Earth's Structure and Continental Drift
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Topics -Urban Settlements
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The origin and development of urban settlements –
urbanisation of the world’s population;
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How site and situation affect the location of urban
settlements; and
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Classification of urban settlements according to function, such
as central places, trade and transport, break of bulk points,
specialised cities, junction towns and gateway towns or gap
towns.
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Classification of rocks
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IGNEOUS ROCKS
Formation-
the tern
igneous comes from
the French word
Ignis
meaning fire. These
rocks form where a
red-hot liquid (hot
mud) cools and
solidifies (becomes a
solid).
•
Sedimentary rocks
are formed from the
particles of sand,
shells, pebbles and
other fragments of
material. These
particles are called
sediments.
Occur on
the surface by the
process of deposition
in low-lying areas or
on the sea bed.
Cont...
•
The molten material
is called
Magma
which is below the
ground and
Lava
when molten
material is above the
ground. Their
formation therefore
is associated with
volcanic activity.
•
Weathering and
erosion cause the
sediments (rock
debris/particles on
the) surface to be
transported by
agents such as wind
and water to low
areas where they are
deposited.
Cont...
•
Metamorphic rocks are formed
by great heat and pressure. They
are generally found inside the
earth’s crust where there is
enough heat and pressure to
form the rocks.
•
Metamorphic rocks are often
made from existing rocks that
became physically and
chemically change when
exposed to excessive
temperatures and pressure from
the mantle.
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There are very similar fossils of animals and
plants in both Africa and South America to prove
that two continents were once joined together.
•
Rock types and mountain ranges showing the
same age and composition can be matched
across continents.
•
Ocean floor spreading- The ridges in many
oceans have younger rocks than the rocks further
away, suggesting that ocean floors are spreading.
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Delve into the fascinating layers of the Earth, including the crust, mantle, and core, while understanding how rocks are classified and the processes of weathering, erosion, and rock formation. Discover the concept of continental drift through evidence such as fossil similarities and geological formations across continents.
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Presentation Transcript
Geography Grade 10(CAPS) The Structure of the Earth
Topics -Urban Settlements The origin and development of urban settlements urbanisation of the world s population; How site and situation affect the location of urban settlements; and Classification of urban settlements according to function, such as central places, trade and transport, break of bulk points, specialised cities, junction towns and gateway towns or gap towns.
The structure of the Earth The structure of the Earth
Three layers of the Earth Three layers of the Earth Crust and its characteristics Mantle and is characteristics Core and its characteristics
Classification of rocks Sedimentary rocks are formed from the particles of sand, shells, pebbles and other fragments of material. These particles are called sediments. Occur on the surface by the process of deposition in low-lying areas or on the sea bed. IGNEOUS ROCKS Formation- the tern igneous comes from the French word Ignis meaning fire. These rocks form where a red-hot liquid (hot mud) cools and solidifies (becomes a solid).
Cont... Weathering and erosion cause the sediments (rock debris/particles on the) surface to be transported by agents such as wind and water to low areas where they are deposited. The molten material is called Magma which is below the ground and Lava when molten material is above the ground. Their formation therefore is associated with volcanic activity.
Cont... Metamorphic rocks are formed by great heat and pressure. They are generally found inside the earth s crust where there is enough heat and pressure to form the rocks. Metamorphic rocks are often made from existing rocks that became physically and chemically change when exposed to excessive temperatures and pressure from the mantle.
Continental Drifting Continental Drifting
EVIDENCE OF EVIDENCE OF CONTINENTAL DRIFTING CONTINENTAL DRIFTING There are very similar fossils of animals and plants in both Africa and South America to prove that two continents were once joined together. Rock types and mountain ranges showing the same age and composition can be matched across continents. Ocean floor spreading- The ridges in many oceans have younger rocks than the rocks further away, suggesting that ocean floors are spreading.
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