Factors Influencing Climate Patterns
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Factors that Affect Climate
Factors that Affect Climate
Pattern of weather over a long period of time
Latitude
◦
Main temperature
control
◦
3 zones of
latitude
◦
Closer to equator
= hotter
Which zone of latitude
would you prefer to
live in and why?
Air Masses
◦
Large volume of air
◦
Crosses wide range of land
◦
Temperature is the same
within the air mass
◦
Takes on temperature and
precipitation of surface
◦
Moves by wind and jet
streams
◦
Fronts form from colliding
air masses
Continentality
◦
Effect of the location of a place on
climate
◦
Inland locations have larger
temperature ranges, and usually
drier conditions
Why is there a
bigger
difference in
temperature
between
January and
July in
Spokane?
Elevation
◦
Altitude
◦
Height above sea
level
◦
Higher up mountain,
the colder it is
◦
Affects precipitation
patterns; continued
cooling brings
precipitation
Explain why high
mountaintops are
always covered by
snow, even in the
Tropics.
Mountain Barriers
◦
Rain shadow affect
How would you explain the
formation of the Great Basin in
the American Southwest?
Ocean Currents
◦
Movements of the ocean’s waters in a
circular pattern
◦
Created by Earth’s winds, rotations, and
varying ocean temperatures
◦
Subtly increases or reduces
temperature
◦
Cold currents create dry conditions;
warm currents create wet conditions
Ocean Currents
◦
Recurring alterations to
weather patterns also impact
climate
◦
Periodic reversal in ocean
currents and water
temperatures, El Nino, is
linked to global warming
◦
Low pressure rises, and vice
versa
◦
Trade winds stop, or even
reverse
◦
Influences climate around the
world in a domino effect
How does the Gulf
Stream impact areas
such as England and
Ireland?
Pressure/Prevailing Winds
o
Air pressure changes at
different places because of
Earth’s unequal heating
o
Hot air rises, cold air sinks
o
Cold air dries as it sinks
towards the surface,
creating a high-pressure
area
o
High-pressure brings clear,
stable weather
o
Low-pressure bring unstable
weather
Pressure/Prevailing Winds
o
Global winds that blow
in fairly constant
patterns
o
Affected by the
direction of Earth’s
rotation and latitude
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What relationship can you detect
between the diagram and the
map of the world’s major
deserts? HINT: Think high
pressure vs. low pressure.
Storms
◦
Formed when cold and hot air
masses meet
◦
Formed when polar winds meet
westerlies
◦
Mid-latitude cyclones = tornadoes
◦
Tropical cyclones = hurricanes
Which 3 factors of
climate do you think
has the greatest
impact on climate in
the Houston area?
This informative content delves into various factors that influence climate, such as latitude, air masses, continentality, elevation, and mountain barriers. It explains why certain regions experience distinct weather patterns based on their geographical features, including temperature variations, precipitation levels, and the impact of mountainous terrain. The content also discusses the reasons behind temperature differences in specific locations like Spokane and highlights the significance of understanding climate dynamics for environmental studies.
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Presentation Transcript
Factors that Affect Climate Factors that Affect Climate
Latitude Main temperature control 3 zones of latitude Closer to equator = hotter Latitude
Which zone of latitude would you prefer to live in and why?
Air Masses Large volume of air Crosses wide range of land Temperature is the same within the air mass Takes on temperature and precipitation of surface Moves by wind and jet streams Fronts form from colliding air masses Air Masses
Continentality Effect of the location of a place on climate Inland locations have larger temperature ranges, and usually drier conditions Continentality
Why is there a bigger difference in temperature between January and July in Spokane?
Elevation Altitude Height above sea level Higher up mountain, the colder it is Affects precipitation patterns; continued cooling brings precipitation Elevation
Explain why high mountaintops are always covered by snow, even in the Tropics.
Mountain Barriers Rain shadow affect Mountain Barriers
How would you explain the formation of the Great Basin in the American Southwest?
Ocean Currents Movements of the ocean s waters in a circular pattern Created by Earth s winds, rotations, and varying ocean temperatures Subtly increases or reduces temperature Cold currents create dry conditions; warm currents create wet conditions Ocean Currents
Ocean Currents Recurring alterations to weather patterns also impact climate Periodic reversal in ocean currents and water temperatures, El Nino, is linked to global warming Low pressure rises, and vice versa Trade winds stop, or even reverse Influences climate around the world in a domino effect Ocean Currents
How does the Gulf Stream impact areas such as England and Ireland?
Pressure/Prevailing Winds o Air pressure changes at different places because of Earth s unequal heating o Hot air rises, cold air sinks o Cold air dries as it sinks towards the surface, creating a high-pressure area o High-pressure brings clear, stable weather o Low-pressure bring unstable weather Pressure/Prevailing Winds
Pressure/Prevailing Winds o Global winds that blow in fairly constant patterns o Affected by the direction of Earth s rotation and latitude Pressure/Prevailing Winds
Horse Latitudes: Historically, ships would lighten their loads in order to take advantage of the slightest wind such as cargo, excess supplies and livestock this also included horses. Doldrums: windless area near the equator
What relationship can you detect between the diagram and the map of the world s major deserts? HINT: Think high pressure vs. low pressure.
Storms Formed when cold and hot air masses meet Formed when polar winds meet westerlies Mid-latitude cyclones = tornadoes Tropical cyclones = hurricanes Storms
Which 3 factors of climate do you think has the greatest impact on climate in the Houston area?
