Evolution of Voting Rights in America
Theme B
A history of voting in America, pp. 187-192
Voting Amendments
1.
15
th
amendment
2.
17
th
amendment
3.
19
th
amendment
4.
23
rd
amendment
5.
24
th
amendment
6.
26
th
amendment
Historical Perspective of the American
Electorate
•
For the 1
st
50 years of the US
only
white/male/property owners could
vote-By 1880, only 14% of adults could
vote.
•
African-Americans could not vote for
the first 176 years of US History
•
Women did not have the right to vote
for the first 131 years of US
•
It took 181 years for those 18-20 to get
the right to vote
Voting Methodology
•
The Constitution left voting to be determined by
the states.
•
Only members of the HOR were originally
elected at the national level.
•
States set the when, how, and by whom aspects
of the elections. These varied widely.
•
With amendments, litigation & legislation, the
electorate slowly expanded.
Milestones
•
A. Jackson’s easing of property
restrictions in the 1830s
•
Issue of Federalism? States initially
set voter restrictions &
qualifications, but the federal gov’t
gradually took over through the 14
th
& 15
th
Amendments to the present
where it has almost total control
Milestones
•
15
th
Amendment- right to vote not denied on
account of race
•
The Supreme Court in 1870s decided that
Amendment
did not
confer the right to vote; merely
the denial could not be
explicitly on ground of
race
•
Problem...states set up literacy tests, poll taxes,
white primaries, and grandfather clauses
•
Solution…1965 Voting
Rights Act & 24
th
Am.
•
Impact: Black voters increased and began to
affect political outcomes in the South.
Alabama Literacy Test
•
http://kpearson.project.tcnj.edu/interactive/im
m_files/test.html
As a group, answer the questions. All responses
must be correct or NONE of you can vote!
Milestones
•
States started to allow women to vote in
1915 (ex. Wyoming) eventually leading
to 19
th
Amendment in 1920
•
18 year-olds got the right to vote in 1971
as the 26
th
Amendment was ratified.
▫
Largely due to the Vietnam Conflict.
▫
Average age of the drafted war dead was 19.
•
What impact did these 2 groups have on
elections?
Effects of increased eligibility
•
Were unforeseen- newly eligible voters
did not flock to one particular party
over another and did not vote for
radical candidates or issues
•
So why the continuing low-voter
turnout?
Explaining Voter Turnout
•
Decline in popular interest in elections
•
Weakening of competitiveness between
political parties
•
Decline more apparent than real:
▫
Voters were more easily manipulated in past
▫
Voter fraud prevalent (Public polling, Party
ballots, floaters “voted early and voted often” and
parties counted and the padded ballots) before
Australian Ballots
adopted around the turn of
century.
Explaining Voter Turnout
•
Political withdrawal-
fewer citizens felt
close enough to or care about government
to be interested in voting
•
Rational ignorance effect-
when people
purposely decide not to become informed
on an issue because they believe that their
vote on the issue is not likely to be a
deciding one; a lack of incentive to seek the
necessary information to cast an intelligent
vote
•
Unintended consequences of
stricter voter restrictions
▫
Registration process reduced voting
▫
Requirements of the Progressives in
the early 1900s caused a drop in
voter turnout in an effort to prevent
fraud
▫
Disenfranchised legal voters, too.
E
x
p
l
a
i
n
i
n
g
V
o
t
e
r
T
u
r
n
o
u
t
Help America Vote Act of 2002 (HAVA)
•
Passed as a result of the 2000 election mess and
Bush v. Gore decision.
•
Requires every state to have a method of
counting disputed ballots and voters.
•
NC created provisional ballots-Everyone can
vote, but local Board of Elections determine
which count.
•
Set aside money for states to update equipment.
How to improve US turnout rates:
Using your notes, defend or attack the following:
•
Compulsory voting
•
Make voting on issues less complicated and less
frequent
•
Institute proportional voting rather than
winner-take-all
•
Strengthen the two-party system
•
Vote on the weekends
•
Turn election day into a holiday
Assignment
•
Read the rest of chapter 8. Take notes on the
type of voters. Use “how do we vote?” sheet to
label each from reading.
•
Read “Guarding against voter fraud” handout.
Answer questions at the end.
•
Due Tuesday of next week.
The evolution of voting rights in America is a complex journey marked by milestones such as voting amendments, historical perspectives, changes in voting methodology, and significant events like the 15th Amendment, women's suffrage, and the 26th Amendment. This progression reflects a gradual expansion of the electorate and increased inclusivity over time.
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Presentation Transcript
Rise of the American electorate Theme B A history of voting in America, pp. 187-192
Voting Amendments 1. 15thamendment 2.17thamendment 3.19thamendment 4.23rdamendment 5.24thamendment 6.26thamendment
Historical Perspective of the American Electorate For the 1st50 years of the US only white/male/property owners could vote-By 1880, only 14% of adults could vote. African-Americans could not vote for the first 176 years of US History Women did not have the right to vote for the first 131 years of US It took 181 years for those 18-20 to get the right to vote
Voting Methodology The Constitution left voting to be determined by the states. Only members of the HOR were originally elected at the national level. States set the when, how, and by whom aspects of the elections. These varied widely. With amendments, litigation & legislation, the electorate slowly expanded.
Milestones A. Jackson s easing of property restrictions in the 1830s Issue of Federalism? States initially set voter restrictions & qualifications, but the federal gov t gradually took over through the 14th & 15thAmendments to the present where it has almost total control
Milestones 15thAmendment- right to vote not denied on account of race The Supreme Court in 1870s decided that Amendment did not confer the right to vote; merely the denial could not be explicitly on ground of race Problem...states set up literacy tests, poll taxes, white primaries, and grandfather clauses Solution 1965 Voting Rights Act & 24thAm. Impact: Black voters increased and began to affect political outcomes in the South.
Alabama Literacy Test http://kpearson.project.tcnj.edu/interactive/im m_files/test.html As a group, answer the questions. All responses must be correct or NONE of you can vote!
Milestones States started to allow women to vote in 1915 (ex. Wyoming) eventually leading to 19thAmendment in 1920 18 year-olds got the right to vote in 1971 as the 26thAmendment was ratified. Largely due to the Vietnam Conflict. Average age of the drafted war dead was 19. What impact did these 2 groups have on elections?
Effects of increased eligibility Were unforeseen- newly eligible voters did not flock to one particular party over another and did not vote for radical candidates or issues So why the continuing low-voter turnout?
Explaining Voter Turnout Decline in popular interest in elections Weakening of competitiveness between political parties Decline more apparent than real: Voters were more easily manipulated in past Voter fraud prevalent (Public polling, Party ballots, floaters voted early and voted often and parties counted and the padded ballots) before Australian Ballots adopted around the turn of century.
Explaining Voter Turnout Political withdrawal- fewer citizens felt close enough to or care about government to be interested in voting Rational ignorance effect- when people purposely decide not to become informed on an issue because they believe that their vote on the issue is not likely to be a deciding one; a lack of incentive to seek the necessary information to cast an intelligent vote
Explaining Voter Turnout Unintended consequences of stricter voter restrictions Registration process reduced voting Requirements of the Progressives in the early 1900s caused a drop in voter turnout in an effort to prevent fraud Disenfranchised legal voters, too.
Help America Vote Act of 2002 (HAVA) Passed as a result of the 2000 election mess and Bush v. Gore decision. Requires every state to have a method of counting disputed ballots and voters. NC created provisional ballots-Everyone can vote, but local Board of Elections determine which count. Set aside money for states to update equipment.
How to improve US turnout rates: Using your notes, defend or attack the following: Compulsory voting Make voting on issues less complicated and less frequent Institute proportional voting rather than winner-take-all Strengthen the two-party system Vote on the weekends Turn election day into a holiday
Assignment Read the rest of chapter 8. Take notes on the type of voters. Use how do we vote? sheet to label each from reading. Read Guarding against voter fraud handout. Answer questions at the end. Due Tuesday of next week.
