Electron Lenses in Particle Accelerators: Advancements and Applications
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Electron Lenses for:
a)
Space-charge compensation
b) Landau damping
c) Halo collimation
d) Beam-beam compensation
V.Shiltsev
with input from G.Stancari, E.Stern, A.Burov, A.Valishev and
Yu.Alexahin
GARD ABP Roadmap Workshop #1
LBNL, December
8-9
, 2019
12/08/2019
Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
2
Electron Lens Space Charge – Physics Motivation
Electron Lens Space Charge – Physics Motivation
B
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Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
3
Electron Lenses – Since 1997
Electron Lenses – Since 1997
~4 mm dia 2 m long
in 3T solenoid
beam of ~10kV
~1A electrons
(~10
12
)
can turn on/off in 0.5 usec
generates strong radial electric field
E
E
~ 0.3MV/m
12/08/2019
Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
4
Two Electron Lenses Installed in Tevatron
Two Electron Lenses Installed in Tevatron
V.Shiltsev, et al, PRST-AB (1997)
V.Shiltsev, et al, PRST-AB (1997)
TEL-1 in 2001
TEL-1 in 2001
TEL-2 in 2004
TEL-2 in 2004
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Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
5
What Electron Lenses Are Good For (1)
What Electron Lenses Are Good For (1)
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12/08/2019
Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
6
What Electron Lenses Are Good For (2)
What Electron Lenses Are Good For (2)
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versatile applications depending on e-beam profile + pulsing
12/08/2019
Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
7
ABP eLens Topic #1:
ABP eLens Topic #1:
Compensation of space-charge
effects by electron lenses
PIC simulations below - by E.Stern, et al (FNAL)
12/08/2019
Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
8
Tune Footprint dQ
Tune Footprint dQ
SC
SC
=-0.9
=-0.9
dQ
SC
= - 0.9
dQ
SC+EL
= - 0.2
Stern et al, THPAF075, IPAC18, Beams Document 6790-v1 FNAL (2019)
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no e-lenses
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12/08/2019
Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
9
1000 Turns in a Ring with dQ
1000 Turns in a Ring with dQ
SC
SC
=-0.9
=-0.9
Case #1
Case #1
Ideal ring
Ideal ring
Case #
Case #
2
2
1% error in
1% error in
one quad
one quad
Case #3
Case #3
1% error in
1% error in
one quad +
one quad +
12 e-Lenses
12 e-Lenses
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Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
10
Emittance Growth – Case #1
Emittance Growth – Case #1
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Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
11
Emittance Growth – Case #2
Emittance Growth – Case #2
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Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
12
Emittance Growth – Case #3
Emittance Growth – Case #3
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Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
13
Particle Losses at 4
Particle Losses at 4
σ
σ
– Case #2 and #3
– Case #2 and #3
e-lenses
e-lenses
reduce
reduce
losses
losses
~6 fold !
~6 fold !
12/08/2019
Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
14
Optimal Compensation ~75% (emitt. growth)
Optimal Compensation ~75% (emitt. growth)
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Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
15
Optimal Compensation ~70% (beam losses)
Optimal Compensation ~70% (beam losses)
Electron Lens in IOTA
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Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
16
Two Add’l Important Variations
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Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
17
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Use the electromagnetic field generated by
the electron distribution to
provide the desired nonlinear field.
ABP
eLens
Topic #2 : Coherent Stability
12/08/2019
Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
В.Шильцев
18
“
…
For the parameters of the
Future
Circular Collider, a single conventional
electron lens a few meters long would
provide stabilization
superior to
tens of
thousands of superconducting octupole
magnets.”
A.Burov, Y. Alexahin, V.Shiltsev, A.Valishev
A.Burov, Y. Alexahin, V.Shiltsev, A.Valishev
ABP
eLens
Topic #3 : Halo Collimation
HEBC: Hollow Electron Beam Collimation : Tev
HEBC: Hollow Electron Beam Collimation : Tev
atron to LHC
atron to LHC
12/08/2019
19
Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
Hollow e-Lens
Collimator for HL-LHC
HEBC: Hollow Electron Beam Collimation : Tev
HEBC: Hollow Electron Beam Collimation : Tev
atron to LHC
atron to LHC
12/08/2019
20
Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
Topic #4 : Beam-beam compensation
12/08/2019
Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
•
Gaussian e-beam
Gaussian e-beam
s for head-on compensation
s for head-on compensation
•
Broader/smooth edge e-beams for long-range
Broader/smooth edge e-beams for long-range
beam-beam compensation
beam-beam compensation
•
Found very effective in the Tevatron (LR-BBC)
Found very effective in the Tevatron (LR-BBC)
and RHIC (HO-BBC)
and RHIC (HO-BBC)
•
Can be very helpful in HL-LHC for LR-BBC:
–
A.Valishev, S.Fartoukh, et al
–
Relatively complex (wrt to Wire LR-BBC
R
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e
-
L
e
n
s
e
s
•
Effectiveness for
future colliders
(EIC and FCChh)
–
Need to be studied
21
eLens c
hallenges:
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22
Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
•
Space-charge compensation risks :
–
Physics of space-charge requires not only transverse matching as in beam-
beam compensation but also longitudinal matching of e- and p+ bunches
–
Specs for the SCC are not fully explored yet
–
Specs might be very challenging for practical cost effective eLenses
•
E-lenses for Landau damping risk :
–
Physics and technological risks are limited
•
Hollow eLens Collimation risk:
–
Physics risks is limited
–
Technological risks in generation of the proper beam profile, problem-free
bending sections, and proper time modulation
•
eLens beam-beam compensation risks :
–
Physics and technological risks are limited
–
Specs might be very challenging for practical cost effective eLenses (if high
A*m are needed for high current colliders)
How can it fail? What can go wrong with this idea?
Facilities: Fermilab and CERN test stands
… Upgrades
CERN electron lens test stand
12/08/2019
23
Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
Fermilab elens test stand
Phase 1
Diagnostics Box
Phase 2
Operational, up to 10 kV, 8
s x 1Hz pulses (or higher at lower
current). Used to test Tevatron and CERN guns, will be used for
testing guns for space-charge compensation at IOTA ring. Could
be used to test HF modulators.
Upgrades needed:
for higher
intensity, faster modulators and new
profile diagnostics
Electron Lenses and the
GARD ABP
Grand challenges
12/08/2019
24
Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
•
Grand challenge #1 (beam intensity):
How do we increase beam
intensities by orders of magnitude?
–
eLens Space-Charge Compensation can lead to factor 2-3-5? in intensity
–
eLens Landau damping can keep narrow beams stable x10-100
•
Grand challenge #2 (beam quality):
How do we increase beam
phase-space density by orders of magnitude, towards quantum
degeneracy limit?
–
eLens Landau damping can keep superbright beams stable x10-100
–
eLens Beam-beam/SC compensation can allow x2-5 in
ξ
and
dQ
SC
•
Grand challenge #3 (beam control):
How do we control the beam
distribution down to the level of individual particles?
–
eLens Halo collimation can control losses of superbright beams
–
eLens in McMillan form can control beam distribution and losses
•
Grand Challenge #4 (beam prediction):
How do we develop
predictive “virtual particle accelerators”?
–
eLens SC and BBC require arguably the most predictive modeling tools
Describe an approximate timeline in relation to grand challenges
Describe an approximate timeline in relation to grand challenges
: #1 – 10-15 yrs; #2 – 10-20 yrs; #3 – 5-10 yrs; #4 – 5-10 yrs
(see slide 30)
Electron Lenses and the
GARD ABP Missions
12/08/2019
25
Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
•
Advance physics of accelerators and beams to enable
future accelerators.
•
Substantially expand
intensity/power reach of future multi-MW
RCSs via space-charge loss control and luminosity reach of future
EF hadron colliders via beam-beam, syability and halo control
•
Develop conventional and advanced accelerator
concepts and tools to disrupt existing costly technology
paradigms in coordination with other GARD thrusts.
•
eLens SC compensation can allow (less expensive) RCS options for
multi-mW beams; inexpensive luminosity increase tools
•
Guide and help to fully exploit science at the GARD
beam facilities and operational accelerators.
•
Vigorous eLens program in IOTA; HL-LHC e-beam collimation greatly helps
•
Educate and train future accelerator physicists.
•
eLenses offer unmatched variety for development of existing and new
concepts for operational and future accelerators, rich collaborations
Electron Lenses and
HEP-Specific Missions
12/08/2019
26
Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
•
Intensity frontier
•
Space-charge compensation can be a game-
changer for next generation cost efficient multi-MW
machines for neutrino physics
(eg PIP-III)
•
Energy frontier: hadron colliders
•
Halo collimation, Landau damping and beam-
beam compensation can be a game-changer for
next generation hh-Colliders
(HL-, HE-LHC, FCChh)
•
Energy frontier: lepton colliders
•
Space-charge compensation will advance proton
drivers for muon colliders
(MC)
•
Accelerators for physics beyond colliders and
Standard Model
•
SC-compensation for cost efficient multi-MW beams
Electron Lenses :
Synergies and Connections
12/08/2019
27
Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
•
To other GARD thrusts :
•
High Field Magnets
High Field Magnets
: SC solenoids for eLens
beamsize compression
•
Targetry and Sources :
Targetry and Sources :
•
AAC
AAC
: PIC plasma simulations (Space-charge,
Beam-beam, Landau damping)
•
To other SC offices :
•
BES
BES
: space-charge compensation in protons
beams for spallation neutron sources
•
Nuclear Physics :
Nuclear Physics :
beam-beam and space-charge
compensation in EIC; synergy with e-cooling
•
FES
FES
: high sield solenoids; PIC plasma simulations
(Space-charge, Beam-beam, Landau damping);
physics of electron columns/traps
Collaborations:
Collaborations:
Who is working on this now?
Who is working on this now?
•
Fermilab:
–
Exp/HW/Test stands: G.Stancari, V.Shiltsev, B.Cathey, et al
–
Modeling/Simulations: E.Stern, A.Valishev, A.Burov, et al
–
Collaborating Universities / Labs:
•
LBNL (C.Mitchell, et al), Korea (M.Chung, C.S.Park),
RadiaSoft (J.Edelen, C.Hall); Finland (Lapland U.)
•
BNL:
W.
Fischer, X.Gu, et al
•
CERN:
–
Exp/HW/Test stands: S.Radealli, D.Perini, et al
–
Modeling/Simulations: A.Rossi, S. Sadovich, et al
–
Collaborating Universities/Labs
•
BINP (Novosibirsk): A.Levichev, D.Nikiforov, et al
•
Germany: J.Wagner (Frankfurt), et al
•
China: W.Shao, et al
12/08/2019
28
Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
ABP
eLens
R&D: Milestones (draft)
•
Space-charge compensation :
–
IOTA eLens installed
IOTA eLens installed
2021-2022
–
SCC experimental studies
SCC experimental studies
2022-2028
–
Mod/Sim’s on eLens SCC
Mod/Sim’s on eLens SCC
2020-2028
–
Decision on PIP-III eLens SCC
Decision on PIP-III eLens SCC
2028
–
Pre-project & Constr’n SCC-PIP-III
Pre-project & Constr’n SCC-PIP-III
ca 2035
•
Electron Lenses for Colliders :
–
Landau Damping exp’s RHIC and IOTA
Landau Damping exp’s RHIC and IOTA
2020-2024
–
HL-LHC HEBC development
HL-LHC HEBC development
2020-2022
–
HL-LHC HEBC installed
HL-LHC HEBC installed
2024-2025
–
Design/Simulation work complete for FCC-hh Landau
Design/Simulation work complete for FCC-hh Landau
damping eL, HEBC and beam-beam
damping eL, HEBC and beam-beam
2032
–
FCC-hh electron lenses prototypes
FCC-hh electron lenses prototypes
2040
12/08/2019
29
Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
dQ
SC
=-1 specs
Construction
RHIC head-on
compensation
RHIC
PoP exp
Construction
Build
/ Install
IOTA
ELECTRON LENS SPACE CHARGE COMPENSATION
2
nd
Lens?
e-column?
TDR
Multi-MW RCS EL Design / Prototyping
R&D, TDR, prototyping, pre-construction
IOTA SCC Experiment
240 GeV Z W
HL-LHC BBC studies ?
HL-LHC LR/HO Modeling
27 TeV
FCC e-coll. design/
prototyping
SppC
ELECTRON LENSES FOR ENERGY FRONTIER COLLIDERS
12/08/2019
Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
30
ELECTRON LENS TECHNOLOGY AND TEST STANDS
IOTA Analysis
Multi-MW RCS CDR
McMillan / Compensation
Double
dQ
SC
?
HL-LHC
Multi-MW RCS & FCC EL Components
Prototyping
Test Stand
IOTA
HL-LHC e-Collimator
build & install
HL-LHC e-Collimator
commissioning & studies
FCC-hh BBC
design
IOTA studies
HL-LHC studies?
FCC-hh
design
HL-LHC Modeling
Electron Lenses R&D : Possible Roadmap
In general, electron lens R&D is of direct relevance to the US HEP priorities for intensity and
In general, electron lens R&D is of direct relevance to the US HEP priorities for intensity and
energy frontier science outlined by 2014 P5 and those foreseen in the 2021 Snowmass report.
energy frontier science outlined by 2014 P5 and those foreseen in the 2021 Snowmass report.
Electron lenses combine practical feasibility and potential “blue-sky” high-impact.
Electron lenses combine practical feasibility and potential “blue-sky” high-impact.
Back up slides:
Beam Intensity
Grand Challenge
12/08/2019
Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
31
“x10 Beam Power“ Grand Challenge
12/08/2019
Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
32
•
“Brute force”
“Brute force”
:
:
–
increase the energy
E –
E –
magnets, RF
magnets, RF
–
decrease the cycle time
T –
T –
magnets, RF
magnets, RF
–
k
e
y
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
:
c
o
s
t
(
e
.
g
.
,
J
-
P
A
R
C
T
P
C
~
$
1
.
7
B
)
a
n
d
p
o
w
e
r
η
•
Increase PPP
Increase PPP
(protons per pulse)
(protons per pulse)
N
N
p
p
:
:
–
key challenges :
many
beam dynamics issues
beam dynamics issues
& cost
•
In both cases –
In both cases –
need reliable horns and targets :
need reliable horns and targets :
–
key challenge :
lifetime
lifetime
gets worse with power
Protons Per Pulse – no “Silver Bullet”
12/08/2019
Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
33
•
Increase the injection energy
Increase the injection energy
(PIP-II)
(PIP-II)
:
:
–
Gain about
Gain about
N
N
p
p
~
~
β
β
γ
γ
2
2
,
,
need (often - costly) linacs
need (often - costly) linacs
•
Flatten the beams
Flatten the beams
(using 2
(using 2
nd
nd
harm, RF) :
harm, RF) :
–
Makes SC force uniform,
N
N
p
p
~
~
x1.5-2
•
“Painting” beams
“Painting” beams
at injection
at injection
:
:
–
Linearize SC force across beams
N
N
p
p
~
~
x
1.5
•
Better collimation system beams:
Better collimation system beams:
–
From
η
~80
% to ~95%
N
N
p
p
~
~
x1.5
•
M
M
a
a
k
k
e
e
f
f
o
o
c
c
u
u
s
s
i
i
n
n
g
g
l
l
a
a
t
t
t
t
i
i
c
c
e
e
p
p
e
e
r
r
f
f
e
e
c
c
t
t
l
l
y
y
p
p
e
e
r
r
i
i
o
o
d
d
i
i
c
c
:
:
–
Eg
Eg
P
P
=24 in Fermilab Booster,
=24 in Fermilab Booster,
P
P
=3 in JPARC MR
=3 in JPARC MR
N
N
p
p
~
~
x 1.5 - ?
•
I
I
n
n
t
t
r
r
o
o
d
d
u
u
c
c
e
e
N
N
o
o
n
n
-
-
l
l
i
i
n
n
e
e
a
a
r
r
I
I
n
n
t
t
e
e
g
g
r
r
a
a
b
b
l
l
e
e
O
O
p
p
t
t
i
i
c
c
s
s
:
:
–
Reduces the losses, allows
N
N
p
p
~
~
x 1.5 – 3?
•
S
S
p
p
a
a
c
c
e
e
-
-
C
C
h
h
a
a
r
r
g
g
e
e
C
C
o
o
m
m
p
p
e
e
n
n
s
s
a
a
t
t
i
i
o
o
n
n
b
b
y
y
e
e
l
l
e
e
c
c
t
t
r
r
o
o
n
n
l
l
e
e
n
n
s
s
e
e
s
s
:
:
–
Electrons to focus protons,
N
N
p
p
~
~
x
1.5 – 3?
12/08/2019
Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
34
IOTA:
Integrable Optics Test Accelerator
Speaker guidelines
•
Emphasize broad forward-looking research topics other
than your specific R&D program
•
Focus on your view of future challenges and methods
to address those challenges.
•
My abstracts:
–
“Electron Lenses for Landau damping”.
Developments of higher and higher brightness beams call for new methods of the beam stability
control. Traditional ways to ensure Landau damping by nonlinear elements, such as eg octupoles,
become less efficient for unprecedentedly narrow beams. Electron lenses are considered as an
extremely useful and versatile tool for stability control which seems to be free of traditional caveats
of reduced dynamic aperture.
–
“Space-charge compensation”.
A 60-years old problem of space-charge limit affects all types of modern hadron accelerators.
There are several approaches including active space-charge compensation with electron lenses,
electron columns or other means of externally controlled neutralization. It needs to be explored
theoretically and experimentally whether indeed the space-charge parameters (figure of merit
such as tune shift or tune suppression) can be increased by substantial factors - thus paving the way
to new revolutionary accelerators.
12/08/2019
35
Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
Slides 1 – 4: Research idea/proposal
•
Please address the following:
•
Describe the science/R&D that you are proposing to
do.
•
Briefly describe present “state of the art” – you
presentation should include this!
•
What is the desirable outcome? What are the potential
impacts?
•
How does it fit into the GARD ABP missions (see
above)?
•
How can it fail? What can go wrong with this idea?
•
Is it testable? What facility?
12/08/2019
36
Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
Slide 5: Grand challenges
•
Which Grand Challenges (see above) is this
proposal/idea addressing?
•
Describe an approximate timeline in relation to grand
challenges
12/08/2019
37
Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
Slide 6: HEP missions
•
How is your proposed research related to the HEP-
specific missions?
–
Intensity frontier
–
Energy frontier: hadron
–
Energy frontier: lepton
–
Accelerators for physics beyond colliders and Standard
Model
•
“Blue-sky” with high-impact and relevance to HEP.
12/08/2019
38
Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
Slide 7-8: Synergies
•
Describe potential synergies and connections to other
GARD thrusts and other SC offices (BES, NP, QIS, FES,
etc)
12/08/2019
39
Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
Slides 9-10: Timeline (aka the Roadmap)
•
Describe the proposed timeline and associated
milestones
12/08/2019
40
Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
Year
2020
2020
2025
2025
2030
2030
12/08/2019
Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
41
2020
2020
2025
2025
2030
2030
Electron Lenses R&D : Approx. Timeline (10 yrs)
Year
2030
2030
2035
2035
2040
2040
12/08/2019
Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
42
2030
2030
2035
2035
2040
2040
E-Lenses R&D : Approx. Timeline (next 10 yrs)
12/08/2019
Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
43
1000 Turns in a Ring with dQ
1000 Turns in a Ring with dQ
SC
SC
=-0.9
=-0.9
Case #1
Case #1
12/08/2019
Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
44
1000 Turns in a Ring with dQ
1000 Turns in a Ring with dQ
SC
SC
=-0.9
=-0.9
Case #2
Case #2
Explore the use of electron lenses in particle accelerators for space-charge compensation, Landau damping, halo collimation, and beam-beam compensation. Learn about their history, applications in Tevatron and RHIC colliders, and current research areas. Electron lenses have shown promise in enhancing beam quality, compensating for beam-beam effects, and improving collider performance.
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Presentation Transcript
GARD ABP Roadmap Workshop #1 LBNL, December 8-9, 2019 Electron Lenses for: a) Space-charge compensation b) Landau damping c) Halo collimation d) Beam-beam compensation V.Shiltsev with input from G.Stancari, E.Stern, A.Burov, A.Valishev and Yu.Alexahin
Electron Lens Space Charge Physics Motivation B 2 12/08/2019 Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
Electron Lenses Since 1997 ~4 mm dia 2 m long in 3T solenoid beam of ~10kV ~1A electrons (~1012) can turn on/off in 0.5 usec 3 12/08/2019 Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
Two Electron Lenses Installed in Tevatron TEL-1 in 2001 TEL-2 in 2004 V.Shiltsev, et al, PRST-AB (1997) 4 12/08/2019 Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
What Electron Lenses Are Good For (1) In the Fermilab Tevatron Collider: long-range beam-beam compensation (varied tune shift of individual 1 TeV bunches by 0.003-0.01); Shiltsev et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 244801 (2007) abort gap collimation (for years in regular operation); Zhang et al., Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 11, 051002 (2008) studies of head-on beam-beam compensation; Shiltsev et al, NJP (2008); Stancari et al., PRL 107, 084802 (2011) demonstration of halo scraping with hollow electron beams; Shiltsev (2006); Stancari et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 084802 (2011) 5 12/08/2019 Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
What Electron Lenses Are Good For (2) Presently used in RHIC at BNL for head-on beam-beam compensation with significant luminosity gain ~x2 Fischer et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 264801 (2015) Current areas of research: to compensate space-charge effects in modern RCSs Burov, Foster, Shiltsev (2000), Stern et al, IPAC 18 hollow electron beam collimation of protons in the HL-LHC; Conceptional Design Report, CERN-ACC-2014-0248 (2014) long-range beam-beam compensation as current-bearing wires in the HL-LHC Valishev,Stancari, arXiv:1312.5006; Fartoukh et al., PRSTAB 18, 121001 (2015) generation of nonlinear integrable lattices, eg in IOTA Shiltsev et al, PRSTAB(1997), Nagaitsev, et al., IPAC 12; Stancari et al., IPAC 15 to generate tune spread for Landau damping of instabilities before collisions in the LHC, FCC-hh (>10,000 octupoles), FNAL Recycler Shiltsev (2006), Shiltsev, Alexahin, Burov, Valishev PRL (2018) 12/08/2019 versatile applications depending on e-beam profile + pulsing 6 Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
ABP eLens Topic #1: Compensation of space-charge effects by electron lenses 7 PIC simulations below - by E.Stern, et al (FNAL) 12/08/2019 Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
Tune Footprint dQSC=-0.9 dQSC= - 0.9 dQSC+EL= - 0.2 ~75% e-lens compensation no e-lenses 12/08/2019 Stern et al, THPAF075, IPAC18, Beams Document 6790-v1 FNAL (2019) 8 Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
1000 Turns in a Ring with dQSC=-0.9 Case #1 Ideal ring 1% error Electron lens Case #2 1% error in one quad Focusing Defocusing Case #3 1% error in one quad + 12 e-Lenses 9 12/08/2019 Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
Emittance Growth Case #1 10 12/08/2019 Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
Emittance Growth Case #2 11 12/08/2019 Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
Emittance Growth Case #3 12 12/08/2019 Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
Particle Losses at 4 Case #2 and #3 e-lenses reduce losses ~6 fold ! 13 12/08/2019 Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
Optimal Compensation ~75% (emitt. growth) 14 12/08/2019 Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
Optimal Compensation ~70% (beam losses) 15 12/08/2019 Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
Electron Lens in IOTA 16 Shiltsev | Electron Lenses 12/08/2019
Two Addl Important Variations McMillan eLens Electron Column Use the electromagnetic field generated by the electron distribution to provide the desired nonlinear field. In strong field, ionization electrons mirror transverse profile of protons How does the electron column evolve? 17 Shiltsev | Electron Lenses 12/08/2019
ABP eLens Topic #2 : Coherent Stability A.Burov, Y. Alexahin, V.Shiltsev, A.Valishev For the parameters of the Future Circular Collider, a single conventional electron lens a few meters long would provide stabilization superior to tens of Shiltsev | Electron Lenses thousands of superconducting octupole magnets. . 18 12/08/2019
ABP eLens Topic #3 : Halo Collimation HEBC: Hollow Electron Beam Collimation : Tevatron to LHC 19 Shiltsev | Electron Lenses 12/08/2019
Hollow e-Lens Collimator for HL-LHC HEBC: Hollow Electron Beam Collimation : Tevatron to LHC 20 Shiltsev | Electron Lenses 12/08/2019
Topic #4 : Beam-beam compensation Gaussian e-beams for head-on compensation Broader/smooth edge e-beams for long-range beam-beam compensation Found very effective in the Tevatron (LR-BBC) and RHIC (HO-BBC) Can be very helpful in HL-LHC for LR-BBC: A.Valishev, S.Fartoukh, et al Relatively complex (wrt to Wire LR-BBC Effectiveness for future colliders (EIC and FCChh) Need to be studied RHIC e-Lenses Shiltsev | Electron Lenses 12/08/2019 21
eLens challenges: How can it fail? What can go wrong with this idea? Space-charge compensation risks : Physics of space-charge requires not only transverse matching as in beam- beam compensation but also longitudinal matching of e- and p+ bunches Specs for the SCC are not fully explored yet Specs might be very challenging for practical cost effective eLenses E-lenses for Landau damping risk : Physics and technological risks are limited Hollow eLens Collimation risk: Physics risks is limited Technological risks in generation of the proper beam profile, problem-free bending sections, and proper time modulation eLens beam-beam compensation risks : Physics and technological risks are limited Specs might be very challenging for practical cost effective eLenses (if high A*m are needed for high current colliders) 22 Shiltsev | Electron Lenses 12/08/2019
Facilities: Fermilab and CERN test stands Upgrades CERN electron lens test stand Fermilab elens test stand Phase 1 Phase 2 Operational, up to 10 kV, 8 s x 1Hz pulses (or higher at lower current). Used to test Tevatron and CERN guns, will be used for testing guns for space-charge compensation at IOTA ring. Could be used to test HF modulators. Upgrades needed: for higher intensity, faster modulators and new Diagnostics Box Shiltsev | Electron Lenses profile diagnostics 23 12/08/2019
Electron Lenses and the GARD ABP Grand challenges Grand challenge #1 (beam intensity): How do we increase beam intensities by orders of magnitude? eLens Space-Charge Compensation can lead to factor 2-3-5? in intensity eLens Landau damping can keep narrow beams stable x10-100 Grand challenge #2 (beam quality): How do we increase beam phase-space density by orders of magnitude, towards quantum degeneracy limit? eLens Landau damping can keep superbright beams stable x10-100 eLens Beam-beam/SC compensation can allow x2-5 in and dQSC Grand challenge #3 (beam control): How do we control the beam distribution down to the level of individual particles? eLens Halo collimation can control losses of superbright beams eLens in McMillan form can control beam distribution and losses Grand Challenge #4 (beam prediction): How do we develop predictive virtual particle accelerators ? eLens SC and BBC require arguably the most predictive modeling tools Shiltsev | Electron Lenses Describe an approximate timeline in relation to grand challenges: #1 10-15 yrs; #2 10-20 yrs; #3 5-10 yrs; #4 5-10 yrs (see slide 30) 24 12/08/2019
Electron Lenses and the GARD ABP Missions Advance physics of accelerators and beams to enable future accelerators. Substantially expand intensity/power reach of future multi-MW RCSs via space-charge loss control and luminosity reach of future EF hadron colliders via beam-beam, syability and halo control Develop conventional and advanced accelerator concepts and tools to disrupt existing costly technology paradigms in coordination with other GARD thrusts. eLens SC compensation can allow (less expensive) RCS options for multi-mW beams; inexpensive luminosity increase tools Guide and help to fully exploit science at the GARD beam facilities and operational accelerators. Vigorous eLens program in IOTA; HL-LHC e-beam collimation greatly helps Educate and train future accelerator physicists. eLenses offer unmatched variety for development of existing and new concepts for operational and future accelerators, rich collaborations 25 Shiltsev | Electron Lenses 12/08/2019
Electron Lenses and HEP-Specific Missions Intensity frontier Space-charge compensation can be a game- changer for next generation cost efficient multi-MW machines for neutrino physics (eg PIP-III) Energy frontier: hadron colliders Halo collimation, Landau damping and beam- beam compensation can be a game-changer for next generation hh-Colliders (HL-, HE-LHC, FCChh) Energy frontier: lepton colliders Space-charge compensation will advance proton drivers for muon colliders (MC) Accelerators for physics beyond colliders and Standard Model SC-compensation for cost efficient multi-MW beams 26 Shiltsev | Electron Lenses 12/08/2019
Electron Lenses : Synergies and Connections To other GARD thrusts : High Field Magnets : SC solenoids for eLens beamsize compression Targetry and Sources : AAC : PIC plasma simulations (Space-charge, Beam-beam, Landau damping) To other SC offices : BES : space-charge compensation in protons beams for spallation neutron sources Nuclear Physics : beam-beam and space-charge compensation in EIC; synergy with e-cooling FES : high sield solenoids; PIC plasma simulations (Space-charge, Beam-beam, Landau damping); physics of electron columns/traps 27 Shiltsev | Electron Lenses 12/08/2019
Collaborations: Who is working on this now? Fermilab: Exp/HW/Test stands: G.Stancari, V.Shiltsev, B.Cathey, et al Modeling/Simulations: E.Stern, A.Valishev, A.Burov, et al Collaborating Universities / Labs: LBNL (C.Mitchell, et al), Korea (M.Chung, C.S.Park), RadiaSoft (J.Edelen, C.Hall); Finland (Lapland U.) BNL: W.Fischer, X.Gu, et al CERN: Exp/HW/Test stands: S.Radealli, D.Perini, et al Modeling/Simulations: A.Rossi, S. Sadovich, et al Collaborating Universities/Labs BINP (Novosibirsk): A.Levichev, D.Nikiforov, et al Germany: J.Wagner (Frankfurt), et al China: W.Shao, et al 28 Shiltsev | Electron Lenses 12/08/2019
ABP eLens R&D: Milestones (draft) Space-charge compensation : IOTA eLens installed SCC experimental studies Mod/Sim s on eLens SCC Decision on PIP-III eLens SCC Pre-project & Constr n SCC-PIP-III Electron Lenses for Colliders : Landau Damping exp s RHIC and IOTA 2020-2024 HL-LHC HEBC development HL-LHC HEBC installed Design/Simulation work complete for FCC-hh Landau damping eL, HEBC and beam-beam FCC-hh electron lenses prototypes 2021-2022 2022-2028 2020-2028 2028 ca 2035 2020-2022 2024-2025 2032 2040 29 Shiltsev | Electron Lenses 12/08/2019
Electron Lenses R&D : Possible Roadmap 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 ELECTRON LENS SPACE CHARGE COMPENSATION dQSC=-1 specs IOTA SCC Experiment MODELING/SIMUL s IOTA Analysis Multi-MW RCS CDR Build / Install 2ndLens? e-column? IOTA EXPERIMENTS Double dQSC? McMillan / Compensation Multi-MW RCS EL Design / Prototyping DESIGN/PROTOTYPING IOTA TDR ELECTRON LENSES FOR ENERGY FRONTIER COLLIDERS SppC Construction 240 GeV Z W CEPC HL-LHC e-Collimator commissioning & studies HL-LHC e-Collimator build & install RHIC PoP exp FCC e-coll. design/ prototyping HALO COLLIMATION RHIC head-on compensation FCC-hh BBC design BEAM-BEAM COMPENS. HL-LHC BBC studies ? HL-LHC LR/HO Modeling FCC-hh design LANDAU DAMPING HL-LHC Modeling IOTA studies HL-LHC studies? Construction 27 TeV ELECTRON LENS TECHNOLOGY AND TEST STANDS HE-LHC R&D, TDR, prototyping, pre-construction FERMILAB TEST STAND Multi-MW RCS & FCC EL Components Prototyping Test Stand HL-LHC IOTA In general, electron lens R&D is of direct relevance to the US HEP priorities for intensity and energy frontier science outlined by 2014 P5 and those foreseen in the 2021 Snowmass report. Electron lenses combine practical feasibility and potential blue-sky high-impact. 30 Shiltsev | Electron Lenses 12/08/2019
Back up slides: Beam Intensity Grand Challenge 31 Shiltsev | Electron Lenses 12/08/2019
x10 Beam Power Grand Challenge Brute force : increase the energy E magnets, RF decrease the cycle time T magnets, RF key challenges : cost (e.g., J-PARC TPC ~$1.7B) and power Increase PPP (protons per pulse) Np: key challenges : many beam dynamics issues & cost In both cases need reliable horns and targets : key challenge : lifetime gets worse with power 32 Shiltsev | Electron Lenses 12/08/2019
Protons Per Pulse no Silver Bullet Increase the injection energy (PIP-II): Gain about Np~ 2, need (often - costly) linacs Flatten the beams (using 2ndharm, RF) : Makes SC force uniform, Np~ x1.5-2 Painting beams at injection: Linearize SC force across beams Np~ x1.5 Better collimation system beams: From ~80% to ~95% Np ~ x1.5 Make focusing lattice perfectly periodic: Eg P=24 in Fermilab Booster, P=3 in JPARC MR Np~ x 1.5 - ? Introduce Non-linear Integrable Optics : Reduces the losses, allows Np~ x 1.5 3? Space-Charge Compensation by electron lenses : Shiltsev | Electron Lenses Electrons to focus protons, Np~ x 1.5 3? 33 12/08/2019
IOTA: Integrable Optics Test Accelerator 34 12/08/2019 Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
Speaker guidelines Emphasize broad forward-looking research topics other than your specific R&D program Focus on your view of future challenges and methods to address those challenges. My abstracts: Electron Lenses for Landau damping . Developments of higher and higher brightness beams call for new methods of the beam stability control. Traditional ways to ensure Landau damping by nonlinear elements, such as eg octupoles, become less efficient for unprecedentedly narrow beams. Electron lenses are considered as an extremely useful and versatile tool for stability control which seems to be free of traditional caveats of reduced dynamic aperture. Space-charge compensation . A 60-years old problem of space-charge limit affects all types of modern hadron accelerators. There are several approaches including active space-charge compensation with electron lenses, electron columns or other means of externally controlled neutralization. It needs to be explored theoretically and experimentally whether indeed the space-charge parameters (figure of merit such as tune shift or tune suppression) can be increased by substantial factors - thus paving the way to new revolutionary accelerators. Shiltsev | Electron Lenses 12/08/2019 35
Slides 1 4: Research idea/proposal Please address the following: Describe the science/R&D that you are proposing to do. Briefly describe present state of the art you presentation should include this! What is the desirable outcome? What are the potential impacts? How does it fit into the GARD ABP missions (see above)? How can it fail? What can go wrong with this idea? Is it testable? What facility? 36 Shiltsev | Electron Lenses 12/08/2019
Slide 5: Grand challenges Which Grand Challenges (see above) is this proposal/idea addressing? Describe an approximate timeline in relation to grand challenges 37 Shiltsev | Electron Lenses 12/08/2019
Slide 6: HEP missions How is your proposed research related to the HEP- specific missions? Intensity frontier Energy frontier: hadron Energy frontier: lepton Accelerators for physics beyond colliders and Standard Model Blue-sky with high-impact and relevance to HEP. 38 Shiltsev | Electron Lenses 12/08/2019
Slide 7-8: Synergies Describe potential synergies and connections to other GARD thrusts and other SC offices (BES, NP, QIS, FES, etc) 39 Shiltsev | Electron Lenses 12/08/2019
Slides 9-10: Timeline (aka the Roadmap) Describe the proposed timeline and associated milestones 40 Shiltsev | Electron Lenses 12/08/2019
Electron Lenses R&D : Approx. Timeline (10 yrs) 2020 2025 2030 Year Shiltsev | Electron Lenses 2020 2025 2030 12/08/2019 41
E-Lenses R&D : Approx. Timeline (next 10 yrs) 2030 2035 2040 Year Shiltsev | Electron Lenses 2030 2035 2040 12/08/2019 42
1000 Turns in a Ring with dQSC=-0.9 Case #1 Focusing Defocusing 43 12/08/2019 Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
1000 Turns in a Ring with dQSC=-0.9 Case #2 1% error Focusing Defocusing 44 12/08/2019 Shiltsev | Electron Lenses
