Comprehensive Overview of Air Compressors: Types, Applications, and Significance
Branch : prepared by:
Branch : prepared by:
mechanical dept. Asst. Pro. Shyamal prajapati
mechanical dept. Asst. Pro. Shyamal prajapati
D.A.Degree Engineering
D.A.Degree Engineering
&Technology college
&Technology college
(Mahemdabad)
(Mahemdabad)
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I
I
NTRODUCTION
NTRODUCTION
An
air compressor
is a device that converts
power (usually from an electric motor, a diesel
engine or a gasoline engine) into kinetic energy
by compressing and pressurizing air, which, on
command, can be released in quick bursts. There
are numerous methods of air compression,
divided into either positive-displacement or
negative-displacement types.
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E
Introduction
Reciprocating Pump
Rotary Pump
Significance of multistaging in Air compressor
pump
A
P
P
L
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C
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T
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F
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P
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N
G
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R
C
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M
P
R
E
S
S
O
R
.
Reciprocating compressors utilize crankshaft driven
pistons to compress gases for use in various processes.
Much like internal combustion engines, an offset
crankshaft causes rotary motion of a piston rod which is
converted to linear motion via a crosshead.
The crosshead can only move in a linear motion so that
the rotary motion of the crankshaft is transformed into
linear motion of the piston.
As the piston moves to and fro, it takes in low pressure
gas and increases its pressure.
Unlike an internal combustion engine, the gas is not
ignited.
It is allowed to leave the compressor cylinder at a higher
level of pressure than when it went in.
S
INGLE
STAGE
R
ECIPROCATING
A
IR
C
OMPRESSOR
.
A single stage air compressor works
using the force of a piston and pressure
sensitive valve.
It is designed to house one cylinder
that compresses air with a single
piston stroke.
This cylinder is connected to a power
supply that provides the force needed
to compress the air.
It is different from double and multiple
stage air compressors because it
operates with just the one cylinder and
valve.
M
ULTI
STAGE
R
ECIPROCATING
A
IR
C
OMPRESSOR
.
Since the 1980s, Hydro-Pac has manufactured
compressors for high-pressure hydrogen
applications. We have developed the techniques to
safely and reliably compress this difficult gas.
Our initial experience was the design and
manufacture of ultra high-pressure hydrogen
compressors for pressures of 30,000 psi to 120,000
psi (200 to 825 MPa).
The recent interest in hydrogen gas as an energy
source has prompted us to expand our product
offerings for this important application. In
addition to the ultra-high pressure machines, we
manufacture units for pressures of 1,000 psi to
15,000 psi (7 to 100 MPa) and flow rates of 1 scfm
to 350 scfm (3 to 1200 kg/day).
D
IFFERENCE
B
ETWEEN
S
INGLE
A
ND
M
ULTI
S
TAGE
R
ECIPROCATING
A
IR
C
OMPRESSOR
Traditional single-stage
furnaces are designed to
heat your home during
the absolute coldest
weather in your
geographic area.
Therefore, they run at
their fullest capacity
whenever they are in
operation, regardless of
the temperature
outside.
A two-stage furnace has two
heating stages: low and
high. The low stage runs at
a lower capacity, and will
heat your home as long as
possible until it needs extra
power to keep your home at
the same temperature set
on your thermostat. This is
when the high stage kicks
in. On average, a two-stage
furnace only runs at high
capacity 25% of the time it
is on.
Single Stage
Multi Stage
A
DAVANTAGES
&D
ISADAVANTAGES
Simple design
Lower initial cost
Easy to install
Two stage models offer the
highest efficiency
Large rage of horse powers
Special machines can reach
extremely high pressures
Higher maintenance cost
Potential for vibration
problems
Foundation may be
required depending on size
Many are not designed to
run at full capacity 100% of
the time
ADAVANTAGES
DISADAVANTAGES
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A COMPRESSOR THAT DERIVES ITS
PRESSURIZING ABLILLITY FROM A
SPINNING COMPONANT.
AN AIR COMPRESSOR USING A
ROTARY IMPELLRE DRIVING AIR
THROUGH A CURVED CHAMBER TO
COMPRESS THE AIR.
W
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THE COMPRESSOR TAKES IN A LOW
PRESSURE GAS PASSES IT THROUGH A HIGH
PRESSURE.
ROTARY COMPRESSOR USE TWO MESHING
HELICAL SCREWS,KNOWN AS ROTORS,TO
COMPRESSOR THE GAS.
ROTARY COMPRESSOR USED FOR MOVING
A FLUID A SYSTEM AND USED FOR
COPMRESSING AIR.
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MINIMUM MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE.
ZERO WEAR.
MAXIMUM RELIABILITY.
LESS INSTALLATION COST.
LOW OPRATING COSTS.
ROTARY AIR COMPRESSOR HAVE GREATER AIR
CAPACITY.
PROTABILLITY AND VERSATILLITY.
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THEY TEND TO BE MORE EXPENCIVE.
THEY TEND TO BE MORE NOISY.
POWERFUL,MULTISTAGE PROTABLE.
UNITS MUST BE GAS POWERD AND ARE
HEAVY.
PROTABLE UNIT ARE LESS POWERFUL
THEN GAS COMPRESSOR.
A multi-stage compressor is one in which there are
several
cylinders of different diameters.
The intake of air in the first stage gets compressed
and then it
is passed over a cooler to achieve a
temperature very close to
ambient air.
This cooled air is passed to the intermediate stage
where it is
again getting compressed and heated.
This air is again passed over a cooler to achieve a
temperature as close to ambient as possible.
Then this compressed air is passed to the final or the
third stage of the air compressor where it is
compressed to the
required pressure and delivered to
the air receiver after cooling
sufficiently in an after-
cooler.
Advantages of Multi-stage compression:
The work done in compressing the air is reduced, thus power can be saved
Prevents mechanical problems as the air temperature is controlled
The suction and delivery valves remain in cleaner condition as the
temperature and vaporization of lubricating oil is less
The machine is smaller and better balanced
Effects from moisture can be handled better, by draining at each stage
Compression approaches near isothermal
Compression ratio at each stage is lower when compared to a single-stage
machine
Light moving parts usually made of aluminum, thus less cost and better
maintenance
Air compressors play a vital role in various industries, converting power into kinetic energy by compressing air. This article explores different types of air compressors, such as reciprocating and rotary pumps, along with the significance of multistaging. It delves into applications like the utilization of reciprocating compressors for gas compression processes, highlighting single-stage and multi-stage air compressors. The content also discusses the manufacturing of high-pressure hydrogen compressors by Hydro-Pac, showcasing their expanding product offerings for hydrogen energy applications.
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Presentation Transcript
Air compressors Branch : prepared by: mechanical dept. Asst. Pro. Shyamal prajapati D.A.Degree Engineering &Technology college (Mahemdabad)
INTRODUCTION An air compressor is a device that converts power (usually from an electric motor, a diesel engine or a gasoline engine) into kinetic energy by compressing and pressurizing air, which, on command, can be released in quick bursts. There are numerous methods of air compression, divided into either positive-displacement or negative-displacement types. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/AirCompressorHusky.JPG/200px-AirCompressorHusky.JPG
OBJECTIVE Introduction Reciprocating Pump Rotary Pump Significance of multistaging in Air compressor pump
APPLICATION OF RECIPROCATING AIR COMPRESSOR. Reciprocating compressors utilize crankshaft driven pistons to compress gases for use in various processes. Much like internal combustion engines, an offset crankshaft causes rotary motion of a piston rod which is converted to linear motion via a crosshead. The crosshead can only move in a linear motion so that the rotary motion of the crankshaft is transformed into linear motion of the piston. As the piston moves to and fro, it takes in low pressure gas and increases its pressure. Unlike an internal combustion engine, the gas is not ignited. It is allowed to leave the compressor cylinder at a higher level of pressure than when it went in.
SINGLE STAGE RECIPROCATING AIR COMPRESSOR. A single stage air compressor works using the force of a piston and pressure sensitive valve. It is designed to house one cylinder that compresses air with a single piston stroke. This cylinder is connected to a power supply that provides the force needed to compress the air. It is different from double and multiple stage air compressors because it operates with just the one cylinder and valve.
MULTI STAGE RECIPROCATING AIR COMPRESSOR. Since the 1980s, Hydro-Pac has manufactured compressors for high-pressure hydrogen applications. We have developed the techniques to safely and reliably compress this difficult gas. Our initial experience was the design and manufacture of ultra high-pressure hydrogen compressors for pressures of 30,000 psi to 120,000 psi (200 to 825 MPa). The recent interest in hydrogen gas as an energy source has prompted us to expand our product offerings for this important application. In addition to the ultra-high pressure machines, we manufacture units for pressures of 1,000 psi to 15,000 psi (7 to 100 MPa) and flow rates of 1 scfm to 350 scfm (3 to 1200 kg/day).
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SINGLE AND MULTI STAGE RECIPROCATING AIR COMPRESSOR Multi Stage Single Stage Traditional single-stage furnaces are designed to heat your home during the absolute coldest weather in your geographic area. Therefore, they run at their fullest capacity whenever they are in operation, regardless of the temperature outside. A two-stage furnace has two heating stages: low and high. The low stage runs at a lower capacity, and will heat your home as long as possible until it needs extra power to keep your home at the same temperature set on your thermostat. This is when the high stage kicks in. On average, a two-stage furnace only runs at high capacity 25% of the time it is on.
ADAVANTAGES &DISADAVANTAGES DISADAVANTAGES ADAVANTAGES Simple design Higher maintenance cost Lower initial cost Potential for vibration problems Easy to install Foundation may be required depending on size Two stage models offer the highest efficiency Many are not designed to run at full capacity 100% of the time Large rage of horse powers Special machines can reach extremely high pressures
DEFINITION A COMPRESSOR THAT DERIVES ITS PRESSURIZING ABLILLITY FROM A SPINNING COMPONANT. AN AIR COMPRESSOR USING A ROTARY IMPELLRE DRIVING AIR THROUGH A CURVED CHAMBER TO COMPRESS THE AIR.
WORKING PRINCIPLE THE COMPRESSOR TAKES IN A LOW PRESSURE GAS PASSES IT THROUGH A HIGH PRESSURE. ROTARY COMPRESSOR USE TWO MESHING HELICAL SCREWS,KNOWN AS ROTORS,TO COMPRESSOR THE GAS. ROTARY COMPRESSOR USED FOR MOVING A FLUID A SYSTEM AND USED FOR COPMRESSING AIR.
TYPES OF ROTARY AIR COMPRESSOR positive displacement compressor Dynamic compressor Roots Blower Centrifugal compressor Vane Axial Flow compressor compressor
ADVANTAGES MINIMUM MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE. ZERO WEAR. MAXIMUM RELIABILITY. LESS INSTALLATION COST. LOW OPRATING COSTS. ROTARY AIR COMPRESSOR HAVE GREATER AIR CAPACITY. PROTABILLITY AND VERSATILLITY.
DISADVANTAGES THEY TEND TO BE MORE EXPENCIVE. THEY TEND TO BE MORE NOISY. POWERFUL,MULTISTAGE PROTABLE. UNITS MUST BE GAS POWERD AND ARE HEAVY. PROTABLE UNIT ARE LESS POWERFUL THEN GAS COMPRESSOR.
Air Multistage Compressors are designed for high pressure operation up to 70.31 kg / cm2g (1000 psig). heavy duty These compressors are used in Valve and System Testing, PET Bottling Industries, Diesel Engine Starting, Laboratory Test Work, Space and Aviation Industries, Air Blast Circuit Breaking, Marine and Military Applications etc. Dairy,
cylinders of different diameters. A multi-stage compressor is one in which there are several is passed over a cooler to achieve a temperature very close to ambient air. The intake of air in the first stage gets compressed and then it again getting compressed and heated. This cooled air is passed to the intermediate stage where it is This air is again passed over a cooler to achieve a temperature as close to ambient as possible. Then this compressed air is passed to the final or the third stage of the air compressor where it is compressed to the required pressure and delivered to sufficiently in an after- cooler. the air receiver after cooling
Advantages of Multi-stage compression: The work done in compressing the air is reduced, thus power can be saved Prevents mechanical problems as the air temperature is controlled The suction and delivery valves remain in cleaner condition as the temperature and vaporization of lubricating oil is less The machine is smaller and better balanced Effects from moisture can be handled better, by draining at each stage Compression approaches near isothermal Compression ratio at each stage is lower when compared to a single-stage machine Light moving parts usually made of aluminum, thus less cost and better maintenance
