Family Laws and Marriage Legalities in Pakistan
M
ARRIAGE
L
AW
IN
P
AKISTAN
The legal system of Pakistan is based on
English common law and Islamic law. The former
is more influential in commercial law while the
later is more influential in personal status,
criminal and tax law to some extent.
Family laws in Pakistan are a blend of codified
law and customary law based on religious norms,
also termed as ‘Personal Law’
Presently about fifty one (51) family laws are
enforceable in Pakistan, out of which thirty seven
(37) laws are federal, while the remaining are
provincial
About sixteen (16) family laws deal specifically
with family matters relating to Muslims, three
(3) with Christians, eleven (11)with Hindus, one
(1) federal law each with Sikhs and Parsis, while
about nineteen (19) are applicable across the
board to all citizens of Pakistan, with a few
exceptions.
Law and Application target group
Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act 1939 (Muslim)
Muslim Family Laws Ordinance, 1961 (Muslim)
Family Courts Act, 1964 (Muslim)
The Divorce Act, 1869 (Christian)
Parsi Marriage and Divorce Act, 1936 (Parsi)
Dowry and Bridal Gifts (Restriction) Act 1976(All
citizens of Pakistan)
Guardians and Wards Act (applicable to all citizens
Pakistan but the communities may follow their own
personal law instead)
M
ARRIAGE
It is the legal union of a man and a woman as
husband and wife with mutual consent. Under
Muslim Personal Law, ‘marriage or Nikkah is a
religious legal contract that regularizes the
sexual relationship between man and woman.
Common law regards marriage as a civil contract with
the following conditions:
Parties are legally capable of contracting marriage
Mutual consent or agreement
An actual contracting in the form prescribe
R
EGISTRATION
OF
MARRIAGE
Every marriage solemnized under Muslim Law
shall be registered in accordance with the
provisions of the Ordinance.
For the purpose of registration of marriages
under this Ordinance, the Union Council shall
grant licenses to one or more persons, to be
called Nikkah Registrars.
M
USLIM
M
ARRIAGE
The Muslim Family Laws Ordinance, 1961, deals
with inter alia., the modes for the dissolution of
Muslim marriage, maintenance and dower.
M
EHER
Meher is a mandatory payment, in the form of
money or possessions paid or promised to pay by
the groom, or by groom's father, to the bride at
the time of
marriage
, that legally becomes her
property.
The specified dower is further sub-classified into
“prompt” and “deferred” dower. The prompt
dower is payable immediately at the time of
marriage..
P
OLYGAMY
Written Permission
Arbitration Council
Nomination of representative by existing wife and
husband
M
USLIM
FAMILY
LAW
ORDINANCE
1961
‘’Talaq’’ or dissolution of marriage is the ending of
a marriage before the death of either spouse.
By the husband at his will
By mutual consent of the husband and
wife(section 8)
By a judicial decree at the suit of the husband or
wife.
Husband pronounces Talaq (Article 7 of Muslim
family law ordinance)
A verbal Talaq is not recognized by law and the
husband’s failure to send written notice to the
government office is treated as no divorce in law.
Talaq-al-mariz (Divorce by the Sick)
Talaq Against a Minor or Insane Wife
Talaq-e-tafviz: (Delegation of the Power of Talaq)
Khul’a
Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act 1939
Any ground recognized as valid for the dissolution of
marriage under Muslim law are to be presented by
wife for Khul’a in court.
There basic 10 such basic conditions mentioned in the
Muslim law.
T
HE
I
SSUE
OF
THE
P
AYMENT
OF
C
ONSIDERATION
IN
C
ASE
OF
K
HUL
’
A
without compensation
with compensation.
C
HRISTIAN
M
ARRIAGE
AND
D
IVORCE
Issues concerning dissolution of marriage
amongst Christians are dealt under the Divorce
Act, 1869.
The primary concept of dissolution of marriage in
Christianity is through the death of one of the
spouses. Divorce during the spouses’ lifetime is
permitted only on very restricted grounds for
both husband and wife through court
intervention.
H
INDU
M
ARRIAGE
There is no right of divorce and right to second
marriage under Hindu religion. The prevailing
Hindu personal laws in Pakistan are inadequate
in contrast to the laws in India that provide these
rights.
P
ARSI
M
ARRIAGE
In Parsi law, including the Parsi Marriage and
Divorce Act, 1936, any of the spouses can have
the marriage dissolved by the following three
modes, though there appears a little distinction
between the rights of husband and wife in this
respect:
Suit for nullity
Suit for dissolution of marriage
Suit for divorce
Thank You
The legal system of Pakistan blends English common law and Islamic law, influencing various aspects such as commercial and personal laws. Family laws in Pakistan are a mix of codified and customary laws, with different laws applicable to different religious communities. Specific laws govern marriage, divorce, and family matters for Muslims, Christians, Hindus, Sikhs, Parsis, and citizens in general. Marriage is a legal union characterized by mutual consent and may vary in conditions based on common law or religious practices.
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Presentation Transcript
The legal system of Pakistan is based on English common law and Islamic law. The former is more influential in commercial law while the later is more influential in personal status, criminal and tax law to some extent.
Family laws in Pakistan are a blend of codified law and customary law based on religious norms, also termed as Personal Law Presently about fifty one (51) family laws are enforceable in Pakistan, out of which thirty seven (37) laws are federal, while the remaining are provincial
About sixteen (16) family laws deal specifically with family matters relating to Muslims, three (3) with Christians, eleven (11)with Hindus, one (1) federal law each with Sikhs and Parsis, while about nineteen (19) are applicable across the board to all citizens of Pakistan, with a few exceptions.
Law and Application target group Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act 1939 (Muslim) Muslim Family Laws Ordinance, 1961 (Muslim) Family Courts Act, 1964 (Muslim) The Divorce Act, 1869 (Christian) Parsi Marriage and Divorce Act, 1936 (Parsi) Dowry and Bridal Gifts (Restriction) Act 1976(All citizens of Pakistan) Guardians and Wards Act (applicable to all citizens Pakistan but the communities may follow their own personal law instead)
MARRIAGE It is the legal union of a man and a woman as husband and wife with mutual consent. Under Muslim Personal Law, marriage or Nikkah is a religious legal contract that regularizes the sexual relationship between man and woman.
Common law regards marriage as a civil contract with the following conditions: Parties are legally capable of contracting marriage Mutual consent or agreement An actual contracting in the form prescribe
REGISTRATION OF MARRIAGE Every marriage solemnized under Muslim Law shall be registered in accordance with the provisions of the Ordinance. For the purpose of registration of marriages under this Ordinance, the Union Council shall grant licenses to one or more persons, to be called Nikkah Registrars.
MUSLIM MARRIAGE The Muslim Family Laws Ordinance, 1961, deals with inter alia., the modes for the dissolution of Muslim marriage, maintenance and dower.
MEHER Meher is a mandatory payment, in the form of money or possessions paid or promised to pay by the groom, or by groom's father, to the bride at the time of marriage, that legally becomes her property. The specified dower is further sub-classified into prompt and deferred dower. The prompt dower is payable immediately at the time of marriage..
POLYGAMY Written Permission Arbitration Council Nomination of representative by existing wife and husband
MUSLIM FAMILY LAW ORDINANCE 1961 Talaq or dissolution of marriage is the ending of a marriage before the death of either spouse. By the husband at his will By mutual consent of the husband and wife(section 8) By a judicial decree at the suit of the husband or wife.
Husband pronounces Talaq (Article 7 of Muslim family law ordinance) A verbal Talaq is not recognized by law and the husband s failure to send written notice to the government office is treated as no divorce in law.
Talaq-al-mariz (Divorce by the Sick) Talaq Against a Minor or Insane Wife Talaq-e-tafviz: (Delegation of the Power of Talaq) Khul a Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act 1939
Any ground recognized as valid for the dissolution of marriage under Muslim law are to be presented by wife for Khul a in court. There basic 10 such basic conditions mentioned in the Muslim law.
THE ISSUE OF THE PAYMENT OF CONSIDERATION IN CASE OF KHUL A without compensation with compensation.
CHRISTIAN MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE Issues concerning dissolution of marriage amongst Christians are dealt under the Divorce Act, 1869. The primary concept of dissolution of marriage in Christianity is through the death of one of the spouses. Divorce during the spouses lifetime is permitted only on very restricted grounds for both husband and wife through court intervention.
HINDU MARRIAGE There is no right of divorce and right to second marriage under Hindu religion. The prevailing Hindu personal laws in Pakistan are inadequate in contrast to the laws in India that provide these rights.
PARSI MARRIAGE In Parsi law, including the Parsi Marriage and Divorce Act, 1936, any of the spouses can have the marriage dissolved by the following three modes, though there appears a little distinction between the rights of husband and wife in this respect: Suit for nullity Suit for dissolution of marriage Suit for divorce
Thank You Thank You
