over rights of the federal government D. the federal government has a major responsibility for ensuring economic prosperity Georgians overwhelmingly supported President Franklin Roosevelt and his New Deal programs throughout the Great Depression. The New Deal Programs provided aid and support to many poor Georgians. Though these programs did not end the Great Depression, they helped many poor Georgians cope during the difficult economic times.
