the Role of Simple Machines in Ancient and Modern Construction
Activating Strategy: How did ancient people
build massive structures such as the
pyramids in Egypt and Stonehenge?
If we did not have the large machines that we have
today for building, would we still be able to make
these large structures? Why?
2
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4
Suppose you try to
push a brick wall
over. Is this
considered work?
Why or why not?
5
No. Work is done only when
an object
moves
in the
same
direction
of the force that is
being applied.
With your seat partner, list
two examples of work and
two examples of NO work.
6
http://www.classzone.com/books/ml_scienc
e_share/vis_sim/mfm05_pg113_work/mfm
05_pg113_work.html
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8
A machine is a device that makes
work easier by changing the size
or direction of a force.
Look at the list below and identify
which are considered machines:
•
Can opener
•
Doorknob
•
Brake
•
Knife
9
There are simple machines and
complex machines
Complex machines have 2 or more
simple machines
There are six (6) types of simple
machines: inclined plane, wedge,
screw, lever, pulley, and wheel and
axle
M
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I
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P
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Straight, slanted surface
Makes work easier because
it is easier to move
something to a higher or
lower place
12
With your seat
partner, identify at
least 3-4 examples
of an inclined plane.
13
I
n
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l
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e
d
P
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s
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P
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s
Other examples:
http://www.mikids.com/SMachinesIn
clinedPlanes.htm
Playground slide, ski jump, animal
ramp, wheelchair ramp, etc.
15
W
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d
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e
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W
e
d
g
e
Inclined plane that moves
Two inclined planes joined back to
back
Wider or thicker at one end than at
the other
Makes work easier because when
moved, a wedge cuts, splits, or
pries apart objects (including air
and water)
17
With your seat
partner, identify 3-
4 examples of a
wedge
18
W
e
d
g
e
19
W
e
d
g
e
Other examples:
http://www.mikids.com/SMa
chinesWedges.htm
Door stop, forklift “forks”,
teeth
20
Screw
21
S
c
r
e
w
Inclined plane
wrapped around a
cylinder with a
wedge at the tip
Makes work easier
because it applies
lots of force with
little effort
Makes work easier
because it is used to
hold things together
22
T
h
i
n
k
,
P
a
i
r
,
S
h
a
r
e
Identify 3-4 examples of
screws
Do more threads on a screw
make work easier or harder?
Why?
Why might a screw be called
a complex machine?
23
S
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r
e
w
s
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S
c
r
e
w
More threads on a screw make
it easier to turn, but it takes
longer
A screw might be called a
complex machine because it
has both an inclined plane and
a wedge at its tip
25
L
e
v
e
r
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L
e
v
e
r
Made up of a bar that pivots
at a fixed point called a
fulcrum
Force applied to a lever is
called the effort
Object moved is the load
Three classes of levers
27
L
e
v
e
r
s
-
F
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r
s
t
C
l
a
s
s
In a first class
lever the
fulcrum is in the
middle and the
load and effort
is on either side
28
With your seat
partner, list 3-4
examples of a First
Class Lever.
29
L
e
v
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r
s
–
F
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t
C
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]
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W
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W
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Consists of two circular objects of
different sizes
A wheel is connected to a post
(axle)
Wheel is larger than the axle
Makes work easier because it
applies more force or lifts a heavy
load with less effort
33
With your seat
partner, list 3-4
examples of a Wheel
and Axle.
34
W
h
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l
a
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d
A
x
l
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P
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y
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P
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e
y
Wheel and axle with a groove around the
outside
A pulley needs a rope, chain or belt
around the groove to make it do work
Pulley systems can consist of one or more
fixed pulleys, one or more moveable
pulleys, or both fixed and movable
pulleys.
Makes work easier by changing the
direction of the force or multiplying the
effort used
37
With your seat
partner, list 3-4
examples of a
Pulley.
38
P
u
l
l
e
y
39
C
o
m
p
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e
x
M
a
c
h
i
n
e
s
Simple
Machines can
be put together
in different
ways to make
complex
machines
Instructional Approach(s): The teacher should use the slide to activate students prior knowledge. The teacher can pose the question to the class, individual students, or let the students pair up to answer the questions. The teacher should not spend more than 2-3 minutes on the slide.
Explore how ancient people built massive structures like the pyramids and Stonehenge without modern machines, diving into the principles of work, force, and simple machines. Discover how simple machines make work easier for us and how they have been essential in both ancient and modern construction practices.
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Presentation Transcript
Activating Strategy: How did ancient people build massive structures such as the pyramids in Egypt and Stonehenge? If we did not have the large machines that we have today for building, would we still be able to make these large structures? Why?
Essential Question: How do simple machines make life easier for us? Standard: S8P3a. Demonstrate the effect of simple machines (lever, inclined plane, pulley, wedge, screw, and wheel and axle) on work. 2
Work is when an applied force causes an object to move in the direction of the force. 3
Suppose you try to push a brick wall over. Is this considered work? Why or why not? 4
No. Work is done only when an object moves in the same direction of the force that is being applied. With your seat partner, list two examples of work and two examples of NO work. 5
http://www.classzone.com/books/ml_scienc e_share/vis_sim/mfm05_pg113_work/mfm 05_pg113_work.html What did you notice in the simulation? 6
Work = Force x distance W = F x d 7
A machine is a device that makes work easier by changing the size or direction of a force. Look at the list below and identify which are considered machines: Can opener Doorknob Brake Knife 8
Machines There are simple machines and complex machines Complex machines have 2 or more simple machines There are six (6) types of simple machines: inclined plane, wedge, screw, lever, pulley, and wheel and axle 9
Inclined Plane Straight, slanted surface Makes work easier because it is easier to move something to a higher or lower place 11
With your seat partner, identify at least 3-4 examples of an inclined plane. 12
Inclined Planes Bathtub Steps Sloping Roads Ramp 13
Inclined Planes Other examples: http://www.mikids.com/SMachinesIn clinedPlanes.htm Playground slide, ski jump, animal ramp, wheelchair ramp, etc. 14
Wedge 15
Wedge Inclined plane that moves Two inclined planes joined back to back Wider or thicker at one end than at the other Makes work easier because when moved, a wedge cuts, splits, or pries apart objects (including air and water) 16
With your seat partner, identify 3- 4 examples of a wedge 17
Wedge Axe Knife Zipper Bottle Opener Boat Stern 18
Wedge Other examples: http://www.mikids.com/SMa chinesWedges.htm Door stop, forklift forks , teeth 19
Screw 20
Inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder with a wedge at the tip Makes work easier because it applies lots of force with little effort Makes work easier because it is used to hold things together Screw Thread 21
Think, Pair, Share Identify 3-4 examples of screws Do more threads on a screw make work easier or harder? Why? Why might a screw be called a complex machine? 22
Screws Swivel stool Jar lid Drill bits Cork screw 23
Screw More threads on a screw make it easier to turn, but it takes longer A screw might be called a complex machine because it has both an inclined plane and a wedge at its tip 24
Lever 25
Lever Made up of a bar that pivots at a fixed point called a fulcrum Force applied to a lever is called the effort Object moved is the load Three classes of levers 26
Levers-First Class In a first class lever the fulcrum is in the middle and the load and effort is on either side 27
With your seat partner, list 3-4 examples of a First Class Lever. 28
Levers First Class Seesaw Shovel Hammer s claws Scissors 29
Types of Levers Task Rotation [see resources] 30
Wheel and Axle Consists of two circular objects of different sizes A wheel is connected to a post (axle) Wheel is larger than the axle Makes work easier because it applies more force or lifts a heavy load with less effort 32
With your seat partner, list 3-4 examples of a Wheel and Axle. 33
Wheel and Axle Door knob Wrench and bolt Well crank Steering wheel 34
Pulley 35
Pulley Wheel and axle with a groove around the outside A pulley needs a rope, chain or belt around the groove to make it do work Pulley systems can consist of one or more fixed pulleys, one or more moveable pulleys, or both fixed and movable pulleys. Makes work easier by changing the direction of the force or multiplying the effort used 36
With your seat partner, list 3-4 examples of a Pulley. 37
Pulley Flag Pole Ski Lift Clothesline 38
Complex Machines Simple Machines can be put together in different ways to make complex machines 39
