Enhancing Speeches Through Sentence Manipulation
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LEAD
LEAD
Principles
Principles
Discussion
Who is Malala Yousafzai and why is
she famous? Share:
what you know about her
any questions you have about her
Malala’s speeches to world leaders
focus on children’s right to a free,
quality, primary and secondary
education, especially for girls.
•
What points do you think she might
make in these speeches?
Authentic text
The
single clause (one verb) sentences
are used to sum up Malala’s main messages
about the importance of education, making them easier to remember.
Invent similar one-clause sentences that sum up the importance of education for
every child. You can use Malala’s sentences as a word store, for example:
Education
can change
the world.
Every child
deserves
the bright future of education.
“Dear brothers and sisters, we
want
schools and
education for every child's bright future. We
will
continue
our journey to our destination of peace
and education for everyone. No one
can stop
us."
“Education
is
one of the blessings of life—and one
of its necessities.”
Noticing details in a text
Noticing details in a text
“We
must believe
in the power and the strength of our words. Our words
can
change
the world."
Examples
Links
“Education
is
the only solution.”
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Noticing details in a text
Noticing details in a text
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Examples
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”
Links
“I am just a committed and even stubborn person
who
wants to see
every child getting quality education
,
who
wants to see
women having equal rights
and
who
wants
peace in every corner of the world
.”
Noticing details in a text
Noticing details in a text
“This award is not just for me.
It is for
those forgotten children who want education
.
It is for
those frightened children who want peace
.
It is for
those voiceless children
who want change.
”
Examples
“
Let this be
the last time that a girl or a boy spends their childhood in a factory
.
Let this be
the last time that a girl is forced into early child marriage
.
Let this be
the last time that a child loses life in war
.
Let this be
the last time that we see a child out of school.
Let this end
with us.”
Links
Malala uses repeated sentence structures to emphasise her key messages to world
leaders and to make them easier to remember. With a partner, read these extracts
aloud, using your voices to stress the repeated patterns that are highlighted.
Invent different repeated structures that stress the importance of world peace and
education for all, then practise ‘performing’ them to others.
Verbalising the Grammar-Writing Link
Verbalising the Grammar-Writing Link
Verbalisation to share with students:
When you are writing an argument, or making a speech,
you can think
about how to emphasise your key messages and make them memorable
for your reader or listener.
You can do this by deliberately manipulating sentence types and lengths
for rhetorical, persuasive, effect. Think about your choice and placing of:
single-clause sentences that sum up a key point
subordinate and main clauses to show how ideas are related
repeated sentence structures for persuasive impact
A crucial element of the LEAD principles is helping writers to think explicitly
(metalinguistically) about the choices they make. As a teacher, you need to
support this by being crystal clear yourself about how you verbalise the link
between a grammar choice and its effect in a particular text/context. Then
express this in student-friendly language, as below.
Unicef is a charity that works with governments around the world to protect the
rights of children as set out in the United Convention on the Rights of the Child.
Unicef states: “For children to grow up healthy and happy, they need access to
clean water, proper sanitation, and good hygiene. Water, sanitation and hygiene
(WASH) are basic human rights, that Unicef is working to uphold for every child.”
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Your task:
Write and rehearse a speech that will persuade your year group to raise
funds for Unicef and support children’s right to a healthy life.
What are the key messages about children’s access to water,
sanitation and hygiene (WASH) that you need to make?
How can you deliberately manipulate your sentence structures to
emphasise these key messages and make them memorable?
Speeches are a rich resource for considering the rhetorical effects of choices of sentence length and type and how these are deliberately manipulated to persuade their audience to agree with, or act on, the views being expressed. Watching a speech being made, as well as reading a transcript, should help reinforce students’ understanding of ‘rhetorical effect’ since they can see the audience’s reaction.
The sentence types focused on in this PowerPoint are:
• single-clause sentences used to sum up key messages;
• two-clause sentences where main and subordinate clauses are balanced to emphasise the cause and effect relationship between ideas;
• parallel sentence structures where the same grammatical pattern is used to repeat and emphasise important ideas.
You might not want to cover all three of these in the same session.
Explore strategies for reinforcing key messages in speeches by manipulating sentences effectively. Understand the LEAD principles linking grammar to meaning, use authentic texts for learning, engage in discussions, and notice important details in texts, with a focus on Malala Yousafzai's impactful speeches on education rights. Learn how to craft powerful sentences that emphasize key points and practice balancing clauses for maximum effect.
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Presentation Transcript
Manipulating sentences to reinforce key messages in a speech
LEAD Principles PRINCIPLE LINKS EXPLANATION RATIONALE To establish a purposeful learning reason for addressing grammar, and connect grammar with meaning and rhetorical effect Make a link between the grammar being introduced and how it works in the writing being taught To avoid writing lessons becoming mini- grammar lessons, and to allow access to the structure even if the grammar concept is not fully understood To integrate reading and writing and show how real writers make language choices EXAMPLES Explain the grammar through examples, not lengthy explanations AUTHENTIC TEXTS Use authentic texts as models to link writers to the broader community of writers To promote deep metalinguistic learning about why a particular choice works, and to develop independence rather than compliance DISCUSSION Build in high-quality discussion about grammar and its effects
Discussion Authentic text Who is Malala Yousafzai and why is she famous? Share: what you know about her any questions you have about her Malala s speeches to world leaders focus on children s right to a free, quality, primary and secondary education, especially for girls. What points do you think she might make in these speeches?
Noticing details in a text Examples Dear brothers and sisters, we want schools and education for every child's bright future. We will continue our journey to our destination of peace and education for everyone. No one can stop us." Education is one of the blessings of life and one of its necessities. We must believe in the power and the strength of our words. Our words can change the world." Links Education is the only solution. The single clause (one verb) sentences are used to sum up Malala s main messages about the importance of education, making them easier to remember. Invent similar one-clause sentences that sum up the importance of education for every child. You can use Malala s sentences as a word store, for example: Education can change the world. Every child deserves the bright future of education.
Noticing details in a text Examples If the new generation is not given pens, they will be given guns by the terrorists. When the whole world is silent, even one voice becomes powerful. We cannot succeed when half of us are held back. Today I am focusing on women's rights and girls' education because they are suffering the most. I raise up my voice, so that those without a voice can be heard. Links In these sentences, the subordinate clause starting with a subordinating conjunction and the main clause are balanced to emphasise the cause and effect relationship between ideas. Try changing the order of main and subordinate clauses, seeing which version you think best emphasises a cause and effect relationship between ideas, for example: Even one voice becomes powerful when the whole world is silent. When half of us are held back, we cannot succeed.
Noticing details in a text Examples I am just a committed and even stubborn person who wants to see every child getting quality education, who wants to see women having equal rights and who wants peace in every corner of the world. This award is not just for me. It is for those forgotten children who want education. It is for those frightened children who want peace. It is for those voiceless children who want change. Let this be the last time that a girl or a boy spends their childhood in a factory. Let this be the last time that a girl is forced into early child marriage. Let this be the last time that a child loses life in war. Let this be the last time that we see a child out of school. Let this end with us. Links Malala uses repeated sentence structures to emphasise her key messages to world leaders and to make them easier to remember. With a partner, read these extracts aloud, using your voices to stress the repeated patterns that are highlighted. Invent different repeated structures that stress the importance of world peace and education for all, then practise performing them to others.
Verbalising the Grammar-Writing Link A crucial element of the LEAD principles is helping writers to think explicitly (metalinguistically) about the choices they make. As a teacher, you need to support this by being crystal clear yourself about how you verbalise the link between a grammar choice and its effect in a particular text/context. Then express this in student-friendly language, as below. Verbalisation to share with students: When you are writing an argument, or making a speech, you can think about how to emphasise your key messages and make them memorable for your reader or listener. You can do this by deliberately manipulating sentence types and lengths for rhetorical, persuasive, effect. Think about your choice and placing of: single-clause sentences that sum up a key point subordinate and main clauses to show how ideas are related repeated sentence structures for persuasive impact
Unicef is a charity that works with governments around the world to protect the rights of children as set out in the United Convention on the Rights of the Child. Unicef states: For children to grow up healthy and happy, they need access to clean water, proper sanitation, and good hygiene. Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) are basic human rights, that Unicef is working to uphold for every child. 6 in 10 people worldwide, or 4.5 billion, lack safely managed sanitation. Your task: Write and rehearse a speech that will persuade your year group to raise funds for Unicef and support children s right to a healthy life. What are the key messages about children s access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) that you need to make? How can you deliberately manipulate your sentence structures to emphasise these key messages and make them memorable?
