Family Dynamics and Relationships
3
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MARRIAGE
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SOCIALLY APPROVED MATING RELATIONSHIP
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NORMS
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CULTURALLY DEFINED RULES FOR BEHAVIORS
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CEREMONIAL MARRIAGES
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FOLLOWING SPECIFIC PROCEDURES
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NONCEREMONIAL MARRIAGES
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“COMMON-LAW MARRIAGES” ESTABLISHED
BY LIVING TOGETHER
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BIGAMY
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LAW AGAINST MARRYING ANOTHER WHILE
FIRST MARRIAGE IS STILL LEGAL
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“
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”
”
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FAMILY IS DEFINED AS…
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ANY SEXUALLY EXPRESSIVE OR PARENT-CHILD
RELATIONSHIP IN WHICH:
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PEOPLE LIVE TOGETHER WITH A COMMITMENT IN
AN INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP
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THE MEMBERS SEE THEIR IDENTITIES AS
IMPORTANTLY ATTACHED TO THE GROUP
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THE GROUP HAS AN IDENTITY OF ITS OWN
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FICTIVE KIN
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NONRELATIVES WHO ARE ACCEPTED AS PART OF
THE FAMILY
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PROBLEMS WITH U.S. CENSUS DEFINITION;
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MANY CHILDREN CARED FOR BY FICTIVE KIN ARE
NOT REGISTERED AS FAMILY MEMBERS
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LEGITIMIZING SEXUAL ACTIVITY
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INCEST TABOO SERVES MANY FUNCTIONS
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ENDOGAMY AND EXOGAMY
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PROCREATION AND SOCIALIZATION
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“LEGITIMATE” BIRTHS; FAMILY IS STILL CONSIDERED PRIMARY
SOCIALIZATION AGENT FOR CHILDREN
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EMOTIONAL SUPPORT
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FAMILIES ARE PRIMARY GROUPS THAT ENDURE AND OFFER SUPPORT
FOR LIFE, UNLIKE SECONDARY GROUPS
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SOCIAL PLACEMENT AND ROLES
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FAMILIES OFFER SEVERAL STATUSES (SOCIAL POSITIONS) AND ROLES
(BEHAVIOR EXPECTATIONS) THAT MAY CHANGE OVER TIME
D
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Y
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F
A
M
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L
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E
S
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FAMILY OF ORIENTATION
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INTO WHICH A PERSON IS BORN
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FAMILY OF PROCREATION
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FORMS LATER BY MARRYING
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KINSHIP SYSTEM
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BY BLOOD, MARRIAGE, ADOPTION
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NUCLEAR FAMILY
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HUSBAND, WIFE, AND CHILDREN
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CONJUGAL FAMILY
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ANOTHER TERM FOR NUCLEAR
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EXTENDED FAMILY
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TWO OR MORE GENERATIONS
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CONSANGUINE FAMILY
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USED IN PLACE OF EXTENDED
BOY! ARE THERE
A LOT OF DIFFERENT
KINDS OF FAMILIES.
F
O
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M
S
O
F
M
A
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R
I
A
G
E
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MONOGAMY
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ONE MAN AND WOMAN ARE MARRIED
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SERIAL MONOGAMY
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MARRYING DIFFERENT PERSONS, ONE AT A
TIME (MARRIAGE, DIVORCE,
REMARRIAGE)
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POLYGAMY
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MORE THAN ONE SPOUSE
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POLYGYNY - MORE THAN ONE WIFE
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POLYANDRY - MORE THAN ONE HUSBAND
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GROUP MARRIAGE
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RARE; SUCH COMMUNITIES IN THE UNITED
STATES HAVE BEEN SHORT-LIVED
MY THIRD AND
HIS FOURTH…IT
HAS TO WORK
THIS TIME!
A
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H
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Y
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S
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D
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C
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N
T
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AUTHORITY PATTERNS
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PATRIARCHY
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MATRIARCHY
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EGALITARIAN
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RESIDENTIAL PATTERNS
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PATRILOCAL
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MATRILOCAL
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NEOLOCAL
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PATTERNS OF DESCENT
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PATRILINEAL
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MATRILINEAL
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BILINEAL
GIRLS…LET ME TELL YOU
ABOUT FAMILY TRADITIONS!
•
FAMILIES WERE HAPPIER IN THE PAST
•
GLORIFIED PAST OUT OF IGNORANCE
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MARRYING AND HAVING KIDS IS THE
“NATURAL” THING TO DO
•
JUST LOOK AT THE STATISTICS WHEN IT COMES TO
SINGLEHOOD AND CHILDLESS COUPLES BY CHOICE
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“GOOD” FAMILIES ARE SELF-SUFFICIENT
FAMILIES
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FEW FAMILIES ARE EVER TOTALLY SELF-SUFFICIENT,
PAST OR PRESENT
E
V
E
N
M
O
R
E
M
Y
T
H
S
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THE FAMILY IS A LOVING SOCIAL INSTITUTION
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IT IS ONE OF THE MOST VIOLENT AND FAR FROM THE
HAVEN IT REPORTEDLY OFFERS MEMBERS
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WE SHOULD ALL STRIVE TO HAVE THE “PERFECT
FAMILY”
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ONLY ON T.V. AND IN THE MOVIES
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FAMILIES WE LIVE “WITH” (THE WAY THEY ARE)
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FAMILIES WE LIVE “”BY” (THE WAY WE PREFER)
V
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W
S
O
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T
H
E
C
H
A
N
G
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N
G
F
A
M
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Y
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THE FAMILY IS DETERIORATING
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WIDELY IGNORED MORAL OBLIGATIONS TO THE
FAMILY
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THE FAMILY IS JUST CHANGING, NOT
DETERIORATING
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FAMILIES ARE JUST ADJUSTING TO A RAPIDLY
CHANGING SOCIETY
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THE FAMILY IS STRONGER THAN EVER
•
MORE PROTECTION AND INTEREST THAN AT ANY
TIME IN HISTORY
•
BOTTOMLINE: IT IS A MATTER OF HOW ONE
DEFINES FAMILY WEAKNESS AND STRENGTH
THE FAMILY
IS DOING JUST
FINE! DON’T BE
SO NEGATIVE!
•
DEMOGRPAHIC CHANGES
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COMBINED MINORITIES FOR A MAJORITY
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SINGLES AND COHABITANTS
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SINGLEHOOD INCREASING
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MARRIAGE-DIVORCE-REMARRIAGE
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SERIAL MONOGAMY AND RECONSTITUTED FAMILIES
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ESTIMATES HAVE IT THAT 25 PERCENT OF CHILDREN LIVE WITH A
STEPPARENT BY THE TIME THEY ARE 16
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SINGLE-PARENT FAMILIES
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25 PERCENT IN THE LATE 2000’S, UP FROM 9 PERCENT IN 1960
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WORKING MOTHERS
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HALF OF MOTHERS WITH CHILDREN UNDER ONE YEAR OF AGE WORK
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RACIAL-ETHNIC CHANGES
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130 DISTINCT ETHNIC GROUPS IN AMERICA
CONTAINING A COMBINED TOTAL OF 250
MILLION PERSONS
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FASTEST GROWING GROUPS
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HISPANIC AMERICAN GROUSS
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ASIAN AMERICAN GROUPS
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MIDDLE-EAST/SOUTHEAST ASIAN GROUPS
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BY 2030 TO 2050, EXPERTS BELIEVE THAT
CURRENT MINORITY GROUPS WILL
COMBINE TO BE THE NEW MAJORITY
GROUP IN AMERICA
MOMMY…I AM
GLAD WE HAVE
SUCH A LARGE
FAMILY…ITS
NICE.
M
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R
O
-
L
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V
E
L
E
X
P
L
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T
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FREEDOMS AND RESPONSIBILITIES WHICH COME
FROM OPERATING WITHIN INDIVIDUAL CHOICES
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INDIVIDUAL FAILINGS HAVE LED TO PROBLEMS
WITHIN THE FAMILY
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INDIVIDUALS NO LONGER WISH TO ACCEPT
RESPONSIBILITY FOR THEIR OWN ACTIONS AND
CHOICES
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MACRO FORCES FOCUS ATTENTION ON LARGE-
SCALE PATTERNS WHICH ACT TO CONSTRAINT OR
LIMIT PERSONAL CHOICES
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ECONOMIC FORCES
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SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS DICTATES MUCH
OF ONE’S LIFE EXPERIENCES AND LIMITS
CHOICES
•
TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
•
A DOUBLE-EDGED SWORD THAT HAS
BROUGHT PEOPLE TOGETHER AND TORN
THEM APART; THE INTERNET
•
FAMILY POLICIES
•
GOVERNMENTS AT ALL LEVELS PASS LAWS
WHICH IMPACT FAMILIES AND INDIVIDUALS
I WISH I HAD
MORE CHOICES!
This presentation explores the various aspects of families, including marriage norms, definitions of family, societal views on sexual activity, and diversity within family structures. It delves into the significance of family as a primary socialization agent, emotional support system, and provider of social placement and roles. The content covers topics such as the legitimacy of various family formations and the functions served by taboos such as incest, shedding light on the complexities and diversity found within different family orientations and structures.
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Presentation Transcript
3RD EDITION 3RD EDITION BY BY NIJOLE V. BENOKRAITIS, PH.D NIJOLE V. BENOKRAITIS, PH.D A POWERPOINT A POWERPOINT PRESENTATION PACKAGE PRESENTATION PACKAGE PREPARED BY PREPARED BY ROGER J. EICH, PH.D. ROGER J. EICH, PH.D. HAWKEYE COMMUNITY COLLEGE HAWKEYE COMMUNITY COLLEGE
MARRIAGE SOCIALLY APPROVED MATING RELATIONSHIP NORMS CULTURALLY DEFINED RULES FOR BEHAVIORS CEREMONIAL MARRIAGES FOLLOWING SPECIFIC PROCEDURES NONCEREMONIAL MARRIAGES COMMON-LAW MARRIAGES ESTABLISHED BY LIVING TOGETHER BIGAMY LAW AGAINST MARRYING ANOTHER WHILE FIRST MARRIAGE IS STILL LEGAL
WHAT MAKES UP FAMILY? WHAT MAKES UP FAMILY? FAMILY IS DEFINED AS ANY SEXUALLY EXPRESSIVE OR PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIP IN WHICH: PEOPLE LIVE TOGETHER WITH A COMMITMENT IN AN INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP THE MEMBERS SEE THEIR IDENTITIES AS IMPORTANTLY ATTACHED TO THE GROUP THE GROUP HAS AN IDENTITY OF ITS OWN FICTIVE KIN NONRELATIVES WHO ARE ACCEPTED AS PART OF THE FAMILY PROBLEMS WITH U.S. CENSUS DEFINITION; MANY CHILDREN CARED FOR BY FICTIVE KIN ARE NOT REGISTERED AS FAMILY MEMBERS
LEGITIMIZING SEXUAL ACTIVITY INCEST TABOO SERVES MANY FUNCTIONS ENDOGAMY AND EXOGAMY PROCREATION AND SOCIALIZATION LEGITIMATE BIRTHS; FAMILY IS STILL CONSIDERED PRIMARY SOCIALIZATION AGENT FOR CHILDREN EMOTIONAL SUPPORT FAMILIES ARE PRIMARY GROUPS THAT ENDURE AND OFFER SUPPORT FOR LIFE, UNLIKE SECONDARY GROUPS SOCIAL PLACEMENT AND ROLES FAMILIES OFFER SEVERAL STATUSES (SOCIAL POSITIONS) AND ROLES (BEHAVIOR EXPECTATIONS) THAT MAY CHANGE OVER TIME
DIVERITY IN FAMILIES DIVERITY IN FAMILIES FAMILY OF ORIENTATION INTO WHICH A PERSON IS BORN FAMILY OF PROCREATION FORMS LATER BY MARRYING KINSHIP SYSTEM BY BLOOD, MARRIAGE, ADOPTION NUCLEAR FAMILY HUSBAND, WIFE, AND CHILDREN CONJUGAL FAMILY ANOTHER TERM FOR NUCLEAR EXTENDED FAMILY TWO OR MORE GENERATIONS CONSANGUINE FAMILY USED IN PLACE OF EXTENDED BOY! ARE THERE A LOT OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF FAMILIES.
FORMS OF MARRIAGE FORMS OF MARRIAGE MONOGAMY ONE MAN AND WOMAN ARE MARRIED SERIAL MONOGAMY MARRYING DIFFERENT PERSONS, ONE AT A TIME (MARRIAGE, DIVORCE, REMARRIAGE) POLYGAMY MORE THAN ONE SPOUSE POLYGYNY - MORE THAN ONE WIFE POLYANDRY - MORE THAN ONE HUSBAND GROUP MARRIAGE RARE; SUCH COMMUNITIES IN THE UNITED STATES HAVE BEEN SHORT-LIVED MY THIRD AND HIS FOURTH IT HAS TO WORK THIS TIME!
AUTHORITY, RESIDENCE, AND DESCENT AUTHORITY, RESIDENCE, AND DESCENT AUTHORITY PATTERNS PATRIARCHY MATRIARCHY EGALITARIAN RESIDENTIAL PATTERNS PATRILOCAL MATRILOCAL NEOLOCAL PATTERNS OF DESCENT PATRILINEAL MATRILINEAL BILINEAL GIRLS LET ME TELL YOU ABOUT FAMILY TRADITIONS!
FAMILIES WERE HAPPIER IN THE PAST GLORIFIED PAST OUT OF IGNORANCE MARRYING AND HAVING KIDS IS THE NATURAL THING TO DO JUST LOOK AT THE STATISTICS WHEN IT COMES TO SINGLEHOOD AND CHILDLESS COUPLES BY CHOICE GOOD FAMILIES ARE SELF-SUFFICIENT FAMILIES FEW FAMILIES ARE EVER TOTALLY SELF-SUFFICIENT, PAST OR PRESENT
EVEN MORE MYTHS EVEN MORE MYTHS THE FAMILY IS A LOVING SOCIAL INSTITUTION IT IS ONE OF THE MOST VIOLENT AND FAR FROM THE HAVEN IT REPORTEDLY OFFERS MEMBERS WE SHOULD ALL STRIVE TO HAVE THE PERFECT FAMILY ONLY ON T.V. AND IN THE MOVIES FAMILIES WE LIVE WITH (THE WAY THEY ARE) FAMILIES WE LIVE BY (THE WAY WE PREFER)
VIEWS ON THE CHANGING FAMILY VIEWS ON THE CHANGING FAMILY THE FAMILY IS DETERIORATING WIDELY IGNORED MORAL OBLIGATIONS TO THE FAMILY THE FAMILY IS JUST CHANGING, NOT DETERIORATING FAMILIES ARE JUST ADJUSTING TO A RAPIDLY CHANGING SOCIETY THE FAMILY IS STRONGER THAN EVER MORE PROTECTION AND INTEREST THAN AT ANY TIME IN HISTORY BOTTOMLINE: IT IS A MATTER OF HOW ONE DEFINES FAMILY WEAKNESS AND STRENGTH THE FAMILY IS DOING JUST FINE! DON T BE SO NEGATIVE!
DEMOGRPAHIC CHANGES COMBINED MINORITIES FOR A MAJORITY SINGLES AND COHABITANTS SINGLEHOOD INCREASING MARRIAGE-DIVORCE-REMARRIAGE SERIAL MONOGAMY AND RECONSTITUTED FAMILIES ESTIMATES HAVE IT THAT 25 PERCENT OF CHILDREN LIVE WITH A STEPPARENT BY THE TIME THEY ARE 16 SINGLE-PARENT FAMILIES 25 PERCENT IN THE LATE 2000 S, UP FROM 9 PERCENT IN 1960 WORKING MOTHERS HALF OF MOTHERS WITH CHILDREN UNDER ONE YEAR OF AGE WORK
RACIAL-ETHNIC CHANGES 130 DISTINCT ETHNIC GROUPS IN AMERICA CONTAINING A COMBINED TOTAL OF 250 MILLION PERSONS FASTEST GROWING GROUPS HISPANIC AMERICAN GROUSS ASIAN AMERICAN GROUPS MIDDLE-EAST/SOUTHEAST ASIAN GROUPS BY 2030 TO 2050, EXPERTS BELIEVE THAT CURRENT MINORITY GROUPS WILL COMBINE TO BE THE NEW MAJORITY GROUP IN AMERICA MOMMY I AM GLAD WE HAVE SUCH A LARGE FAMILY ITS NICE.
MICRO MICRO- -LEVEL EXPLANATIONS LEVEL EXPLANATIONS FREEDOMS AND RESPONSIBILITIES WHICH COME FROM OPERATING WITHIN INDIVIDUAL CHOICES INDIVIDUAL FAILINGS HAVE LED TO PROBLEMS WITHIN THE FAMILY INDIVIDUALS NO LONGER WISH TO ACCEPT RESPONSIBILITY FOR THEIR OWN ACTIONS AND CHOICES
MACRO FORCES FOCUS ATTENTION ON LARGE- SCALE PATTERNS WHICH ACT TO CONSTRAINT OR LIMIT PERSONAL CHOICES ECONOMIC FORCES SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS DICTATES MUCH OF ONE S LIFE EXPERIENCES AND LIMITS CHOICES TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION A DOUBLE-EDGED SWORD THAT HAS BROUGHT PEOPLE TOGETHER AND TORN THEM APART; THE INTERNET FAMILY POLICIES GOVERNMENTS AT ALL LEVELS PASS LAWS WHICH IMPACT FAMILIES AND INDIVIDUALS I WISH I HAD MORE CHOICES!
