French Revolution: Liberty, Law, and Rights
CH 17 FRENCH REV
CH 17 FRENCH REV
REVIEW
REVIEW
Copy in your
Copy in your
notes!!!!
notes!!!!
WRITE ME 10 FACTS ABOUT THE FR. REV.
According to the passage, what determines the limits of
liberty?
a.
the king
c.
the people
b.
the law
d.
God
•
Liberty consists of the power to do whatever
is not injurious to others; thus the enjoyment
of the natural rights of every man has for its
limits only those that assure other members
of society the enjoyment of those same rights;
such limits may be determined only by law.
•
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the
Citizen, French National Assembly, 1789
How, according to the passage, is law an expression of the general will?
a.
The king, as the people’s leader, defines the law.
b.
The nobles ensure that the law meets the needs of all people.
c.
Old laws are changed to meet new needs.
d.
All citizens are able to influence the law’s creation.
•
Law is the expression of the general will; all citizens
have the right to concur personally, or through their
representatives, in its formation; it must be the same
for all, whether it protects or punishes. All citizens,
being equal before it, are equally admissible to all
public offices, positions, and employments, according
to their capacity, and without other distinction than
that of virtues and talents.
•
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen,
French National Assembly, 1789
According to the passage, what is one of the most precious rights?
a.
freedom of movement
c.
freedom of worship
b.
freedom from taxation
d.
freedom of speech
•
Free communication of ideas and opinions is
one of the most precious of the rights of man.
Consequently, every citizen may speak, write,
and print freely, subject to responsibility for
the abuse of such liberty in the cases
determined by law.
•
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the
Citizen, French National Assembly, 1789
According to Robespierre, what is necessary to ensure liberty
exists?
a.
magistrates
c.
citizens
b.
justice
d.
the republic
•
My people, remember that if in the republic justice
does not reign with absolute sway, and if this word
does not signify love of equality and of country, then
liberty is but a vain phrase! O people, you who are
feared—whom one flatters! you who are despised; you
who are acknowledged sovereign, and are ever being
treated as a slave—remember that wherever justice
does not reign, it is the passions of the magistrates that
reign instead, and that the people have changed their
chains and not their destinies!”
•
Maximilien Robespierre, 1794
PLACE THEM IN ORDER!
•
a
10 August / King Louis XVI Tries to
Escape
•
b
21 Sept / A new parlament is set up
and voted for a Republic without a King.
•
c
21 Jan / King Louis XVI is executed
•
d
16 Oct / Queen Marie is Executed
VOCAB
•
1.
ESTATES
•
2.
RELICS OF FEUDALISM
•
3.
BOURGEOISIE
•
4.
SANS-CULOTTES
•
5.
LOUIS XVI
•
6.
TENNIS COURT OATH
•
7.
DECLARATION OF RIGHTS OF MAN
•
8.
OLYMPE DE GAUGES
•
9.
VERSAILLES
WHAT GROUPS, WERE PART OF THE
3
RD
ESTATE?
•
PEASANTS, CRAFTSPEOPLE, SHOPKEEPERS,
AND WAGE EARNERS
•
MIDDLE CLASS MERCHANTS, BANKERS, AND
PROFESSIONALS SUCH AS LAWYERS,
DOCTORS, AND WRITERS
WHY DID THE 3
RD
ESTATE OBJECT TO EACH
HAVING ONE VOTE IN
THE EASTES GENERAL?
•
THEY COULD NEVER WIN. EVEN THOUGH
THEY WERE THE MAJORITY.
•
THE VOTE WAS ALWAYS 2 TO 1.
•
SO THEY HELD THEIR OWN MEETING ON THE
TENNIS COURTS.
WHAT WAS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
CONSTITUTION OF 1791?
•
IT SET UP A LIMITED MONARCHY.
•
THERE WOULD STILL BE A KING, BUT THE
LEGISLATIVE BODY WOULD MAKE UP THE
LAWS.
•
THE KING WOULD HAVE TO SIGN THE LAWS
WHY WAS THE CATHOLIC CHURCH A
TARGET?
•
IT WAS PART OF THE OLD IDEAS.
•
THE CHURCH WAS IN THE VIEW OF THE 3RD
ESTATE PART OF THE PROBLEM SO IT MUST
GO!
LIST 3 REASONS FOR THE COLLAPSE OF
GOVERNMENT $$$$ IN France?
1.
SPENDING TO MUCH ON AMERICA’S
REVOLUTION
2.
SPENDING ON LUXURY ITEMS FOR THE
NOBILITY CLASS.
3.
LATER FIGHT A WAR WITH AUSTRIA
MORE VOCAB
•
1.
FACTION
•
2.
ELECTOR
•
3.
COUP D’ETAT
•
4.
GEORGES DANTON
•
5.
JEAN-PAUL MARAT
•
6.
JACOBINS
•
7.
COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC SAFETY
•
8.
MAXIMILIEN ROBESPIERRE
•
9.
REIGN OF TERROR
WHAT WERE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE
FACTIONS OF GIRONDINS AND MOUNTAINS?
•
GIRONDINS
RESPRESNTED THE OLD IDEAS
AND WANTED TO KEEP KING LOUIS XVI ALIVE.
•
MOUNTAINS
REPESENTED THE RADICAL SIDE
AND WANT THE KING AND THE NOBILITY
EXECUTED.
WHOM DID THE COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC SAFETY
CONSIDER TO BE THE
ENEMY OF THE STATE?
•
EASY
•
ANYONE THAT OPPOSED
MAXIMILIEN
ROBESPIERRE.
•
DEATH WAS THEIR NORMAL SENTENCE!
HOW DID THE FRENCH REVOLUTIONARY ARMY HELP
CREATE MODERN NATIONALISM (LOVE FOR ONES
COUNTRY)?
•
IT WAS THE CREATION OF THE PEOPLE.
•
THE PEOPLE DECIDED WHO THEY WOULD
FIGHT.
•
NO KING WOULD TELL THEM WHAT TO DO.
DESCRIBE THE GOVERNMENT THAT
REPLACED THE NATIONAL CONVENTION.
1.
LEGISLATIVE OR CONGRESS THAT
REPRESENTED THE PEOPLE
2.
YOU HAD 2 OF THESE
1.
COUNCILOF 500
2.
COUNCIL OF ELDERS (250 PEOPLE)
3.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE CALLED THE
DIRECTORY
VERY SIMILAR TO WHO’S GOVERNMENT?
NAPOLEON Becomes Emperor
SECTION 3 VOCAB
NAPOLEAN
•
1.
CONSULATE
•
2.
NATIONALISM
•
3.
NEOPOLEAN BONAPARTE
•
4.
CIVIL CODE
•
5.
ANNE LOUISE-GERMAINE DE STAEL
•
6.
DUKE WELINGTON
•
7.
WATERLOO
WHAT PERSONAL QUALITIES DID NAPOLEAN
POSSESS THAT GAINED HIM POPULAR SUPPORT?
•
ENERGY,
•
CHARM,
•
ABILITY TO MAKE QUICK DECISIONS,
•
KEEN INTELIGENCE,
•
EASY TO TALK WITH,
•
VERY CONFIDENT IN HIMSELF
WHAT WAS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF
NAPOLEON’S CIVIL CODE?
•
MOST IMPORTANT
•
KEPT MOST OF THE GAINS OF THE
REVOLUTION
•
EQUALITY FOR ALL UNDER THE LAW &
RELIGIOUS TOLERATION.
•
NO UNIONS
•
HARDER FOR WOMEN TO GET A DIVORCE
WHAT WERE THE 3 PARTS OF NAPOLEON’S
GRAND EMPIRE?
•
MAP ON PAGE 349
1.
FRENCH EMPIRE
2.
DEPENDENT STATES
3.
ALLIED STATES
WHY DID BEING A SEA POWER HELP
GREAT BRITAIN TO SURVIVE AND ATTACK
BY THE FRENCH?
•
GREAT BRITAIN WAS AN ISLAND COUNTRY.
•
THEIR NAVY PROTECTED THEM VERY WELL.
•
VERY HARD THEN TO INVADE!
WHY DID NAPOLEAON INVADE
RUSSIA?
•
THEY DID NOT WANT TO BE HIS FRIEND ANY
MORE.
•
SO TO MAKE A POINT THAT YOU JUST CAN’T
LEAVE HE INVADED THEM.
•
THE RUSSIANS DEFEATED HIM AND HE WAS
SENT INTO EXILE ON THE ISLAND OF ELBA.
Dependent States 1812
What happened to Napoleon?
WHY WAS WATERLOO THE END OF
NAPOLEON’S RULE?
•
NAPOLEAN WAS SO GOOD HE CONVINCED THE
ARMY AND THE COUNTRY TO TAKE HIM BACK.
•
SUCKERS!!!!
•
SO HE ATTACKS THE BRITISH (HIS ENEMY) IN
WATERLOO, BELGIUM.
•
IMAGINE THIS HE WAS DEFEATED AGAIN.
•
SO THEY SENT HIM FARTHER AWAY THIS TIME TO AN
ISLAND IN ATLANTIC CALLED ST HELENA.
St. Helena in Perspective
The choice of
St.
Helena
was no
coincidence. Unlike
Elba, this island was
not to be as pleasant a
location. In the middle
of the South Atlantic,
thousands of
kilometers from any
major land-mass,
escape was now
virtually impossible. It
was here that
Napoleon was to die in
1821
Napoleon’s Death
•
Napoleon’s Death
•
Some think Napoleon
died of cancer.
•
Others think he died
from toxic fumes from
the wallpaper in the
house he spent the last
6 years of his life.
(Arsenic)
The passages explore key aspects of the French Revolution, focusing on liberty, law, and rights as outlined in the Declarations of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. It delves into the principles of liberty, the role of law as an expression of the general will, the importance of freedom of speech, and the necessity of justice for ensuring true liberty, as seen through the perspectives of influential figures such as Robespierre.
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CH 17 FRENCH REV REVIEW Copy in your notes!!!!
According to the passage, what determines the limits of liberty? a. the king c. the people b. the law d. God Liberty consists of the power to do whatever is not injurious to others; thus the enjoyment of the natural rights of every man has for its limits only those that assure other members of society the enjoyment of those same rights; such limits may be determined only by law. Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, French National Assembly, 1789
How, according to the passage, is law an expression of the general will? a. The king, as the people s leader, defines the law. b. The nobles ensure that the law meets the needs of all people. c. Old laws are changed to meet new needs. d. All citizens are able to influence the law s creation. Law is the expression of the general will; all citizens have the right to concur personally, or through their representatives, in its formation; it must be the same for all, whether it protects or punishes. All citizens, being equal before it, are equally admissible to all public offices, positions, and employments, according to their capacity, and without other distinction than that of virtues and talents. Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, French National Assembly, 1789
According to the passage, what is one of the most precious rights? a. freedom of movement b. freedom from taxation c. d. freedom of worship freedom of speech Free communication of ideas and opinions is one of the most precious of the rights of man. Consequently, every citizen may speak, write, and print freely, subject to responsibility for the abuse of such liberty in the cases determined by law. Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, French National Assembly, 1789
According to Robespierre, what is necessary to ensure liberty exists? a. magistrates c. citizens b. justice d. the republic My people, remember that if in the republic justice does not reign with absolute sway, and if this word does not signify love of equality and of country, then liberty is but a vain phrase! O people, you who are feared whom one flatters! you who are despised; you who are acknowledged sovereign, and are ever being treated as a slave remember that wherever justice does not reign, it is the passions of the magistrates that reign instead, and that the people have changed their chains and not their destinies! Maximilien Robespierre, 1794
PLACE THEM IN ORDER! a 10 August / King Louis XVI Tries to Escape b 21 Sept / A new parlament is set up and voted for a Republic without a King. c 21 Jan / King Louis XVI is executed d 16 Oct / Queen Marie is Executed
VOCAB 1. ESTATES 2. RELICS OF FEUDALISM 3. BOURGEOISIE 4. SANS-CULOTTES 5. LOUIS XVI 6. TENNIS COURT OATH 7. DECLARATION OF RIGHTS OF MAN 8. OLYMPE DE GAUGES 9. VERSAILLES
WHAT GROUPS, WERE PART OF THE 3RDESTATE? PEASANTS, CRAFTSPEOPLE, SHOPKEEPERS, AND WAGE EARNERS MIDDLE CLASS MERCHANTS, BANKERS, AND PROFESSIONALS SUCH AS LAWYERS, DOCTORS, AND WRITERS
WHY DID THE 3RDESTATE OBJECT TO EACH HAVING ONE VOTE IN THE EASTES GENERAL? THEY COULD NEVER WIN. EVEN THOUGH THEY WERE THE MAJORITY. THE VOTE WAS ALWAYS 2 TO 1. SO THEY HELD THEIR OWN MEETING ON THE TENNIS COURTS.
WHAT WAS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CONSTITUTION OF 1791? IT SET UP A LIMITED MONARCHY. THERE WOULD STILL BE A KING, BUT THE LEGISLATIVE BODY WOULD MAKE UP THE LAWS. THE KING WOULD HAVE TO SIGN THE LAWS
WHY WAS THE CATHOLIC CHURCH A TARGET? IT WAS PART OF THE OLD IDEAS. THE CHURCH WAS IN THE VIEW OF THE 3RD ESTATE PART OF THE PROBLEM SO IT MUST GO!
LIST 3 REASONS FOR THE COLLAPSE OF GOVERNMENT $$$$ IN France? 1. SPENDING TO MUCH ON AMERICA S REVOLUTION 2. SPENDING ON LUXURY ITEMS FOR THE NOBILITY CLASS. 3. LATER FIGHT A WAR WITH AUSTRIA
MORE VOCAB 1. FACTION 2. ELECTOR 3. COUP D ETAT 4. GEORGES DANTON 5. JEAN-PAUL MARAT 6. JACOBINS 7. COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC SAFETY 8. MAXIMILIEN ROBESPIERRE 9. REIGN OF TERROR
WHAT WERE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE FACTIONS OF GIRONDINS AND MOUNTAINS? GIRONDINS RESPRESNTED THE OLD IDEAS AND WANTED TO KEEP KING LOUIS XVI ALIVE. MOUNTAINS REPESENTED THE RADICAL SIDE AND WANT THE KING AND THE NOBILITY EXECUTED.
WHOM DID THE COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC SAFETY CONSIDER TO BE THE ENEMY OF THE STATE? EASY ANYONE THAT OPPOSED MAXIMILIEN ROBESPIERRE. DEATH WAS THEIR NORMAL SENTENCE!
HOW DID THE FRENCH REVOLUTIONARY ARMY HELP CREATE MODERN NATIONALISM (LOVE FOR ONES COUNTRY)? IT WAS THE CREATION OF THE PEOPLE. THE PEOPLE DECIDED WHO THEY WOULD FIGHT. NO KING WOULD TELL THEM WHAT TO DO.
DESCRIBE THE GOVERNMENT THAT REPLACED THE NATIONAL CONVENTION. 1. LEGISLATIVE OR CONGRESS THAT REPRESENTED THE PEOPLE 2. YOU HAD 2 OF THESE 1. COUNCILOF 500 2. COUNCIL OF ELDERS (250 PEOPLE) 3. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE CALLED THE DIRECTORY VERY SIMILAR TO WHO S GOVERNMENT?
SECTION 3 VOCAB NAPOLEAN 1. CONSULATE 2. NATIONALISM 3. NEOPOLEAN BONAPARTE 4. CIVIL CODE 5. ANNE LOUISE-GERMAINE DE STAEL 6. DUKE WELINGTON 7. WATERLOO
WHAT PERSONAL QUALITIES DID NAPOLEAN POSSESS THAT GAINED HIM POPULAR SUPPORT? ENERGY, CHARM, ABILITY TO MAKE QUICK DECISIONS, KEEN INTELIGENCE, EASY TO TALK WITH, VERY CONFIDENT IN HIMSELF
WHAT WAS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF NAPOLEON S CIVIL CODE? MOST IMPORTANT KEPT MOST OF THE GAINS OF THE REVOLUTION EQUALITY FOR ALL UNDER THE LAW & RELIGIOUS TOLERATION. NO UNIONS HARDER FOR WOMEN TO GET A DIVORCE
WHAT WERE THE 3 PARTS OF NAPOLEONS GRAND EMPIRE? MAP ON PAGE 349 1. FRENCH EMPIRE 2. DEPENDENT STATES 3. ALLIED STATES
WHY DID BEING A SEA POWER HELP GREAT BRITAIN TO SURVIVE AND ATTACK BY THE FRENCH? GREAT BRITAIN WAS AN ISLAND COUNTRY. THEIR NAVY PROTECTED THEM VERY WELL. VERY HARD THEN TO INVADE!
WHY DID NAPOLEAON INVADE RUSSIA? THEY DID NOT WANT TO BE HIS FRIEND ANY MORE. SO TO MAKE A POINT THAT YOU JUST CAN T LEAVE HE INVADED THEM. THE RUSSIANS DEFEATED HIM AND HE WAS SENT INTO EXILE ON THE ISLAND OF ELBA.
WHY WAS WATERLOO THE END OF NAPOLEON S RULE? NAPOLEAN WAS SO GOOD HE CONVINCED THE ARMY AND THE COUNTRY TO TAKE HIM BACK. SUCKERS!!!! SO HE ATTACKS THE BRITISH (HIS ENEMY) IN WATERLOO, BELGIUM. IMAGINE THIS HE WAS DEFEATED AGAIN. SO THEY SENT HIM FARTHER AWAY THIS TIME TO AN ISLAND IN ATLANTIC CALLED ST HELENA.
St. Helena in Perspective The choice of St. Helena was no coincidence. Unlike Elba, this island was not to be as pleasant a location. In the middle of the South Atlantic, thousands of kilometers from any major land-mass, escape was now virtually impossible. It was here that Napoleon was to die in 1821
Napoleons Death Napoleon s Death Some think Napoleon died of cancer. Others think he died from toxic fumes from the wallpaper in the house he spent the last 6 years of his life. (Arsenic)
