Evolution of Anaesthesia: From Ancient Methods to Modern Techniques

Anaesthesia has come a long way from ancient methods like cold concussion and hypnosis to modern techniques using nitrous oxide, ether, and chloroform. The discovery and evolution of anaesthesia through key milestones like the introduction of nitrous oxide, ether anaesthesia demonstration, and chloroform usage have revolutionized pain management in medical procedures.

• Anaesthesia evolution
• Modern anaesthetic techniques
• History of pain management
• Medical breakthroughs

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1. History of Anaesthesia Dr.Kumari Anjana Assistant Professor Deptt. of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology Bihar Veterinary College, Bihar Animal Sciences University, Patna

2. Before discovery of anesthetics

3. Before 1846 Other method /non- drugs method used to remove pain- Cold Concussion Carotid compression Nerve compression Hypnosis Few drugs/plant product used to remove pain- Alcohol Opium Hyoscine Cannabis Cocaine

4. 1846 1846 - Oliver Wendell Holmes coined the term Anaesthesia. It originates from the Greek word an- without and aisthesis refers to the inhibition of sensation.

5. Nitrous oxide 1776 - first anaesthetic, nitrous oxide gas (laughing gas) was discovered by Priestly. Priestly

6. Nitrous oxide Anaesthesia 1844- Nitrous oxide was first used as an anaesthetic by a dentist Horace Wells (Hartford, USA) for removal of a tooth in a human. Sir chemist) suggested its use in painless surgery. Humphry Davy (British Sir Humphry Davy

7. Ether Anaesthesia 1540 - Synthesized and named sweet oil of vitriol by Valerius Cordus. Frobenius renamed it ether . 1818- Anaesthetic effect of ether was discovered by C W Long. William T G Morton 1846-- Ether anaesthesia was first publicly demonstrated in by William T G Morton in Ether Dome at Massachusetts General Hospital (Boston, USA). The Ether Dome, Boston, Massachusetts

8. John Snow : 1st Anaesthesiologist 1st anaesthetist: Used ether and Chloroform as surgical anesthetics. He designed an apparatus to safe administration of ether anaesthesia to the patients and also designed a mask to administer chloroform anaesthesia. Chloroform anaesthesia became famous, when He administered chloroform to Queen Victoria when she gave birth to the child. John Snow

9. Chloroform Anaesthesia 1847- Chloroform anaesthesia was introduced by Simpson (Scottish obstetrician) and became very popular due to its pleasant odour. James Young Despite of the high toxicity and mortality rate the use of chloroform in surgery remained for nearly 100 years.

10. 1872--Chloral hydrate was the first intravenous anaesthetic. 1903--Barbiturates were introduced. 1929--Cyclopropane was discovered and remained in extensive use for next 30 years. 1935--Thiopentone was introduced as general anaesthetic by Lundi. 1956--introduction of halothane, a non-flammable anaesthetic, revolutionized anaesthesia. the inhalation

11. Anaesthesia in 21st Century

12. Thank You