Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Energy Flow in Food Chains,
Food Webs, & Energy Pyramids
Mrs. Joelle R. King
Science Teacher
SC Indicator 7-4.2
Illustrate energy flow in food chains,
food webs, and energy pyramids.
Prior Knowledge
•
In 3
rd
grade you learned about simple food
chains, including the roles of producers,
consumers, and decomposers.
•
In 5
th
grade you identified the roles of
organisms as they interacted and depended
on one another through food chains and
food webs in an ecosystem.
•
You learned a lot in 5
th
grade. Let’s review
what you learned.
In 5
th
Grade…
•
You learned about
producers
and
consumers
like herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores.
•
You learned about
decomposers
like
microorganisms, termites, worms, and fungi.
•
You learned about the roles of
predators
and
prey
.
•
You also learned about
parasites
and their
hosts
.
•
Wow! You really learned a lot in 5
th
grade.
Future Learning
•
In high school biology you will learn how to
calculate the amount of energy
transferred from one level to another in
an energy pyramid.
•
You will also learn the roles that
organisms play in the geochemical cycles
(such as the carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle,
and water cycle).
•
You will learn more about predation,
competition, and symbiotic relationships as
well.
Essential Question
What does a food chain
show us?
Essential Question
How is a food web
different from a food
chain?
Essential Question
How is a food chain or food web
related to owl pellets?
Essential Question
How does energy flow
through an ecosystem?
Essential Question
How does the amount of energy
change as it moves through an
energy pyramid?
Food Chains
•
Food chains
use pictures or words and
arrows to show the movement of
energy through the trophic levels of
organisms.
•
The
trophic level
of an organism
indicates the position that the
organism occupies in the food chain.
•
It shows what it eats and what eats
it.
Producers & Consumers
The levels are numbered according to how far the
particular organism is along the chain.
•
Producers are at level 1. (Plants are
producers because they produce their own
food.)
•
Herbivores are at level 2. (consumer)
•
Predators are at level 3. (consumer)
And so on…
Anything that cannot make its
own food must eat to survive.
It must “consume” its food!
It is a
consumer
.
Note: There’s
something wrong.
What is it?
Why does this look more like a “cycle”
than a chain?
Let’s discuss this one in detail.
In this food chain, what is the
producer?
What is the first level
consumer?
What is the second level
consumer?
Is the polar bear the 3
rd
level
consumer? Explain.
Food Webs
•
Food webs
describe the organisms
found in interconnecting food chains
using pictures or words and arrows.
•
In other words, food webs are a
bunch of food chains all together!
•
They describe the complex patterns
of energy flow in an ecosystem by
modeling who consumes whom or what.
Energy Pyramids
•
An
energy pyramid
shows the amount
of energy that moves from one
trophic level to another in a food
chain.
•
The most energy is available at the
producer level of the pyramid.
•
The availability of energy decreases
as it moves up the energy pyramid.
The Energy Pyramid
Awesome Web Site!
http://science-class.net/Ecology/energy_transfer.htm
•
Let’s take a look at the
above web site relating
to ecology and energy
transfer.
Another Cool Site
http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/food/food_menu.html
After we look at the above web site, we’ll go on to
view the BrainPop video entitled
FOOD CHAINS
.
The BrainPop videos provide further enrichment of
topics discussed in class and are interesting as well
as easy to understand!
www.brainpop.com
Making a Model
Let’s make a model of an energy pyramid.
The model you will construct will be simple. It will show
pictures of the producers and consumers at each level,
the names in words, and the trophic levels.
The good news is that this model really is perfect for
meeting our objectives relating to energy pyramids.
Make sure you follow all instructions for proper
completion of the model.
Acknowledgements
•
All pictures were obtained from various
sources on Google Images.
•
None of the pictures/illustrations are mine.
•
Credit is given to all artists/photographers
for their work.
Exploring the concept of energy flow in food chains, food webs, and energy pyramids, starting from 3rd grade basics to future high school biology learning. Essential questions delve into the relationships between organisms, natural cycles, and the dynamics of energy transfer in ecosystems.
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Presentation Transcript
Energy Flow in Food Chains, Food Webs, & Energy Pyramids Mrs. Joelle R. King Science Teacher
SC Indicator 7 SC Indicator 7- -4.2 4.2 Illustrate energy flow in food chains, food webs, and energy pyramids.
Prior Knowledge In 3rdgrade you learned about simple food chains, including the roles of producers, consumers, and decomposers. In 5thgrade you identified the roles of organisms as they interacted and depended on one another through food chains and food webs in an ecosystem. You learned a lot in 5thgrade. Let s review what you learned.
In 5thGrade You learned about producers and consumers like herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. You learned about decomposers like microorganisms, termites, worms, and fungi. You learned about the roles of predators and prey. You also learned about parasites and their hosts. Wow! You really learned a lot in 5thgrade.
Future Learning In high school biology you will learn how to calculate the amount of energy transferred from one level to another in an energy pyramid. You will also learn the roles that organisms play in the geochemical cycles (such as the carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, and water cycle). You will learn more about predation, competition, and symbiotic relationships as well.
Essential Question What does a food chain show us?
Essential Question How is a food web different from a food chain?
Essential Question How is a food chain or food web related to owl pellets?
Essential Question How does energy flow through an ecosystem?
Essential Question How does the amount of energy change as it moves through an energy pyramid?
Food Chains Food chains use pictures or words and arrows to show the movement of energy through the trophic levels of organisms. The trophic level of an organism indicates the position that the organism occupies in the food chain. It shows what it eats and what eats it.
Producers & Consumers The levels are numbered according to how far the particular organism is along the chain. Producers are at level 1. (Plants are producers because they produce their own food.) Herbivores are at level 2. (consumer) Predators are at level 3. (consumer) And so on
Anything that cannot make its own food must eat to survive. It must consume its food! It is a consumer.
Note: Theres something wrong. What is it? Follow the food chain from producer to top level consumer.
FOX EATS RABBIT THAT ATE PLANT.
Why does this look more like a cycle than a chain? Let s discuss this one in detail.
Why is the SUN in this picture?
In this food chain, what is the producer? What is the first level consumer? What is the second level consumer? Is the polar bear the 3rd level consumer? Explain.
This picture shows the trophic levels.
Trophic Levels
Food Webs Food webs describe the organisms found in interconnecting food chains using pictures or words and arrows. In other words, food webs are a bunch of food chains all together! They describe the complex patterns of energy flow in an ecosystem by modeling who consumes whom or what.
Lets follow a few food chains found in this food web.
There are a lot of arrows here, but they re easy to follow. Try it.
Energy Pyramids An energy pyramid shows the amount of energy that moves from one trophic level to another in a food chain. The most energy is available at the producer level of the pyramid. The availability of energy decreases as it moves up the energy pyramid.
The most energy is at the producer level the base of the pyramid.
Who needs the most energy to survive?
Energy Pyramid
Awesome Web Site! http://science-class.net/Ecology/energy_transfer.htm Let s take a look at the above web site relating to ecology and energy transfer.
Another Cool Site http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/food/food_menu.html After we look at the above web site, we ll go on to view the BrainPop video entitled FOOD CHAINS. The BrainPop videos provide further enrichment of topics discussed in class and are interesting as well as easy to understand! www.brainpop.com
Making a Model Let s make a model of an energy pyramid. The model you will construct will be simple. It will show pictures of the producers and consumers at each level, the names in words, and the trophic levels. The good news is that this model really is perfect for meeting our objectives relating to energy pyramids. Make sure you follow all instructions for proper completion of the model.
Acknowledgements Acknowledgements All pictures were obtained from various sources on Google Images. None of the pictures/illustrations are mine. Credit is given to all artists/photographers for their work.
