Dryopteris Fern Life Cycle
Dryopteris
Dryopteris
commonly called
wood fern
,
male
fern
, or
buckler fern
, is a
genus
of about 250
species of
ferns
with distribution in
the
temperate
Northern Hemisphere, with the
highest species diversity in eastern Asia. Many
of the species have stout, slowly creeping
rootstocks that form a crown, with a vase-like
ring of
fronds
. The
sori
are round, with
a
peltate
indusium
. The
stipes
have prominent
scales.
Dryopteris are ferns consisting of a
horizontal root growing in soil called a
rhizome and leaves called fronds projecting
upward. Each frond is roughly triangular,
with branches along either side of a stem
with many small oblong leaflets. Frond
sprouts are called "fiddleheads" for their
resemblance to the head of a violin.
Spore Production
The Drypoteris fern life cycle begins
with a spore. On the underside of each
frond are tiny, dark spots called sori
that contain growths called sporangia
that produce and release spores.
Gametophyte
Each spore will eventually fall to the ground. Those
that germinate will form a gametophyte. The
gametophyte will then grow, forming a leaf-like
structure that attaches to the ground using root-like
rhizoids.
Sex Organs
When the gametophyte matures it produces sex
organs.The male organs are called antheridia and the
female, archegonia, both of which develop on the
bottom surface of the gametophyte.
Sexual Reproduction
The antheridia produce flagellate sperm that will
swim through a film of water to the archegonia. The
sperm then fertilizes an egg within each archegonium.
Zygote
The fertilization process will produce a zygote which
will then grow from within the gametophyte.
Rhizomes will develop beneath the soil and
fiddleheads will sprout, shooting up from the rhizome
to form a sporophyte.
Dryopteris, commonly known as wood fern or male fern, is a genus of ferns with around 250 species primarily found in the temperate Northern Hemisphere. These ferns have distinct characteristics like creeping rootstocks, fronds with sori, and triangular-shaped leaves with fiddlehead sprouts. The spore production and gametophyte development stages are crucial in the life cycle of Dryopteris, culminating in sexual reproduction and zygote formation.
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Presentation Transcript
Dryopteris commonly called wood fern, male fern, or buckler fern, is a genus of about 250 species of ferns with distribution in the temperate Northern Hemisphere, with the highest species diversity in eastern Asia. Many of the species have stout, slowly creeping rootstocks that form a crown, with a vase-like ring of fronds. The sori are round, with a peltate indusium. The stipes have prominent scales.
Dryopteris are ferns consisting of a horizontal root growing in soil called a rhizome and leaves called fronds projecting upward. Each frond is roughly triangular, with branches along either side of a stem with many small oblong leaflets. Frond sprouts are called "fiddleheads" for their resemblance to the head of a violin.
Spore Production The Drypoteris fern life cycle begins with a spore. On the underside of each frond are tiny, dark spots called sori that contain growths called sporangia that produce and release spores.
Gametophyte Each spore will eventually fall to the ground. Those that germinate will form a gametophyte. The gametophyte will then grow, forming a leaf-like structure that attaches to the ground using root-like rhizoids. Sex Organs When the gametophyte matures it produces sex organs.The male organs are called antheridia and the female, archegonia, both of which develop on the bottom surface of the gametophyte.
Sexual Reproduction The antheridia produce flagellate sperm that will swim through a film of water to the archegonia. The sperm then fertilizes an egg within each archegonium. Zygote The fertilization process will produce a zygote which will then grow from within the gametophyte. Rhizomes will develop beneath the soil and fiddleheads will sprout, shooting up from the rhizome to form a sporophyte.
