Gas Laws and Pressure Units

Gas laws relate pressure, volume, and temperature of gases in various units like atmospheres (atm), mmHg, kPa. Standard pressure is 1 atm with conversion factors. Understanding concepts such as STP, volume, temperature, and Dalton's Law of partial pressure is crucial for solving gas law problems. Examples and formulas illustrate how to convert pressure units and calculate partial pressures in gas mixtures.

• Gas Laws
• Pressure Units
• Conversion Factors
• STP
• Daltons Law

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1. Gas Law Mrs. Meadows

2. What is Pressure? Pressure force extended on something Pressure (P) will have different units throughout this unit HOWEVER the unit you must use is (atm) Standard pressure = 1 atm conversion factors 760 mm Hg = 1 atm 101.3 kPa = 1 atm

3. Converting units of Pressure How many atm is 780 mmgH? How many atm is 104.23 kPa? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ELNEqTZ yhxw

4. examples 340 mmHg = _____________ atm 204 kPa = ________________ atm https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7cfcFegx 9b4

5. What is STP? Standard temperature and presssure 0 Kelvin and 1 atm

6. What is volume? Volume- How large something is The units can be in liters (l) or milliliters (ml)

7. What is temperature? Temperature- how hot something is The standard unit of temperature is 273 K All temperature must be converted to Kelvins Kelvin = 0C + 273

8. What is Daltons Law of partial pressure? The pressure of each gas in a mixture The total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each gas in the mixture

9. What is the formula? Ptotal= P1+ P2+ P3+ . . .

10. Example 1 Ptotal= P1+ P2+ P3+ . . . Ptotal = 2.4 + 6.0 = 8.4 atm PH2 = 2.4 atm PHe = 6.0 atm

11. Example 2 If the total pressure of a mixture is 16.7 atm and the partial pressure of gas 1 is 5.6 atm and gas 2 is 4.76 atm, what is the partial pressure of gas 3? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TpYR4v- 3IMg

12. What is Boyles Law Relationship between Volume and Pressure The pressure of gas is inversely related to its volume. If volume decrease, the pressure increases.

13. What is the formula? P1V1 = P2V2 Where P is the pressure and V is the volume

14. Example 1 What is the new volume (L) of a 8.0 L sample of gas if the initial pressure is at 550 mm Hg after its pressure is changed to 2200 mmHg? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=noVzvUJ uxJw

15. Example 2 A gas occupies 16.2 liters at .749 atm. What is the pressure if the volume becomes 18.2 L? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DJtCZ8a65 24

16. Example 3 At an unknown pressure a gas in contained in 6.5 L. However, at standard pressure, its volume was measured to be 8.00 L. What was the unknown pressure? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KKeZBgHD _go

17. What is charles law? Relationship between Temperature and Volume Temperature of a gas in kelvin is directly related to the volume When the temperature increase so does the volume

18. What is the formula? V1T2 =V2T1 Where T in temperature (K) and V is volume

19. Example 1 A balloon has a volume of 785 mL at 21 C. If the temperature drops to 0 C, what is the new volume of the balloon? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KnHT0wmu Kj4

20. Example 2 If 14.1 liter of hydrogen at 26.0 C is expanded to 70 liters, what must the new temperature be? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KnHT0wmu Kj4

21. Example 3 The temperature of a 4.60 L sample of gas is changed from 16.0 C to 27.0 C. What will the volume of this gas be at the new temperature? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=97Uqh_g28 fk

22. What is Gay- Lussac Law? Relationship between Pressure and Temperature When pressure and temperature are directly related When the pressure increases the temperature will also increase

23. What is the formula? P1T2 = P2T1 Where P is pressure (atm) and T is temperature (K)

24. Example 1 A gas has a pressure of 6.58 kPa at 540 K. What will the pressure be at 210. K? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jfin- MwoUwQ

25. Example 2 Hydrogen has a pressure of 799.0 mm Hg at 55.0 C. What is the temperature at standard pressure? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c0nWAZZb Q_4

26. Example 3 If argon is cooled from 383.0 K to 273.15 K, what final pressure would result if the original pressure was 1.64 atm? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YEslriDHn4 w

27. What is the combined gas law? Is used when there is a change in volume, temperature, or pressure

28. What is the formula?

29. Example 1 A toy balloon has an internal pressure of 1.05 atm and a volume of 5.0 L. If the temperature where the balloon is released is 20 C, what will happen to the volume when the balloon rises to an altitude where the pressure is 0.65 atm and the temperature is 15 C? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3rW- SiQtEdg

30. Example 2 What is the volume of gas at 3.40 atm and 400.0 K, if its original volume was 500.0 L at 0.250 atm and 500.0 K? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rHSVytU PN98

31. Example 3 Carbon monoxide gas occupies 1.25 liters at 25.7 C and 1785 mm Hg. Determine the temperature at which the gas will occupy 6.250 L at 1.50 atm. OMIT (DO NOT WORRY ABOUT THIS PROBLEM)

32. What is the formula for ideal gas law? PV = nRT Where P is pressure (atm) V is volume (L) n is mole R is 0.0821 T is temperature (K)

33. Example 1 What is the number of moles of a gas that is at 29.0 C and 106.75 kPa and occupies 70.3 L? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDol4ZTM nkM

34. Example 2 0.36 moles of CO2is contained in a 4.00 L container at 27.0 C. What is the pressure in this container? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jlaWE- Ulj28

35. Avogadro's Law Back to moles Remember 1 mole = 6.02 x 1023 particles 1 mole = molar mass New: 1 mole = 22.4 L

36. Example 1 Convert 4.38 x1023 molecules of CO to Liters. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2yOY-- rvT9g

37. Example 2 4.467 liters of oxygen are in a container. Covert this amount to grams. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ySzd_EA UQBo

38. Example 3 How many liters of CO4 are in 3.74 moles? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COZNLA6 6LUE