Fundamentals of Electron Beam Ion Sources for Ionization: A Comprehensive Overview

Delve into the intricacies of Electron Beam Ion Sources (EBIS) and Electron Beam Ion Traps (EBIT) with a focus on their historical development, key operating principles, and main concepts. Explore the production of high charge states for accelerator applications, electron beam confinement, ionization potential, charge state manipulation, and commercial applications. Discover the radial confinement, breeding success, ionization mechanisms, magnetic field effects, and utility in various scientific and industrial settings.

• Ion Sources
• Ionization
• Electron Beam
• EBIS
• EBIT

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1. USPAS - Fundamentals of Ion Sources 16. Electron Beam Ion Sources/Traps (EBIS/EBIT) Daniela Leitner (LBNL, MSU), Damon Todd (LBNL), Daniel Winklehner (MIT)

2. Content EBIT/EBIS Ion sources EBIT Ion Source Fundamentals Brief History Main processes in the EBIT Source Ionization Potential and Final charge state in an EBIS/EBIT Trap Capacity Cathode E-beam production Cathodes Electron Beam Confinement Magnetic Fields Collector E-beam dump Electrodes and trapping Charge Breeder 2

3. Electron Beam Ion Sources 1967 first proposed developed at about the same time as ECR ion sources Driven by the need to use high charge states to increase the final energy for the accelerator Linac Cyclotrons 3

4. Key Concepts physical basis of operations 1) Production of an extended electron beam of a given energy (Ionization Energy!, High electron density!) 2) Creation of an electrostatic trap for the ions while they get ionized by step-by-step ionization (Confinement Time!) 3) Injection of a defined number of low charge state ions or injection of neutrals into the trap (vapor/gas) 4) Extraction of the ions when desired charge state is reached (inherently pulsed operation) EBIS do not operate with a plasma discharge! 4

5. EBIT Ion sources main concept Electron beam radial confinement and breeding successive electron impact ionization Magnetic field Trap electrodes compression of electron beam axial confinement arXiv:1411.2445 ; CERN-2013-007 G.Zschornacka,b, M.Schmidtb and A.Thornb 5

6. EBIT Ion sources main concept arXiv:1411.2445 ; CERN-2013-007 G.Zschornacka,b, M.Schmidtb and A.Thornb 6

7. EBIT overview Development today: family of ion sources, warm magnets, permanent magnets, superconducting Sources are commercial available Injector for synchrotrons: RHIC Charge Breeder for post -accelerators Other usage: atomic physics groups, x-ray generator, calibration 7

8. ReA EBIT Charge Breeder 8

9. 9

10. Particle Distributions Ensemble of particles can be described in 6D + time: or 10