Eras of Texas History
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Historians divide the past into eras so
it is easier to identify cause and effect of
the great events/people in history.
To present there are 12 eras in Texas
history
Why Historians Divide
the Past Into Eras
Prehistory - 1528
This era is the prehistory of Texas up to the
point of contact with Europeans in 1528.
This era includes the natural geologic history
as well as Native American history.
Natural Texas and Its
People
1528-1690
This era covers the interaction between European
explorers and American Indians.
This era covers the establishment of permanent
Spanish mission in 1682-1690
This era includes the encounters of Cabeza de Vaca
and the numerous expeditions over the next 150
years that define what the Europeans and American
Indians understood about each other and Texas.
Age of Contact
1690-1821
This era deals with the efforts of Spain to bring Texas
under Spanish control.
The Spanish established missions, town, ranches, and
military posts in South Central and East Texas.
Spain’s authority in Texas was challenged by
American Indians, France, the United States, and
Tejanos.
Spanish Colonial
1821-1836
This era covers the efforts of Mexico to populate and
retain Texas for the Republic of Mexico.
To do this Mexico developed Anglo and Mexican
settlements and local government institutions
This eventually led to the Texas Revolution.
Mexican National
1835-1845
This era deals with the Texas revolt against
Mexican rule.
This began with the establishment of an
independent Republic of Texas.
At the end of the revolution Texas became a state
of the United States of America.
Revolution and
Republic
1845-1861
This era deals with Texas annexation in 1845 and its
effort to secede from the United States of America.
This includes the Mexican War, resolution of the Texas
boundary, dispute of part of the Compromise of 1850,
significant population growth from immigration into
Texas, and the involvement of the U.S. Army in
frontier defense.
Early Statehood
1861-1874
This era deals with the reason Texas
succeeded from the United States
This era deals with conflict while reshaping
Texas following the war by the military,
federal, and state government.
This era deals with issues brought about by
the growth of slavery in Texas and the events
that impacted the Civil War on Texas
This era deals with the events and actions that
took place to reconstruct Texas following the
Civil War.
Civil War and
Reconstruction
1865-1900
This era deals with the return to cotton agriculture after
the Civil War.
This era covers the rise of cattle during and after
reconstruction.
This era shows the development of railroads and the
effects that the different enterprises had on each other and
on life in Texas.
These industries caused expansion into West Texas which
had an impact on the remaining independent Indian
peoples resulting in more reservations and other
interactions.
Cotton, Cattle,
and Railroads
1894-1935
This era deals with the vast range of oil discoveries
beginning with Corsicana in 1894 through East Texas
Field development.
This includes major discoveries at Spindletop, the
growth of Texas economic and political influence due
to oil, and the effects that oil revenue had on Texas
society.
This era also covers the role of Texas and Texans in
WWI
Age of Oil
1929-1945
This era deals with the effects of the
Great Depression on Texas.
This includes the efforts to improve
the Texas economy, the impact of
the Dust Bowl on Texas, and the
economic and social changes.
This era also deals with changes
brought on by WWII.
This includes the social changes
and the role of the federal
government in growing the Texas
wartime economy.
Texas in the Great
Depression and WWII
1945-1980
This era deals with the movements for social change
and equality that began after WWII.
This includes the efforts by Hispanics and African
Americans to have equal access and treatment.
This era covers the political shift away from Texans’
long-held allegiance to the Democratic party and
became more liberal and support the Republican
Party.
Civil Rights and
Conservatism
1980-Present
This era deals with the
events and issues facing
Texans from 1890 to
present.
This includes the role
of Texas politically
and economically, the
impact of recent
conflicts on Texas, and
issues facing Texas in
the present and future.
Contemporary Texas
Historians divide Texas history into 12 eras to identify cause and effect in major events. The eras range from Prehistory to Early Statehood, covering the interactions between Native Americans, Europeans, and colonial powers like Spain and Mexico. Each era represents crucial developments in Texas’s journey to becoming a state of the United States.
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Presentation Transcript
Major Eras in Texas History
Why Historians Divide the Past Into Eras Historians divide the past into eras so it is easier to identify cause and effect of the great events/people in history. To present there are 12 eras in Texas history
Natural Texas and Its People Prehistory - 1528 This era is the prehistory of Texas up to the point of contact with Europeans in 1528. This era includes the natural geologic history as well as Native American history.
Age of Contact 1528-1690 This era covers the interaction between European explorers and American Indians. This era covers the establishment of permanent Spanish mission in 1682-1690 This era includes the encounters of Cabeza de Vaca and the numerous expeditions over the next 150 years that define what the Europeans and American Indians understood about each other and Texas.
Spanish Colonial 1690-1821 This era deals with the efforts of Spain to bring Texas under Spanish control. The Spanish established missions, town, ranches, and military posts in South Central and East Texas. Spain s authority in Texas was challenged by American Indians, France, the United States, and Tejanos.
Mexican National 1821-1836 This era covers the efforts of Mexico to populate and retain Texas for the Republic of Mexico. To do this Mexico developed Anglo and Mexican settlements and local government institutions This eventually led to the Texas Revolution.
Revolution and Republic 1835-1845 This era deals with the Texas revolt against Mexican rule. This began with the establishment of an independent Republic of Texas. At the end of the revolution Texas became a state of the United States of America.
Early Statehood 1845-1861 This era deals with Texas annexation in 1845 and its effort to secede from the United States of America. This includes the Mexican War, resolution of the Texas boundary, dispute of part of the Compromise of 1850, significant population growth from immigration into Texas, and the involvement of the U.S. Army in frontier defense.
Civil War and Reconstruction 1861-1874 This era deals with the reason Texas succeeded from the United States This era deals with conflict while reshaping Texas following the war by the military, federal, and state government. This era deals with issues brought about by the growth of slavery in Texas and the events that impacted the Civil War on Texas This era deals with the events and actions that took place to reconstruct Texas following the Civil War.
Cotton, Cattle, and Railroads 1865-1900 This era deals with the return to cotton agriculture after the Civil War. This era covers the rise of cattle during and after reconstruction. This era shows the development of railroads and the effects that the different enterprises had on each other and on life in Texas. These industries caused expansion into West Texas which had an impact on the remaining independent Indian peoples resulting in more reservations and other interactions.
Age of Oil 1894-1935 This era deals with the vast range of oil discoveries beginning with Corsicana in 1894 through East Texas Field development. This includes major discoveries at Spindletop, the growth of Texas economic and political influence due to oil, and the effects that oil revenue had on Texas society. This era also covers the role of Texas and Texans in WWI
Texas in the Great Depression and WWII 1929-1945 This era deals with the effects of the Great Depression on Texas. This includes the efforts to improve the Texas economy, the impact of the Dust Bowl on Texas, and the economic and social changes. This era also deals with changes brought on by WWII. This includes the social changes and the role of the federal government in growing the Texas wartime economy.
Civil Rights and Conservatism 1945-1980 This era deals with the movements for social change and equality that began after WWII. This includes the efforts by Hispanics and African Americans to have equal access and treatment. This era covers the political shift away from Texans long-held allegiance to the Democratic party and became more liberal and support the Republican Party.
Contemporary Texas 1980-Present This era deals with the events and issues facing Texans from 1890 to present. This includes the role of Texas politically and economically, the impact of recent conflicts on Texas, and issues facing Texas in the present and future.
