Dissolved Oxygen Measurements and Factors Affecting Oxygen Levels
Understanding the importance of dissolved oxygen in water is crucial for the survival of aquatic plants and animals. Factors such as chemical reactions, temperature, pressure, and light penetration influence oxygen levels. The Winkler method is commonly used for dissolved oxygen measurements. This method involves oxygen combining with Mangnous hydroxide, which is then titrated to determine oxygen levels. The procedure includes collecting water samples and conducting tests for dissolved oxygen. Maintaining suitable oxygen levels is essential for the health of aquatic ecosystems.
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Dissolved Dissolved Oxygen Measurements ( ( Winkler Oxygen Measurements Winkler s Method) s Method)
*Factors Affecting Oxygen Levels 1)Oxygen is removed from the water by chemical reactions, the decay process and respiration. 2)Water temperature and atmospheric pressure affect oxygen concentration in water. 3) Cold water at high atmospheric pressure holds more dissolved oxygen than warm water at low atmospheric pressure. 4) Degree of light penetration (turbidity, color and water depth) and the degree of water turbulence or wave action also affect oxygen concentrations. Dissolved oxygen (D.O.) is reported as milligrams of oxygen per liter of water (mg/L) . Aquatic plants produce oxygen by photosynthesis during daylight hours but they also use oxygen for respiration.
*Introduction *Both plants and animals depend on dissolved oxygen for survival. *lack of oxygen can kill aquatic plants and animals. * Measuring dissolved oxygen is probably the most significant water quality test to determine the suitability of a stream for fish and many other aquatic organism to determine the suitability of a stream for fish and many other aquatic organisms. s.
*Principles of Winklers Method Oxygen combines with Mangnous hydroxide hydroxides, which on acidification liberate iodine equivalent to that of oxygen fixed. This iodine is titrated by standard Sodium thiosulfate starch as an indicator. Mangnous hydroxide to form higher standard Sodium thiosulfate solution using
*Materials 1)Water Samples. 2)Sodium thiosulfate titrant (0.025). 3)Narrow mouth 250 ml BOD bottles. 4)Sulfuric acid (concentrated) 5)Starch indicator. 6)Manganous sulfate solution 7)Alkaline- potassium iodide 8)Pipettes, Flasks
Procedure cont. A. A.Collecting B. B.Testing for Dissolved Oxygen 1. Remove the stopper and add 1 ml Manganous sulfate. 2. Add 3 ml alkaline potassium iodide into the sample and insert the stopper, and shake vigorously, holding on to the top. If oxygen is present, a brownish-orange precipitate will form. 3. Allow the sample to stand until the precipitate settles halfway. Collecting the Testing for Dissolved Oxygen the Sample Sample
4) Remove the stopper and slowly add 2 ml sulfuric acid. Insert the stopper and shake vigorously to dissolve the precipitate. 5) Shake and wait until all the precipitate is dissolved. The yellow color is from iodine. 6) Take a suitable aliquot 200 ml in a flask and titrate with Sodium thiosulfate solution till the colour changes to very light yellow. 7) Add 3ml of starch solution. The prepared sample will turn blue from the added starch solution. 8) Continue adding drops and mixing until the prepared sample turns from blue to colorless (the end point
*Results Analysis Sample no. ml of Sample ml of titrant used D.O. mg l -1 1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7-
*Calculation Science 1 ml of 0.025 N sodium thiosulfate is equivalent to 0.2 mg oxygen. D.O. mg l D.O. mg l - -1 1 = ( = (8 8X X1000 1000XN V XN) X v ) X v Where: V V= volume of sample v v= volume of titrant used (ml) N= normality of the titrant Result. Express D.O. in mg l 1 Where:- -
