Exploring Vertebrates: Reptiles, Birds, and Mammals
Vertebrates:
Reptiles, Birds & Mammals
By: Aura, Megan, & Maura
Reptiles
-three chambers in the heart [w/
a small fourth]
-lungs
-scales
-external fertilization
-oviparous [lays eggs]
-reptiles lay amniotic eggs with
shells
-reptiles have scales with protein
keratin in them to create a
waterproof barrier which also
prevents dehydration.
-the scales help separate them
from amphibians; prevents
breathing through their skin
-reptiles are ectothermic: they
absorb external heat as a main
source of insulation
-conserve energy by basking in
the sun when cold, and finding
shade when too hot
-birds and reptiles both have
vertebrates and both have the
ability to lay eggs
Birdies
-
four chambers in the heart
-lungs
-feather/skin
-external fertilization
-oviparous [lays eggs]
-wings are remodeled from tetrapod
limb. Shape and arrangement of feathers
form the wing into airfoils. Bones are
hollow and have honeycomb structure
that’s filled with air
-birds believed to have evolved from
certain species of dinosaurs that also are
related to reptiles
-feathers are produced by similar tissues
that produce scales; birds have scales on
their feet
-flightless birds have no sternal keel and
pectoral muscles are undeveloped; feet
made to walk on land and usually
heavier in weight
Five Adaptations for
Flying
1.
Large pectoral muscles
connecting to the sternum give
flapping powers
2.
Efficient respiratory and
circulatory systems and a four
chambered heart to keep
tissues supplied with oxygen
3.
No urinary bladder, females
have one ovary to cut down on
weight
4.
Toothless to cut down weight
of the skull
5.
Hollow bones– help them fly
Mammals
four chambers in the heart
lungs
skin, hair
internal fertilization
viviparous [live birth]
jaws of later evolved mammals had less
bones and jaw joint bone has changed; in
fish & reptiles, jaws are composed of
several fused bones and two small bones
like birds, mammals are endothermic,
and most have a high metabolic rate.
Reptiles, though, are considered “cold-
blooded” because they do not use their
metabolism extensively to control their
body temperature.
Physical Features Unique to
Mammals
Physical features of mammals:
1.
mammary glands: produce
milk for offspring
2.
extra layer of fat beneath
skin to retain heat
3.
differentiation of teeth:
come in a variety of shapes
& sizes adapted for
chewing many different
kinds of foods
Delve into the world of vertebrates, including reptiles, birds, and mammals. Discover the unique characteristics and adaptations of each group, from the scales of reptiles to the feathers of birds and the live birth of mammals. Explore how these creatures have evolved to thrive in their environments and learn about their distinct physical features and behaviors.
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Presentation Transcript
Vertebrates: Reptiles, Birds & Mammals By: Aura, Megan, & Maura
Reptiles -three chambers in the heart [w/ a small fourth] -lungs -scales -external fertilization -oviparous [lays eggs] -reptiles lay amniotic eggs with shells -reptiles have scales with protein keratin in them to create a waterproof barrier which also prevents dehydration. -the scales help separate them from amphibians; prevents breathing through their skin -reptiles are ectothermic: they absorb external heat as a main source of insulation -conserve energy by basking in the sun when cold, and finding shade when too hot -birds and reptiles both have vertebrates and both have the ability to lay eggs
Birdies -four chambers in the heart -lungs -feather/skin -external fertilization -oviparous [lays eggs] -wings are remodeled from tetrapod limb. Shape and arrangement of feathers form the wing into airfoils. Bones are hollow and have honeycomb structure that s filled with air -birds believed to have evolved from certain species of dinosaurs that also are related to reptiles -feathers are produced by similar tissues that produce scales; birds have scales on their feet -flightless birds have no sternal keel and pectoral muscles are undeveloped; feet made to walk on land and usually heavier in weight
Five Adaptations for Flying 1. Large pectoral muscles connecting to the sternum give flapping powers 2. Efficient respiratory and circulatory systems and a four chambered heart to keep tissues supplied with oxygen 3. No urinary bladder, females have one ovary to cut down on weight 4. Toothless to cut down weight of the skull 5. Hollow bones help them fly
Mammals four chambers in the heart lungs skin, hair internal fertilization viviparous [live birth] jaws of later evolved mammals had less bones and jaw joint bone has changed; in fish & reptiles, jaws are composed of several fused bones and two small bones like birds, mammals are endothermic, and most have a high metabolic rate. Reptiles, though, are considered cold- blooded because they do not use their metabolism extensively to control their body temperature.
Physical Features Unique to Mammals Physical features of mammals: 1. mammary glands: produce milk for offspring 2. extra layer of fat beneath skin to retain heat 3. differentiation of teeth: come in a variety of shapes & sizes adapted for chewing many different kinds of foods
