Disease Outbreak Response Measures

Quarantine and Movement Control Authorities Adapted from the FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine and Movement Control (2016)

This Presentation Definition of relevant terms Goals of FAD response Goals of quarantine and movement control (QMC) Authority of responsible agencies FAD response activities Introduction to a Control Area FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Authorities 2 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

Definitions Quarantine Stringent restrictions Prohibits movement from specified premises, area, or region Hold order Temporary, during investigation Usually under State authority Standstill notice Temporary, prohibits new movement Federal authority/official notice FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Authorities 3 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

Definitions contd Movement control Controls movement in Control Area Movement from premises with no evidence of infection Permits based on meeting criteria Continuity of business (COB) Managed movement for specific commodity FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Authorities 4 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

FAD Response Goals 1. Detect, control, and contain the disease in animals as quickly as possible; 2. Eradicate the disease using strategies that seek to stabilize animal agriculture, the food supply, and the economy and that protect public health and the environment; and 3. Provide science- and risk-based approaches and systems to facilitate continuity of business for non-infected animals and non- contaminated animal products. FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Authorities 5 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

FAD Response Goals contd Achieving these three goals will allow individual livestock facilities, States, Tribes, regions, and industries to resume normal production as quickly as possible. They will also allow the United States to regain disease-free status without the response effort causing more disruption and damage than the disease outbreak itself. FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Authorities 6 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

Goals of QMC Preparedness goals Develop effective QMC plans for affected locations Develop effective movement control and permit plans for non-infected locations Response goals Establish a Control Area within 6 hours Implement QMC in the Control Area quickly Consider competing priorities - disease transmission vs. critical movements FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Authorities 7 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

Authorities FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Authorities 8 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

USDA Authority for FAD FAD Terrestrial disease not known to exist in the US or its territories Emerging animal disease Not yet known Or known, that changes/mutates to become a threat to terrestrial animals, aquatic animals, or humans FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Authorities 9 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

USDA Authority for FAD contd FAD or emerging animal disease May involve livestock, poultry, or wildlife If wildlife, USDA APHIS will collaborate with agencies with primary jurisdiction and subject matter expertise Consult APHIS VS Proposed Framework for Response to Emerging Animal Diseases in the United States FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Authorities 10 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

Animal Health Protection Act APHIS authority through AHPA Act Secretary of Agriculture is authorized to: Prevent, detect, control, and eradicate diseases and pests of animals Protect animal health, human health and welfare, economic interests Prohibit importation, entry or interstate movement throughout US Prevent the introduction or dissemination of disease FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Authorities 11 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

Code of Federal Regulations 9 CFR 71.2: Rule governing quarantine, interstate movement of diseased animals, poultry 9 CFR 71.3: Interstate movement of diseased animals, poultry, prohibited 9 CFR 53: Certain communicable diseases of livestock or poultry 9 CFR 161: Standards for accredited veterinarians, revocation CDC, per Public Health Service Act Authority against source of infection FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Authorities 12 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

State Authority for FAD Initially, State, Tribal, local authorities and resources Authority granted to SAHO varies Quarantine May be issued based on FAD detection or suspicion Scope based on specific authority Intended to control disease intrastate Become familiar with your State s laws FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Authorities 13 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

Extraordinary Emergency Declared by US Secretary of Agriculture Federal government authorized to control intrastate movement In addition to interstate and international movement No Extraordinary Emergency declared during HPAI outbreak in US (2014-2015) Regulatory intervention By Unified Incident Command FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Authorities 14 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

Responding to an FAD: General Information FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Authorities 15 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

Epidemiological Principles 1. Prevent contact Quarantine, movement controls, biosecurity, depopulation Avoid risk of mechanical vectors 2. Stop production of disease agent Depopulation (and disposal) of infected and potentially infected animals 3. Increase disease resistance or reduce shedding Emergency vaccination, if suitable vaccine, administered in timely manner FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Authorities 16 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

Critical Activities Critical Activities and Tools for Containment, Control, and Eradication Public awareness campaign Swift imposition of effective QMC Rapid diagnosis and reporting Epidemiological investigation and tracing Increased surveillance COB measures for non-infected animals and non-contaminated animal products Biosecurity measures Cleaning and disinfection measures Effective and appropriate disposal procedures Mass depopulation and euthanasia (as response strategy indicates) Emergency vaccination (as the response strategy indicates) FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Authorities 17 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

Activities in First 72 Hours FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Authorities 18 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

Zone, Area, Premises Designations Control Area = Infected Zone + Buffer Zone Quarantines in Control Area Infected Premises Contact Premises Suspect Premises Response zones/areas likely to change over the course of the incident FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Authorities 19 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

Zones, Areas, Premises FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Authorities 20 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

Authority Coordination Quarantine and movement control Federal interstate and international State intrastate Continuity of Business (COB) Management movement Negligible risk of pathogen transmission Minimize significant disruptions Coordination authority, resources, and expertise FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Authorities 21 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

For More Information FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine and Movement Control http://www.aphis.usda.gov/fadprep Quarantine and Movement Control web-based training module http://naherc.cfsph.iastate.edu/ FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Authorities 22 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

Guidelines Content Authors (CFSPH) Janice P. Mogan, DVM Heather Allen, PhD, MPA Kristen Bretz, MS Reviewers (USDA) Randall Crom, DVM (Retired) Jonathan Zack, DVM FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Authorities 23 USDA APHIS and CFSPH

Acknowledgments Development of this presentation was by the Center for Food Security and Public Health at Iowa State University through funding from the USDA APHIS Veterinary Services PPT Authors: Janice Mogan, DVM; Logan Kilburn Reviewers: Kristen Bretz, MS