Electric Vehicle Infrastructure and Power Grid Evolution: Planning for the Future

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Exploring the evolution of electric vehicle power infrastructure, this presentation delves into current challenges and future solutions. From grid systems to the impact of EV adoption on power demand, it covers key factors like technology advances, renewable energy mixes, and considerations for managing the transition towards sustainable transportation.

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Electric Vehicle Looking to the Future Metropolitan Mayor Caucus Environmental Committee October 29, 2018

Grid System Power plants Transmission lines Local transformers Homes 20 to 100 kW Commercial Businesses 50 to 500 kW Industrial Businesses 100 to 5000+ kW Electrical service panels, breakers Conduits and wiring EV Supply Equipment EV Charging

Evolution of EV Power Current: Mainly use existing capacity of facility (e.g. spare circuit breakers) Sometimes: need to transform power within facility or pull new wires from local transformer into facility Coming: add more utility local high voltage power lines and supporting infrastructure, based on demand Future: add more high voltage transmission lines to areas with EV demand More distant future: add more generation capacity?

Overall Power Grid EV Charging

Illinois: How much power? If 10% vehicles are electric Source: US EIA

Illinois: How much power? If all vehicles are electric Source: US EIA

Grid Evolution & EV Factors Rate of growth of EV adoption Technology advances EV and Infra cost reductions Incentive programs Climate events, public perception and willingness Changes in usage of the grid Distributed generation Coal plan retirements and Renewable power growth Energy efficiency Impacts of Autonomous Vehicles mass transit, etc. on congestion Adoption of managed charging ( V1G and V2G ) Adoption of On-demand transportation (Uber) Adoption of more demand response programs Integrations of smart technologies PCs, handheld, vehicle, etc.

Illinois Energy Mixes Source: US EIA

US Energy Mixes, 2017 17.1% Renewables (total) Hydropower 7.5% Wind 6.3% Biomass (total) 1.6% Wood 1.1% Landfill gas 0.3% Municipal solid waste (biogenic) 0.2% Other biomass waste 0.1% Solar (total) 1.3% Photovoltaic 1.2% Solar thermal 0.1% Source: US EIA Geothermal 0.4%