EU Legal System: Sources, Principles, and Case Law
C
ATALONIA
:
THE
DIFFICULT
PATH
TOWARDS
INDEPENDENCE
Sebastian D. Baglioni
Carleton University
March 11, 2015
O
UTLINE
1.
Background and Context
2.
Catalan Political Parties
3.
Spanish Political Parties
4.
Sociological Factors and Independence
5.
The “Referendum for Independence” and the
Spanish Constitutional Court
6.
The “Process of Citizen Participation”
7.
Results
8.
Political Responsibilities and Alternatives
B
ACKGROUND
AND
C
ONTEXT
The Spanish Constitution: the system of Autonomous
Regions
Catalonia
:
self-government and shared government
autonomy and asymmetry
L’Estatut de Catalunya 2006
Identity and Symbols
Clarification and Separation of Powers
Funding
The Spanish Constitutional Court
C
ATALAN
N
ATIONALIST
P
OLITICAL
P
ARTIES
Convergencia i Unio – Unio Democratica de
Catalunya (CiU), centre-right – 30.7%
Nationalism and autonomism
Pro-independence
Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya (ERC), left –
13.7%
Pro-independence
Iniciative per Catalunya Verds (ICV), green-left –
9.9%*
Catalan nationalism, federalism
Esquerra Unida i Alternativa (EUiA), left – 9,9%*
Pro-independence
* In coalition
S
PANISH
P
OLITICAL
P
ARTIES
Partido Popular (PP) – conservatives
Spanish Nationalism
Autonomy
Partido Socialista Obrero
Español
(PSOE) – socialist
Federalism – asymmetric federalism
“Plural Spain”
S
OCIOLOGICAL
FACTORS
AND
INDEPENDENCE
S
OCIOLOGICAL
F
ACTORS
AND
I
NDEPENDENCE
S
OCIOLOGICAL
F
ACTORS
AND
I
NDEPENDENCE
T
HE
“R
EFERENDUM
FOR
I
NDEPENDENCE
”
AND
THE
S
PANISH
C
ONSTITUTIONAL
C
OURT
Political Disputes and Constitutional Arguments
Illegal status and political inaction
Blur line between democracy and legality
From a democratically binding referendum to a
non-binding illegal consultation process
T
HE
“P
ROCESS
OF
C
ITIZEN
P
ARTICIPATION
”
Two questions:
a)
Do you want Catalonia to become a State?
(Yes/No);
If the answer is in the affirmative:
b)
Do you want this State to be independent?
(Yes/No).
T
HE
“P
ROCESS
OF
C
ITIZEN
P
ARTICIPATION
”
Non-binding consultation
Administration of the Process
Transparency
Legal Accusations
R
ESULTS
R
ESULTS
- T
URNOUT
Parliament Election 2010
58%
Parliament Election 2010
68%
Process of Citizen Participation
35% - 37% - 41%
No census, no registration
R
ESULTS
S
OURCE
: S
URVEY
ABOUT
THE
CURRENT
POLITICAL
SITUATION
IN
C
ATALONIA
2014
(D
ECEMBER
) - C
ENTRE
D
'E
STUDIS
D
'O
PINIO
- G
ENERALITAT
DE
C
ATALUNYA
P
OLITICAL
R
ESPONSIBILITIES
AND
A
LTERNATIVES
Plebiscitarian Elections
Judicial Activism
Political Gridlock
P
OLITICAL
R
ESPONSIBILITIES
AND
A
LTERNATIVES
Building political dialogue
Harmonizing democracy and legality
Constitutional reform ?
Reform of Title VIII
Federalism (asymmetry)
The EU has its own legal system with unique rules and principles defined in founding Treaties. This system includes various sources of law and is upheld by the Court of Justice. Explore the intricacies of the EU Legal System and its application in real-world cases.
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Presentation Transcript
CATALONIA: THE DIFFICULT PATH TOWARDS INDEPENDENCE Sebastian D. Baglioni Carleton University March 11, 2015
OUTLINE Background and Context Catalan Political Parties Spanish Political Parties Sociological Factors and Independence The Referendum for Independence and the Spanish Constitutional Court The Process of Citizen Participation Results Political Responsibilities and Alternatives 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT The Spanish Constitution: the system of Autonomous Regions Catalonia: self-government and shared government autonomy and asymmetry L Estatut de Catalunya 2006 Identity and Symbols Clarification and Separation of Powers Funding The Spanish Constitutional Court
CATALAN NATIONALIST POLITICAL PARTIES Convergencia i Unio Unio Democratica de Catalunya (CiU), centre-right 30.7% Nationalism and autonomism Pro-independence Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya (ERC), left 13.7% Pro-independence Iniciative per Catalunya Verds (ICV), green-left 9.9%* Catalan nationalism, federalism Esquerra Unida i Alternativa (EUiA), left 9,9%* Pro-independence * In coalition
SPANISH POLITICAL PARTIES Partido Popular (PP) conservatives Spanish Nationalism Autonomy Partido Socialista Obrero Espa ol (PSOE) socialist Federalism asymmetric federalism Plural Spain
SOCIOLOGICAL FACTORS AND INDEPENDENCE
SOCIOLOGICAL FACTORS AND INDEPENDENCE Do you think Catalonia has achieved...? 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jul-10 Jul-11 Jul-12 Jul-13 Jul-14 May-10 May-11 May-12 May-13 May-14 Jan-10 Mar-10 Jan-11 Mar-11 Jan-12 Mar-12 Jan-13 Mar-13 Jan-14 Mar-14 Sep-10 Sep-11 Sep-12 Sep-13 Sep-14 Nov-10 Nov-11 Nov-12 Nov-13 Nov-14 Too much autonomy Sufficient level of autonomy Insufficient level of autonomy Source: Survey about the current political situation in Catalonia 2014 Centre d'Estudisd'Opinio- Generalitat de Catalunya
SOCIOLOGICAL FACTORS AND INDEPENDENCE Do you believe that Catalonia should be...? 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jul-10 Jul-11 Jul-12 Jul-13 Jul-14 May-10 May-11 May-12 May-13 May-14 Jan-10 Mar-10 Jan-11 Mar-11 Jan-12 Mar-12 Jan-13 Mar-13 Jan-14 Mar-14 Sep-10 Sep-11 Sep-12 Sep-13 Sep-14 Nov-10 Nov-11 Nov-12 Nov-13 Nov-14 Region Autonomous Community A State in Federal Spain An Independent State Source: Survey about the current political situation in Catalonia 2014 Centre d'Estudisd'Opinio- Generalitat de Catalunya
THE REFERENDUM FOR INDEPENDENCE AND THE SPANISH CONSTITUTIONAL COURT Political Disputes and Constitutional Arguments Illegal status and political inaction Blur line between democracy and legality From a democratically binding referendum to a non-binding illegal consultation process
THE PROCESS OF CITIZEN PARTICIPATION Two questions: a) Do you want Catalonia to become a State? (Yes/No); If the answer is in the affirmative: b) Do you want this State to be independent? (Yes/No).
THE PROCESS OF CITIZEN PARTICIPATION Non-binding consultation Administration of the Process Transparency Legal Accusations
RESULTS Referendum Results (Definitive) Percentage 80.91 10.02 0.97 4.49 0.56 3.05 Absolute Number 1.897.274 234.848 22.755 105.345 13.201 72.032 YES-YES YES-NO YES-Blank NO Blank Others Source: Generalitat de Catalunya (gencat.cat)
RESULTS - TURNOUT Parliament Election 2010 58% Parliament Election 2010 68% Process of Citizen Participation 35% - 37% - 41% No census, no registration
RESULTS Will for independence by vote intention to the Catalan Parliament YES (44.5%) PP 0 CiU 81.2 Esquerra 90.5 PSC 11.3 ICV 27.9 Ciutadans 0 CUP 85.4 Podemos 15.7 SOURCE: SURVEYABOUTTHECURRENTPOLITICALSITUATIONIN CATALONIA 2014 (DECEMBER) - CENTRED'ESTUDISD'OPINIO - GENERALITATDE CATALUNYA NO (45.2%) 100 11 5.3 86.8 60.5 98.4 4.2 80.4
POLITICAL RESPONSIBILITIESAND ALTERNATIVES Plebiscitarian Elections Judicial Activism Political Gridlock
POLITICAL RESPONSIBILITIESAND ALTERNATIVES Building political dialogue Harmonizing democracy and legality Constitutional reform ? Reform of Title VIII Federalism (asymmetry)
