Exploring the Diverse World of Rosaceae Plant Family
Rosaceae, known as the rose family, is a significant family of flowering plants with a wide distribution, encompassing various herbs, shrubs, and trees. This family, with its 4,828 known species in 91 genera, plays a crucial role in ecosystems and economies worldwide. The Rosaceae family offers a variety of economically important products, including edible fruits like apples and strawberries, as well as ornamental trees and shrubs such as roses. Understanding the morphology and distribution of Rosaceae plants provides insight into their ecological and agricultural significance.
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Unit 3: Plant Families Topic: Rosaceae B.Ed (Hons) Secondary Semester III Subject: Advance Biology I Course Title: Plant Systematics and Anatomy Represented By: Ms Sidra Younis Department of Education (Planning and Development) Lahore College for Women University, Lahore
INTRODUCTION Rosaceae, the rose family, is a medium-sized family of flowering plants, including 4,828 known species in 91 genera. The name is derived from the type genus Rosa. The family Rosaceae includes herbs, shrubs, and trees. Most species are deciduous, but some are evergreen. They have a worldwide range, but are most diverse in the Northern Hemisphere. Several economically important products come from the Rosaceae, including many edible fruits (such as apples, pears, quinces, apricots, plums, cherries, peaches, raspberries, loquats, and strawberries), almonds, and ornamental trees and shrubs (such as roses, meadowsweets).
DISTRIBUTION OF FAMILY ROSACEAE: DISTRIBUTION OF FAMILY ROSACEAE: The Rosaceae have a cosmopolitan distribution (found nearly everywhere except for Antarctica), but are primarily concentrated in the Northern Hemisphere in regions that are not desert or tropical rainforest. MOROPHOLOGY OF FAMILY ROSACEAE: MOROPHOLOGY OF FAMILY ROSACEAE: Morphology is the form and structure of an organism or any of its parts. A. Vegetative characters: A. Vegetative characters: Habit: Habit: The plants show great variation in habit. The plants may be annual or perennial prostrate herb, climbing or erect (Rosa spp.), shrubs or trees. Trees are common and many of them are our popular fruit trees e.g. Prunus amygdalus (Badam); Prunus persica (Aru);Pyrus communis (Naspati); Pyrus mains (Seb) etc.
Root: Root: Tap, branched sometimes adventitious arising from stem cuttings. Stem: Stem: Erect, prostrate or climber, branched, hard and woody, runner or sucker. Vegetative propagation takes place by means of runner or sucker or cuttings, many shrubby species are with spines, in some prickles are present (Rosa spp.). Leaves: Leaves: Alternate rarely opposite (Rhodotypos), simple or compound sometimes pinnately compound, stipulate, stipule may be minute and caducous (Spiraea, Pyrus), adnate and persistent (Rosa, Rubus), leaf base conspicuous.
B. Floral characters: B. Floral characters: Inflorescence: Inflorescence: Solitary (Potentilla, Rosa servica) or grouped in racemose (Agrimonia). terminal corymbose (Rosa moschata), terminal cyme (Geum) or corymbose cyme (Potentilla sibbaldi). Flower: Flower: Actinomorphic very rarely zygomorphic (Chrysobalanoideae), bisexual or rarely unisexual (Spiraea aruncus), pentamerous or tetramerous, hypogynous or epigynous (Pyrus) or perigynous (Rosa); stipules may be represented by epicalyx (Fragaria, Potentilla). Calyx: Calyx: Sepals 5, gamosepalous, adriate to the receptacle; sometimes epicalyx present; calyx tube remains free or adnate to the ovary, green, imbricate or valvate aestivation.
Corolla: Corolla: Petals 5, or multiples of 5, polypetalous, rosaceous, inserted on the receptacle cup variously coloured; petals entirely absent (Poterium, Alchemilla, Pygeumgardneria), or petals may be indefinite (Rosa spp.); sometimes stamens may be transformed into petal like structures; imbricate aestivation in bud. Androecium Androecium: : Stamens 2, 3 or 4 times the number of petals, may be indefinite, free, commonly borne on the rim of the torus; anthers small, dithecous, splitting longitudinally, introrse in bud; rarely stamens 1 to 4 (Alchemilla). Gynoecium Gynoecium: : Carpel 1 (Prunus, Prinsepia) or (Agrimoniaatorium) or 5 (Pyrus) or indefinite (Fragaria and Rosa), apocarpous rarely syncarpous, ovary superior sometimes inferior (Pyrus), axile placentation, nectar secreting disc present between stamens and carpels; when syncarpous the placentation is axile, if apocarpous then basal.
Fruit: Fruit: Variable; drupe (Prunus), etario of achenes (Potentilla) berry (Eriobotrya japonica), pome (Pyrus). Seed: Seed: Non-endospermic. Pollination: Pollination: Entomophilous-insects are attracted by nectar, colour, aroma or protandrous nature. IMPORTANT GENERA OF FAMILY ROSACEAE: IMPORTANT GENERA OF FAMILY ROSACEAE: The important Genera of this family are following: Almond (Prunus dulcis) Apple (Malus domestica) Apricot (Prunus armeniaca) Peach (Prunus persica)
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE: ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE: Rosaceae has a great economic significance for humanity. It has broad economic importance in cold (temperate) zone or region. This angiospermicRosaceae family is ranked third in the flowering families for commercial importance in the temperate zone. Fruit: Fruit: Many eatable sweet fruits are obtained from the plants of family Rosaceae. Some significant eatable fruits are Pyrus malus (apple), Prunus dulcis (almond), Prunus persica (peach), Prunus armeniaca (apricot) etc. Ornamental plants: Ornamental plants: A large number of plants of family Rosaceae are used as ornamental plants in nature.Rosa alba is commonly grown in gardens. They are cultivated in gardens for their very delightful and aromatic flowers. The genus Rosa is cultivated widely for the aromatic and decorative motive. Many other genera of family Rosaceae are also cultivated in gardens and parks for beautiful and scented flowers.
Commercial uses: Commercial uses: The petals of some common rose plants are known as Ghulabs in some Asian countries like Pakistan. The petals of the rose plant have the following important uses: The petals of Rose are used in making Gulkand. These Gulabs are used for extraction of rose oil. This oil is used in perfumes for scented purposes. These petals of the rose plant give Ark-Gulab on distillation with water. This Ark-Gulab is used for curing eye disease and for many other important purposes. Oil is extracted from Prunus amygdalus (Badam oil). Medicinal uses: Medicinal uses: The fruits of Prunus domestica are given in leucorrhoea and irregular menstruation. The fruits of Eriobotrya japonica are sedative and used in allaying vomiting and thirst.
